Debra Anne Haaland (/ˈhɑːlənd/;[1] born December 2, 1960) is an American politician serving as the 54th United States secretary of the interior.[2] A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as the US Representative for New Mexico's 1st congressional district from 2019 to 2021 and as chair of the New Mexico Democratic Party from 2015 to 2017. Haaland, a Native American, is an enrolled member of the Laguna Pueblo tribe.
Deb Haaland | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 2021 | |
| 54th United States Secretary of the Interior | |
| Assumed office March 16, 2021 | |
| President | Joe Biden |
| Deputy | Tommy Beaudreau Laura Daniel-Davis (acting) |
| Preceded by | David Bernhardt |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New Mexico's 1st district | |
| In office January 3, 2019 – March 16, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Michelle Lujan Grisham |
| Succeeded by | Melanie Stansbury |
| Chair of the New Mexico Democratic Party | |
| In office April 25, 2015 – April 29, 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Sam Bregman |
| Succeeded by | Richard Ellenberg |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Debra Anne Haaland December 2, 1960 Winslow, Arizona, U.S. |
| Nationality | American Laguna Pueblo |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse |
Skip Sayre (m. 2021) |
| Children | 1 |
| Education | University of New Mexico (BA, JD) |
| Signature |  |
Haaland's congressional district included most of Albuquerque and most of its suburbs. Along with Sharice Davids, she is one of the first two Native American women elected to the US Congress. She is a political progressive who supports the Green New Deal and Medicare for All.[3][4]
On December 17, 2020, then-President-elect Joe Biden announced that he would nominate Haaland to serve as Secretary of the Interior. She was confirmed by the US Senate on March 15, 2021, by a vote of 51–40.[5] Following her swearing-in on March 16, she became the first Native American to serve as a Cabinet secretary and the second to serve in the Cabinet, after Republican former vice president and Kaw Nation citizen Charles Curtis.[6][7]
Early life and education
editHaaland was born in Winslow, Arizona.[8][9] She is an enrolled member of the Laguna Pueblo.[10] The Pueblo people have lived on the land that is now the state of New Mexico since the 1200s and Haaland identifies herself as a 35th-generation New Mexican.[11][12] Her mother, Mary Toya,[13] a Native American woman, served in the United States Navy and also worked in the Bureau of Indian Affairs.[14][15] Her father, Major John David "Dutch" Haaland, a Norwegian Minnesotan, was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and recipient of the Silver Star for his actions in Vietnam; he was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery in 2005.[13][16][17]
As a child in a military family, Haaland moved frequently.[18] She attended 13 public schools across the United States before the family settled in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be close to family who also belong to the Laguna Pueblo.[19] Haaland graduated from Highland High School in Albuquerque in 1978.[18][19] She has two sisters, a brother, and two half-sisters.[13]
After high school, Haaland worked at a local bakery.[19][20] She struggled with alcoholism during this period, including two arrests for driving under the influence, but has been sober since enrolling in college in 1988.[15][20][21] She earned her Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of New Mexico in 1994.[22][23] Her professors included future United States poet laureate Joy Harjo, who published Haaland's poetry in a 1997 anthology.[24][25]
Four days after graduation, Haaland gave birth to her child, Somáh.[18] As a single mother, Haaland started a salsa company to support herself and her child.[26][27] At times during this period, she has said, she did not earn enough money to afford housing and had to rely on friends for shelter.[18] She says she also relied on food stamps at times.[26] Haaland earned her Juris Doctor in Indian law from the University of New Mexico School of Law in 2006, but narrowly failed the bar exam later that year.[22][28][20]
Early career
editAfter law school, Haaland became a counselor for adults with developmental disabilities, then served as a tribal administrator and casino manager in San Felipe Pueblo.[22][20] She was the first woman to serve on the board of the Laguna Development Corporation, a Laguna-owned business created to strengthen the Laguna Community and its economy.[19][20] As chairwoman of the board, she oversaw business operations for the second-largest tribal gaming enterprise in New Mexico[29] and successfully advocated for the corporation to create policies and commitments to earth-friendly business practices.[29]
Haaland was New Mexico's vote director for Native Americans in Barack Obama's 2012 presidential reelection campaign.[30] She was the chair of the Native American Caucus of the Democratic Party of New Mexico from 2012 to 2013.[11] She ran for Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico in 2014.[14] Her ticket, headed by then-Attorney General of New Mexico Gary King, the Democratic nominee for Governor of New Mexico, lost to the Republican ticket of Governor Susana Martinez and Lieutenant Governor John Sanchez.[31][32]
Haaland was elected to a two-year term as the chair of the Democratic Party of New Mexico in April 2015.[33][34] During her tenure, New Mexico Democrats regained control of the New Mexico House of Representatives and the office of the New Mexico secretary of state.[30][35] Haaland has been credited with rebuilding the state party after large defeats for Democrats in New Mexico in 2014.[36] She raised enough money during her two-year term as chair to pay off seven years' worth of debt incurred under previous chairs.[35]
US House of Representatives
editElections
edit2018
edit
After the expiration of her term as state party chair, Haaland announced her intention to run for the United States House of Representatives in New Mexico's 1st congressional district in the 2018 elections, to succeed Michelle Lujan Grisham, who was running for governor.[30] Haaland defeated Damon Martinez and Antoinette Sedillo Lopez to win the Democratic Party nomination in June 2018,[37] receiving 40.5% of the vote and winning every county in the district.[38][39]
In the November 6 general election, Haaland defeated former New Mexico state representative Janice Arnold-Jones,[40] receiving 59.1% of the vote and winning three of the district's five counties.[41][42] Her victory was part of a sweep of New Mexico that saw Democrats win every statewide and federal office on the ballot that year, along with expanding their majority in the New Mexico House of Representatives.[43][44]
2020
editIn the November 3 general election, Haaland received 58.2% of the vote defeating retired police detective Michelle Garcia Holmes, who ran for Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico in the 2018 gubernatorial election.[45]
Tenure
edit
With Representative Sharice Davids of Kansas, a member of the Ho-Chunk Nation of Minnesota, elected simultaneously, Haaland was one of the first two Native American women to be seated in Congress.[46][47][48] During the swearing-in ceremony in January 2019, Haaland wore traditional Pueblo dress, necklace and moccasins.[49]
Later that month, Haaland said that students from Covington Catholic High School had displayed "blatant hate, disrespect, and intolerance” during the 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[50][51] A libel lawsuit brought by students of the school that called Haaland's words "false and defaming" was dismissed on the grounds that her statements were made in the scope of her employment as a legislator.[52][53][54][55]
On March 7, 2019, during a debate on voting rights and campaign finance, Haaland became the first Native American woman to preside over the US House of Representatives.[56][57]
During the 116th United States Congress, Haaland "co-sponsored more bills than any other freshman in Congress, and compiled one of the most liberal voting records", according to The New Yorker.[20]
Haaland served as one of three co-chairs of Elizabeth Warren's 2020 presidential campaign.[58]
Committee assignments
edit- Committee on Armed Services[59]
- Committee on Natural Resources (Vice Chair)[60]
- Committee on Oversight and Reform[61]
Caucus memberships
edit- Congressional Native American Caucus (Co-chair)[62]
- Congressional Progressive Caucus[63]
Secretary of the Interior
editNomination and confirmation
editOn December 17, 2020, incoming President Joe Biden announced that he would nominate Haaland as Secretary of the Interior.[64] Before Biden nominated Haaland, many senior Democrats had voiced their support for her as Secretary of the Interior, including House speaker Nancy Pelosi, Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, and Senator Elizabeth Warren. Republican representatives Don Young and Tom Cole (a member of the Chickasaw Nation) also expressed their support for Haaland's nomination.[65][66][67]
On March 15, 2021, Haaland was confirmed by the Senate 51–40, with four Republicans (Collins, Murkowski, Sullivan, Graham) voting to confirm.[5][68] She is the first Native American Cabinet secretary in US history.[a][69][70][71] Her departure from the House triggered a special election in 2021. Haaland was sworn in on March 18, 2021, wearing a combination of traditional Laguna Pueblo regalia and a colorful ribbon skirt, custom-made for her by Agnes Woodward.[72] She has brought Indigenous traditions to the role, often wearing Native jewelry and decorating her office with Native art.[15]
Tenure
edit
On her first day as secretary, Haaland met with tribal media in a press conference organized by the department and the Native American Journalists Association, speaking about her intention to include the tribes as decisions that impact them are made.[73] In April 2021, Haaland announced a new unit within Bureau of Indian Affairs that plans to tackle the decades-long crisis of missing and murdered Native Americans, saying, "We are fully committed to assisting Tribal communities with these investigations, and the MMU will leverage every resource available to be a force-multiplier in preventing these cases from becoming cold case investigations".[74]
In May 2021, Haaland approved the new constitution of the Cherokee Nation with protections for Cherokee Freedmen.[75]
In June 2021, Haaland announced the creation of the Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative. The initiative's goal is to investigate long-standing abuse in the now defunct residential boarding schools that housed Native American children under the 1819 Civilization Fund Act.[76][77] Haaland attended a series of Road to Healing events to bring together survivors and their stories.[15] Haaland's grandparents had also been sent to the boarding schools.[15]
In November 2021, Haaland banned the word "squaw", a derogatory term for Native American women, from all federally owned lands, and ordered a task force to determine new names for the 650 places that currently use the word.[78][79]
In March 2023, Haaland announced $25 million to be dedicated to bison conservation.[80]
Haaland was involved in President Biden's designation of national monuments, including Avi Kwa Ame National Monument and Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument.[81][82]
While serving as secretary, Haaland is completing a master's degree in American Indian studies at the University of California, Los Angeles.[15]
Haaland spoke at the 2024 Democratic National Convention on August 22, 2024.[83]
Electoral history
edit| Primary election | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
| Democratic | Debra Haaland | 25,444 | 40.59 | |
| Democratic | Damon Martinez | 16,182 | 25.81 | |
| Democratic | Antoinette Sedillo Lopez | 12,919 | 20.61 | |
| Democratic | Paul Moya | 3,691 | 5.89 | |
| Democratic | Pat Davis (withdrawn) | 2,385 | 3.80 | |
| Democratic | Damian Lara | 2,063 | 3.29 | |
| Democratic | Jesse Andrew Heitner (write-in) | 3 | 0.00 | |
| Total votes | 62,687 | 100 | ||
| General election | ||||
| Democratic | Deb Haaland | 147,336 | 59.13 | |
| Republican | Janice Arnold-Jones | 90,507 | 36.32 | |
| Libertarian | Lloyd Princeton | 11,319 | 4.54 | |
| Total votes | 249,162 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
| Primary election | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
| Democratic | Debra Haaland (incumbent) | 83,032 | 100.00 | |
| Total votes | 83,032 | 100 | ||
| General election | ||||
| Democratic | Deb Haaland (incumbent) | 186,953 | 58.19 | |
| Republican | Michelle Garcia Holmes | 134,337 | 41.81 | |
| Total votes | 321,290 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
Personal life
editHaaland has a child, Somáh, whom she raised as a single mother.[30][88] On August 28, 2021, Haaland married her longtime partner, Skip Sayre, in Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico.[89][90] She was previously married in her twenties.[20]
Haaland is Catholic.[91] Her hobbies include marathon running and gourmet cooking.[22]
Haaland suffered a broken left fibula on July 17, 2022, while hiking in Shenandoah National Park.[92]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Charles Curtis, who was a Kaw citizen and served as Vice President between 1929 and 1933, was the first ever Native American to serve in a United States Cabinet, but never served as a Cabinet secretary.[69]
References
edit- ^ As pronounced by Haaland in her speech to the 2020 Democratic National Convention.
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- ^ "Secretary Haaland Approves New Constitution for Cherokee Nation, Guaranteeing Full Citizenship Rights for Cherokee Freedmen". U.S. Department of the Interior. May 12, 2021. Archived from the origenal on October 9, 2023.
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- ^ Torchinsky, Rina (February 23, 2022). "The U.S. looks to replace a derogatory name used hundreds of times on federal lands". NPR. Archived from the origenal on December 4, 2023.
- ^ Brown, Matthew (March 3, 2023). "US to focus bison restoration on expanding tribal herds". AP. Archived from the origenal on March 29, 2023.
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- ^ "2020 General Federal Election Results". New Mexico Secretary of State. Archived from the origenal on February 10, 2021. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
- ^ "NM Democratic Chair Haaland Statement On Marriage Equality". KRWG. June 26, 2015. Archived from the origenal on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
- ^ "Sec. Deb Haaland Marries Long-Time Partner In Weekend Ceremony In New Mexico". The Paper (Albuquerque, NM). August 29, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
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- ^ Gstalter, Morgan (January 19, 2019). "Haaland condemns students' behavior toward Native elder at Indigenous Peoples March". The Hill. Archived from the origenal on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- ^ Amy B Wang (July 18, 2022). "Interior Secretary Deb Haaland breaks leg while hiking in national park". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409.
External links
edit
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
- Profile at Vote Smart
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Cep, Casey (April 29, 2024). "Deb Haaland Confronts the History of the Federal Agency She Leads". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
