The 1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1994, for the four-year term beginning on January 1, 1995. Candidates for governor and lieutenant governor ran on a ticket as running mates.
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 County results Johnson: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% King: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Bruce King ran for a fourth term with Patricia Madrid as a running mate, losing to Republican nominees Gary Johnson, a businessman, and Walter Bradley, a former state senator. Former Lieutenant Governor Roberto Mondragón ran with Steven Schmidt as the nominees of the Green Party, receiving 10.4 percent of the vote.
The election was marked by the surprising rise of Republican Gary Johnson, the 41-year-old owner of one of the state's largest construction companies. Johnson, who had never before held elected office, upset a crowded Republican primary field by a margin of fewer than 1,300 votes. With the state's non-Republicans split between the centrist King and progressive Mondragón, King failed to gain a majority and Johnson won the election with 49.8% of the vote.[1]
This is the last time a governor of New Mexico lost re-election. This was one of four gubernatorial elections where an incumbent Democrat was defeated in 1994.
Primary election
editDemocratic Party
editKing faced a tough renomination campaign, being challenged by incumbent Lieutenant Governor Casey Luna, who had a falling out with King in 1993 over King's refusal to give Luna a larger role in King's administration.[2] Former New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands Jim Baca also challenged King.
Candidates
edit- Jim Baca, former Director of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and former New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands
- Bruce King, incumbent Governor
- Casey Luna, incumbent Lieutenant Governor
Results
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Bruce King (incumbent) | 76,039 | 38.38% | |
| Democratic | Casey Luna | 71,364 | 36.45% | |
| Democratic | Jim Baca | 48,401 | 24.72% | |
| Total votes | 195,804 | 100.00% | ||
Republican Party
editCandidates
edit- David F. Cargo, former Governor (1967–71) and former State Representative
- Dick Cheney, State Representative from Farmington
- John Dendahl, former New Mexico Secretary of Economic Development and Tourism
- Gary Johnson, businessman
Declined
edit- Manuel Lujan Jr., former U.S. Representative from Albuquerque (1969–89) and U.S. Secretary of the Interior (1989–93)
Campaign
editCheney ran on a platform highlighting cracking down on violent crime, repealing the gasoline tax, and lowering public spending.[4] During the campaign, he controversially changed his legal name from Richard to "Dick". Opponents including John Dendahl stated that people voting in the polls would confuse Cheney with the former Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney from Wyoming, improving his chances of winning the primary. Public polling after the change showed that his numbers increased significantly.[5]
At the state convention, Cheney received 49% of the vote against 29% for Dendahl and 22% for Johnson.[6]
Results
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Gary Johnson | 32,091 | 34.48% | |
| Republican | Dick Cheney | 30,811 | 33.10% | |
| Republican | John Dendahl | 18,007 | 19.35% | |
| Republican | David F. Cargo | 12,105 | 13.01% | |
| Republican | Keith Russell Judd (write-in) | 57 | 0.06% | |
| Total votes | 93,071 | 100.00% | ||
General election
editCandidates
edit- Gary Johnson, businessman (Republican)
- Bruce King, incumbent Governor (Democratic)
- Roberto Mondragón, former Lieutenant Governor (Green)
Campaign
editBruce King, the Democratic three-term incumbent[a], began the general election with the most funding and name recognition.[citation needed] King was a career politician who had first been elected to the Santa Fe County Commission in 1954, when Gary Johnson was just one year old.[7] King also had the support of the Gold Boot Club, a business-backed political coalition that channeled thousands of dollars to his campaign.[8]
King's quest for an unprecedented fourth term faced obstacles from the left and the right. From the left, King was challenged by Green Party nominee Roberto Mondragón. Mondragón was a populist former Democrat, who had served as Lieutenant Governor from 1971 to 1975 and in the state House from 1979 to 1983.[citation needed] Mondragón had a knack for appealing to both progressive whites and working-class Hispanics, and attacked King for his cushy relationships with big business.[8]
Gary Johnson was the nominee of New Mexico's Republican Party, a statewide party that had won just one gubernatorial election since 1970. Johnson faced the challenge of keeping together his Republican base while appealing to independents and Democrats frustrated with King. Johnson campaigned as a political outsider and self-made entrepreneur.[citation needed] In college, Johnson had worked as a door-to-door handyman, a business that gradually expanded into Big J Enterprises. By 1999, the company employed over 1,000 people and was worth several million dollars.[9] Johnson avoided then-divisive social issues like abortion and gay rights, and focused his campaign on pocketbook issues like taxes and the state budget. Johnson touted his experience in the business world of balancing budgets while growing his company, and promised to bring that experience to state government.[10]
In November, Gary Johnson won the election with just under 50% of the vote, while King got almost 40% and Mondragón pulled in just over 10%.
Polling
edit| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size |
Margin of error |
Bruce King (D) |
Gary Johnson (R) |
Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santa Fe New Mexican | November 3, 1994 | — | — | 34% | 46% | — | — |
| Albuquerque Journal | October 23, 1994 | — | — | 35% | 40% | — | — |
Results
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Gary Johnson | 232,945 | 49.81% | +4.66% | |
| Democratic | Bruce King (incumbent) | 186,686 | 39.92% | −14.68% | |
| Green | Roberto Mondragón | 47,990 | 10.26% | ||
| Plurality | 46,259 | 9.89% | |||
| Total votes | 467,621 | 100.00% | |||
| Republican gain from Democratic | Swing | +19.34% | |||
Results by county
editJohnson was the first Republican since Edwin L. Mechem in 1956 to carry Sandoval County. As of 2022, only Sandoval County and Bernalillo County have backed the winner in each gubernatorial election going back to 1990. Johnson was also the first Republican since David Cargo in 1966 to win Valencia County.
| County | Gary Johnson Republican |
Bruce King Democratic |
Roberto Mondragón Green |
Margin | Total votes cast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Bernalillo | 81,732 | 52.82% | 57,131 | 36.92% | 15,861 | 10.25% | 24,601 | 15.90% | 154,724 |
| Catron | 992 | 66.71% | 408 | 27.44% | 87 | 5.85% | 584 | 39.27% | 1,487 |
| Chaves | 9,606 | 60.45% | 5,449 | 34.29% | 835 | 5.25% | 4,157 | 26.16% | 15,890 |
| Cibola | 2,387 | 41.39% | 2,731 | 47.36% | 649 | 11.25% | -344 | -5.96% | 5,767 |
| Colfax | 1,982 | 41.69% | 2,242 | 47.16% | 530 | 11.15% | -260 | -5.47% | 4,754 |
| Curry | 6,721 | 64.39% | 3,377 | 32.35% | 340 | 3.26% | 3,344 | 32.04% | 10,438 |
| De Baca | 482 | 44.55% | 498 | 46.03% | 102 | 9.43% | -16 | -1.48% | 1,082 |
| Doña Ana | 17,560 | 53.79% | 12,142 | 37.19% | 2,945 | 9.02% | 5,418 | 16.60% | 32,647 |
| Eddy | 8,549 | 55.46% | 6,129 | 39.76% | 737 | 4.78% | 2,420 | 15.70% | 15,415 |
| Grant | 4,059 | 43.50% | 4,484 | 48.05% | 789 | 8.45% | -425 | -4.55% | 9,332 |
| Guadalupe | 366 | 16.34% | 1,253 | 55.94% | 621 | 27.72% | -632[b] | -28.22% | 2,240 |
| Harding | 280 | 43.55% | 307 | 47.74% | 56 | 8.71% | -27 | -4.20% | 643 |
| Hidalgo | 940 | 49.09% | 846 | 44.18% | 129 | 6.74% | 94 | 4.91% | 1,915 |
| Lea | 8,616 | 66.68% | 3,934 | 30.44% | 372 | 2.88% | 4,682 | 36.23% | 12,922 |
| Lincoln | 2,850 | 54.11% | 2,080 | 39.49% | 337 | 6.40% | 770 | 14.62% | 5,267 |
| Los Alamos | 5,379 | 59.61% | 3,043 | 33.72% | 602 | 6.67% | 2,336 | 25.89% | 9,024 |
| Luna | 2,956 | 54.40% | 2,087 | 38.41% | 391 | 7.20% | 869 | 15.99% | 5,434 |
| McKinley | 4,750 | 35.77% | 7,748 | 58.35% | 781 | 5.88% | -2,998 | -22.58% | 13,279 |
| Mora | 581 | 23.63% | 1,377 | 56.00% | 501 | 20.37% | -796 | -32.37% | 2,459 |
| Otero | 7,921 | 59.89% | 4,579 | 34.62% | 725 | 5.48% | -3,342 | -25.27% | 13,225 |
| Quay | 1,886 | 50.12% | 1,574 | 41.83% | 303 | 8.05% | 312 | 8.29% | 3,763 |
| Rio Arriba | 2,381 | 23.95% | 5,770 | 58.03% | 1,792 | 18.02% | -3,389 | -34.08% | 9,943 |
| Roosevelt | 2,925 | 60.12% | 1,745 | 35.87% | 195 | 4.01% | 1,180 | 24.25% | 4,865 |
| San Juan | 16,343 | 61.53% | 8,491 | 31.97% | 1,729 | 6.51% | 7,852 | 29.56% | 26,563 |
| San Miguel | 1,789 | 21.44% | 4,935 | 59.14% | 1,620 | 19.42% | -3,146 | -37.70% | 8,344 |
| Sandoval | 11,228 | 53.95% | 7,670 | 36.85% | 1,915 | 9.20% | 3,558 | 17.10% | 20,813 |
| Santa Fe | 10,701 | 29.44% | 18,006 | 49.54% | 7,638 | 21.02% | -7,305 | -20.10% | 36,345 |
| Sierra | 2,390 | 61.31% | 1,273 | 32.66% | 235 | 6.03% | 1,117 | 28.66% | 3,898 |
| Socorro | 2,441 | 42.01% | 2,737 | 47.11% | 632 | 10.88% | -296 | -5.09% | 5,810 |
| Taos | 2,221 | 27.64% | 3,668 | 45.64% | 2,147 | 26.72% | -1,447 | -18.01% | 8,036 |
| Torrance | 1,786 | 43.56% | 1,964 | 47.90% | 350 | 8.54% | -178 | -4.34% | 4,100 |
| Union | 903 | 54.46% | 678 | 40.89% | 77 | 4.64% | 225 | 13.57% | 1,658 |
| Valencia | 7,242 | 46.61% | 6,330 | 40.74% | 1,967 | 12.66% | 912 | 5.87% | 15,539 |
| Total | 232,945 | 49.81% | 186,686 | 39.92% | 47,990 | 10.26% | 46,259 | 9.89% | 467,621 |
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
editNotes
editReferences
edit- ^ Birnbaum, Ben (August 12, 2016). "Gary Johnson Has a Plan". Politico Magazine. ISSN 2381-1595.
- ^ "Luna Won't Take Sides in the Race". Santa Fe New Mexican. October 25, 1994. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
- ^ a b "Canvass of Returns of Primary Election Held on June 7, 1994 – State of New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Secretary of State. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
- ^ "Albuquerque Journal from Albuquerque, New Mexico · Page 7".
- ^ "The Santa Fe New Mexican from Santa Fe, New Mexico · Page 7".
- ^ Morehouse, Sarah McCally (1998). The Governor as Party Leader: Campaigning and Governing. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472108484 – via Google Books.
- ^ Terrell, Steve (January 14, 2020). "After big loss, experts doubt King will run for office again". The Santa Fe New Mexican. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
Bruce King began his political career in 1954 when he won a seat on the Santa Fe County Commission.
- ^ a b Kurtz, Josh (October 26, 1994). "The Liberals' Dilemma: Choose Your Poison". The Santa Fe Reporter. p. 33 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Marciello, Alex (February 25, 2011). "Former NM governor talks politics". The Daily News of Newburyport. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
Prior to that, he was the CEO and founder of Big J Enterprises, a business that grew out of his door-to-door work as a handyman during college. By the time he sold the company in 1999, it had more than 1,000 employees and was a multimillion-dollar enterprise.
- ^ Lyman, Andy (April 20, 2016). "How Gary Johnson went from 'Governor No' to third party icon". New Mexico Political Report.
- ^ "Canvass of Returns of General Election Held on November 8, 1994 - State of New Mexico" (pdf). New Mexico Secretary of State. Retrieved July 29, 2024.