tapa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tapa"

Languages (31)

English

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A-Pucikwar • 'Are'are • Asturian • Catalan • Cebuano • Estonian • Faroese • Finnish • French • Galician • Icelandic • Indonesian • Ingrian • Irish • Latvian • Maori • Muzo • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Norse • Portuguese • Romanian • Spanish • Swahili • Tagalog • Ternate • Tongan • Venda • Votic • Zulu

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Page categories

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɑːpə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːpə

Etymology 1

From Tongan tapa.

Noun

tapa (countable and uncountable, plural tapas)

1. A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry.

   Synonym: kapa

   • 2005, Roger Neich, Mick Pendergrast, Pacific Tapa, University of Hawaii Press, unnumbered page:

     For many of these cultures, clothing — or at least coverings for basic modesty such as loincloths and G-strings — is the main use of tapa.

Alternative forms

• tappa

Translations

Polynesian cloth

• Hawaiian: kapa
• Niuean: hiapo
• Samoan: siapo
• Tongan: tapa

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish tapa.

Noun

tapa (plural tapas)

1. Any appetizer or snack served in the evening as part of tapas.

Etymology 3

Noun

tapa (uncountable)

1. Seasoned slices of dried or cured meat in Filipino cuisine.

Anagrams

• APTA, PATA, atap

A-Pucikwar

Etymology

From Proto-Great Andamanese *tapə.

Adjective

tapa

1. blind

References

• Juliette Blevins, Linguistic clues to Andamanese pre-history: Understanding the North-South divide, pg. 20 (2009)

'Are'are

Verb

tapa

1. to cut

References

• Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

Asturian

Etymology

From Gothic *tappa, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”).

Noun

tapa f (plural tapes)

1. lid (top or cover)

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈta.pə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈta.pa]

Etymology 1

From Gothic *tappa, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”). Doublet of tap.

Noun

tapa f (plural tapes)

1. lid, top, cover
2. cover (of a book)

   Synonym: coberta

3. heelplate (reinforcing piece on the heel of a shoe)
4. tapa (appetizer)

Derived terms

• de tapa dura (“hardcover”)
• de tapa tova (“softcover”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

tapa

1. inflection of tapar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “tapa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

1. thinly sliced fried beef

Verb

tapa

1. to smoke fish

Estonian

Verb

tapa

1. Second-person singular imperative form of tapma.
2. Present connegative form of tapma.

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse tapa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɛapa]

Verb

tapa (third person singular past indicative tapti, third person plural past indicative taptu, supine tapt)

1. to lose
   • tapa dyst

     to lose the match

Conjugation

Conjugation of tapa (group v-2)

infinitive	tapa
supine	tapt
	present	past
first singular	tapi	tapti
second singular	tapir	tapti
third singular	tapir	tapti
plural	tapa	taptu
participle (a39)1	tapandi	taptur
	imperative
singular	tap!
plural	tapið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tapa, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *dabāˀ (compare Latvian daba).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝pɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

1. habit (action performed on a regular basis) [with first infinitive ‘to do’]

   Meillä oli sunnuntaisin tapana mennä rannalle.

   We used to go to the beach on Sundays. / We would go to the beach on Sundays.

2. habit (action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness) [with first infinitive ‘to do’]

   Synonym: tottumus

3. custom (frequent repetition of the same act) [with first infinitive ‘to do’]

   Synonym: käytäntö

4. (usually in the plural) habit, manner (one's customary method of acting)
5. (usually in the plural) manner (good, polite behavior)
6. way, manner (to do something) [with illative ‘for’; or with first infinitive ‘to do’]

   jollain tavalla ― some way, by some means, somehow

Declension

Inflection of tapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation)
nominative		tapa	tavat
genitive		tavan	tapojen
partitive		tapaa	tapoja
illative		tapaan	tapoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		tapa	tavat
accusative	nom.	tapa	tavat
	gen.	tavan
genitive		tavan	tapojen tapain rare
partitive		tapaa	tapoja
inessive		tavassa	tavoissa
elative		tavasta	tavoista
illative		tapaan	tapoihin
adessive		tavalla	tavoilla
ablative		tavalta	tavoilta
allative		tavalle	tavoille
essive		tapana	tapoina
translative		tavaksi	tavoiksi
abessive		tavatta	tavoitta
instructive		—	tavoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of tapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tapani tapani accusative nom. tapani tapani gen. tapani genitive tapani tapojeni tapaini rare partitive tapaani tapojani inessive tavassani tavoissani elative tavastani tavoistani illative tapaani tapoihini adessive tavallani tavoillani ablative tavaltani tavoiltani allative tavalleni tavoilleni essive tapanani tapoinani translative tavakseni tavoikseni abessive tavattani tavoittani instructive — — comitative — tapoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tapasi tapasi accusative nom. tapasi tapasi gen. tapasi genitive tapasi tapojesi tapaisi rare partitive tapaasi tapojasi inessive tavassasi tavoissasi elative tavastasi tavoistasi illative tapaasi tapoihisi adessive tavallasi tavoillasi ablative tavaltasi tavoiltasi allative tavallesi tavoillesi essive tapanasi tapoinasi translative tavaksesi tavoiksesi abessive tavattasi tavoittasi instructive — — comitative — tapoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tapamme tapamme accusative nom. tapamme tapamme gen. tapamme genitive tapamme tapojemme tapaimme rare partitive tapaamme tapojamme inessive tavassamme tavoissamme elative tavastamme tavoistamme illative tapaamme tapoihimme adessive tavallamme tavoillamme ablative tavaltamme tavoiltamme allative tavallemme tavoillemme essive tapanamme tapoinamme translative tavaksemme tavoiksemme abessive tavattamme tavoittamme instructive — — comitative — tapoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tapanne tapanne accusative nom. tapanne tapanne gen. tapanne genitive tapanne tapojenne tapainne rare partitive tapaanne tapojanne inessive tavassanne tavoissanne elative tavastanne tavoistanne illative tapaanne tapoihinne adessive tavallanne tavoillanne ablative tavaltanne tavoiltanne allative tavallenne tavoillenne essive tapananne tapoinanne translative tavaksenne tavoiksenne abessive tavattanne tavoittanne instructive — — comitative — tapoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative tapansa tapansa accusative nom. tapansa tapansa gen. tapansa genitive tapansa tapojensa tapainsa rare partitive tapaansa tapojaan tapojansa inessive tavassaan tavassansa tavoissaan tavoissansa elative tavastaan tavastansa tavoistaan tavoistansa illative tapaansa tapoihinsa adessive tavallaan tavallansa tavoillaan tavoillansa ablative tavaltaan tavaltansa tavoiltaan tavoiltansa allative tavalleen tavallensa tavoilleen tavoillensa essive tapanaan tapanansa tapoinaan tapoinansa translative tavakseen tavaksensa tavoikseen tavoiksensa abessive tavattaan tavattansa tavoittaan tavoittansa instructive — — comitative — tapoineen tapoinensa

Derived terms

(adjectives):

• tapainen
• tavallinen
• tavaton

(verbs):

• tavata

(compounds):

• ajattelutapa
• ajatustapa
• antotapa
• ehtotapa
• elintapa
• elämäntapa
• esiintymistapa
• esitystapa
• hallitustapa
• hautaustapa
• hiihtotapa
• hoitotapa
• hovitavat
• häätapa
• ihmistavat
• ilmaisemistapa
• ilmaisutapa
• juomatapa
• kansantapa
• katsantotapa
• katsomustapa
• katsontatapa
• kauppatapa
• kirjoitustapa
• kuolintapa
• kuvaamistapa
• kuvaustapa
• kylvötapa
• käsittelytapa
• käsitystapa
• käskytapa
• kävelytapa
• käyntitapa
• käyttäytymistapa
• käyttötapa
• käytöstapa
• laatutapa
• laskutapa
• laulutapa
• lehtitapa
• liiketapa
• lisääntymistapa
• lukutapa
• lähestymistapa
• mahtotapa
• maksutapa
• menettelytapa
• merimiestapa
• merkintätapa
• muodostumistapa
• nimitapa
• näkemistapa
• olemistapa
• opetustapa
• opiskelutapa
• pakkaustapa
• pelitapa
• perimätapa
• perinnäistapa
• puhetapa
• puhuttelutapa
• pyyntitapa
• pöytätapa
• rankaisutapa
• ratkaisutapa
• reagointitapa
• reaktiotapa
• saalistustapa
• salaustapa
• sanontatapa
• seuratapa
• suhtautumistapa
• suoritustapa
• tapainkuvaus
• tapaintuomari
• tapainturmelus
• tapakasvatus
• tapakomedia
• tapakristillinen
• tapakristitty
• tapakulttuuri
• tapakäyttö
• tapaluokka
• tapaoikeus
• taparikollinen
• tapatieto
• tapaturma
• tapauskovainen
• tarkastelutapa
• tavanmukainen
• tavanomainen
• tavantakainen
• tekotapa
• toimintatapa
• toimitapa
• tositapa
• tulkintatapa
• tuotantotapa
• työskentelytapa
• työtapa
• vaalitapa
• viljelytapa
• ääntämistapa
• ääntötapa

Further reading

• “tapa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɑpɑˣ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝pɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ta‧pa

Verb

tapa

1. inflection of tappaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• apat, pata

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

tapa

1. third-person singular past historic of taper

Galician

Verb

tapa

1. inflection of tapar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse tapa (“to lose”), cognate with the Swedish tappa and Danish tabe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtʰaːpa/
• Rhymes: -aːpa

Verb

tapa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative tapaði, supine tapað)

1. to lose [with dative]

Conjugation

tapa — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að tapa
supine (sagnbót)		tapað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		tapandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég tapa	við töpum	present (nútíð)	ég tapi	við töpum
	þú tapar	þið tapið		þú tapir	þið tapið
	hann, hún, það tapar	þeir, þær, þau tapa		hann, hún, það tapi	þeir, þær, þau tapi
past (þátíð)	ég tapaði	við töpuðum	past (þátíð)	ég tapaði	við töpuðum
	þú tapaðir	þið töpuðuð		þú tapaðir	þið töpuðuð
	hann, hún, það tapaði	þeir, þær, þau töpuðu		hann, hún, það tapaði	þeir, þær, þau töpuðu
imperative (boðháttur)	tapa (þú)	tapið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	tapaðu	tapiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

tapast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að tapast
supine (sagnbót)		tapast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		tapandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég tapast	við töpumst	present (nútíð)	ég tapist	við töpumst
	þú tapast	þið tapist		þú tapist	þið tapist
	hann, hún, það tapast	þeir, þær, þau tapast		hann, hún, það tapist	þeir, þær, þau tapist
past (þátíð)	ég tapaðist	við töpuðumst	past (þátíð)	ég tapaðist	við töpuðumst
	þú tapaðist	þið töpuðust		þú tapaðist	þið töpuðust
	hann, hún, það tapaðist	þeir, þær, þau töpuðust		hann, hún, það tapaðist	þeir, þær, þau töpuðust
imperative (boðháttur)	tapast (þú)	tapist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	tapastu	tapisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

tapaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	tapaður	töpuð	tapað		tapaðir	tapaðar	töpuð
accusative (þolfall)	tapaðan	tapaða	tapað		tapaða	tapaðar	töpuð
dative (þágufall)	töpuðum	tapaðri	töpuðu		töpuðum	töpuðum	töpuðum
genitive (eignarfall)	tapaðs	tapaðrar	tapaðs		tapaðra	tapaðra	tapaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	tapaði	tapaða	tapaða		töpuðu	töpuðu	töpuðu
accusative (þolfall)	tapaða	töpuðu	tapaða		töpuðu	töpuðu	töpuðu
dative (þágufall)	tapaða	töpuðu	tapaða		töpuðu	töpuðu	töpuðu
genitive (eignarfall)	tapaða	töpuðu	tapaða		töpuðu	töpuðu	töpuðu

Related terms

• tap

Indonesian

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तप (tapa), तपस् (tapas).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.pa/
• Hyphenation: ta‧pa
• Rhymes: -pa

Verb

tapa

1. to do asceticism

Derived terms

• bertapa
• mempertapakan
• pertapa
• pertapaan
• petapa

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.pa/
• Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

1. a fish, (Gastromyzon borneensis).

Alternative forms

• tapah

Etymology 3

From Minangkabau, from Sanskrit तप (tapa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.pa/
• Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Adjective

tapa

1. strong

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.pa/
• Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Verb

tapa

1. Alternative form of tempa

Further reading

• “tapa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tapa. Cognates include Finnish tapa and Estonian tava.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈtɑpɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈtɑb̥ɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

1. way, manner
   • 1937, N. Iljin, Iƶoran Keelen Programma Alkușkoulua vart‎^[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:

     Programman materiala ono jaettu jokahist oppivootta vart mokomal taval:

     The material of the curriculum is divided for every school year in the following way:

2. custom, tradition
   • 2009, Inkeri‎^[3], volume 1, number 71, St. Petersburg, page 9:

     Hävijä heien kieli, kultuuri, tavad.

     Their language is disappearing, their culture, customs.

3. character, disposition
   • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 78:

     Jo kaik pogranicnikat tiisivät hänen hoolimattoman tavan.

     All the border guards already knew his disobedient character.

Declension

Declension of tapa (type 3/kana, p-v gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	tapa	tavat
genitive	tavan	tappoin
partitive	tappaa	tapoja
illative	tappaa	tappoi
inessive	tavas	tavois
elative	tavast	tavoist
allative	tavalle	tavoille
adessive	taval	tavoil
ablative	tavalt	tavoilt
translative	tavaks	tavoiks
essive	tapanna, tappaan	tapoinna, tappoin
exessive1)	tapant	tapoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• (manner): mooto, koosi

Derived terms

• tapain

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈtɑpɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈtɑb̥ɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Verb

tapa

1. inflection of tappaa:
   1. present indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular imperative
   3. second-person singular imperative connegative

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 565

Irish

Alternative forms

• tapadh (nonstandard, archaic)
• tapaidh (Munster, Ulster)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠapˠə/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ˠapˠuː/ (corresponding to the form tapadh)

Adjective

tapa

1. quick, ready, active

   Synonyms: mear, gasta, luath, sciobtha

   Antonym: mall

   Tá sé tapa as a lámha. ― He is quick with his hands.

   Tá sí tapa ar a cosa. ― She is fast on her feet.

   Nach tapa a choir sé? ― Didn't he tire very quickly?

Declension

Declension of tapa

	singular		plural (m/f)
Positive	masculine	feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
nominative	tapa	thapa	tapa; thapa2
vocative	thapa		tapa
genitive		tapa	tapa	tapa
dative	tapa; thapa1	thapa	tapa; thapa2
Comparative	níos tapa
Superlative	is tapa

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

• go beo tapa

Noun

tapa m (genitive singular tapa)

1. quickness, speed

   Synonyms: éascaíocht, luas, mire, tapúlacht

   Antonym: moille

2. readiness
3. activity, vigour

   Synonyms: lúth, gníomh

   Níl treoir ná tapa ann. ― He has neither strength nor vigour.

Declension

Declension of tapa (fourth declension, no plural)

bare forms case singular nominative tapa vocative a thapa genitive tapa dative tapa forms with the definite article case singular nominative an tapa genitive an tapa dative leis an tapa don tapa

Derived terms

• ar do thapa
• déan tapa
• de thapa na huaire

Related terms

• tapaigh

Mutation

Mutated forms of tapa

radical	lenition	eclipsis
tapa	thapa	dtapa

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Latvian

Noun

tapa f (4th declension)

1. plug (hole filler)
2. peg
3. spigot
4. pin
5. stopgap

Declension

Declension of tapa (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	tapa	tapas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	tapas	tapu
dative (datīvs)	tapai	tapām
accusative (akuzatīvs)	tapu	tapas
instrumental (instrumentālis)	tapu	tapām
locative (lokatīvs)	tapā	tapās
vocative (vokatīvs)	tapa	tapas

Verb

tapa

1. third-person singular/plural past indicative of tapt

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tapa.

Noun

tapa

1. rim, edge, boundary
2. split
3. labia

Muzo

Etymology

From or cognate to a Cariban word like Kari'na topu (“stone”).

Noun

tapa

1. stone

References

• Willem F. H. Adelaar, The Languages of the Andes (2004)
• Napoleón Peralta Barrera, El país de los muzos (1998)

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• tapene

Noun

tapa n

1. definite plural of tap

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²tɑːpɑ/

Verb

tapa (present tense tapar/taper, past tense tapa/tapte, past participle tapa/tapt, passive infinitive tapast, present participle tapande, imperative tapa/tap)

1. a-infinitive and split infinitive form of tape

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²tæɪ̯.pɑ/

Verb

tapa (present tense tapar, past tense tapa, past participle tapa, passive infinitive tapast, present participle tapande, imperative tapa/tap)

1. alternative spelling of teipa

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɑːpɑ/

Noun

tapa n

1. definite plural of tap

References

• “tapa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dh₂pnéh₂ti, from *deh₂p- (“to lose, sacrifice”), from *deh₂- (“to divide”).

Verb

tapa

1. to lose [with dative]

Conjugation

Conjugation of tapa — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	tapa
present participle	tapandi
past participle	tapaðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	tapa	tapaða
2nd-person singular	tapar	tapaðir
3rd-person singular	tapar	tapaði
1st-person plural	tǫpum	tǫpuðum
2nd-person plural	tapið	tǫpuðuð
3rd-person plural	tapa	tǫpuðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	tapa	tapaða
2nd-person singular	tapir	tapaðir
3rd-person singular	tapi	tapaði
1st-person plural	tapim	tapaðim
2nd-person plural	tapið	tapaðið
3rd-person plural	tapi	tapaði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	tapa
1st-person plural	tǫpum
2nd-person plural	tapið

Conjugation of tapa — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	tapask
present participle	tapandisk
past participle	tapazk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	tǫpumk	tǫpuðumk
2nd-person singular	tapask	tapaðisk
3rd-person singular	tapask	tapaðisk
1st-person plural	tǫpumsk	tǫpuðumsk
2nd-person plural	tapizk	tǫpuðuzk
3rd-person plural	tapask	tǫpuðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	tǫpumk	tǫpuðumk
2nd-person singular	tapisk	tapaðisk
3rd-person singular	tapisk	tapaðisk
1st-person plural	tapimsk	tapaðimsk
2nd-person plural	tapizk	tapaðizk
3rd-person plural	tapisk	tapaðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	tapask
1st-person plural	tǫpumsk
2nd-person plural	tapizk

Derived terms

• tapan f, tǫpun f

Descendants

• Danish: tabe
• Faroese: tapa
• Icelandic: tapa
• Norwegian: tape, tapa
• Swedish: tappa

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “tapa”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈta.pɐ/

• Rhymes: -apɐ
• Hyphenation: ma‧pa

Etymology 1

From Gothic *tappa, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”). Cognate with Italian tappare.

Noun

tapa (Brazil) m or (Portugal) f (plural tapas)

1. (informal) a slap
2. (informal) argument without a replica
3. (Brazil, vulgar) discrete marijuana use

Related terms

• estapear
• tapar
• pescotapa

Etymology 2

Verb

tapa

1. inflection of tapar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French taper.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /taˈpa/

Verb

a tapa (third-person singular present tapează, past participle tapat) 1st conjugation

1. to borrow money without the intention to return it

Conjugation

    conjugation of tapa (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a tapa
gerund			tapând
past participle			tapat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	tapez	tapezi	tapează	tapăm	tapați	tapează
	imperfect	tapam	tapai	tapa	tapam	tapați	tapau
	simple perfect	tapai	tapași	tapă	taparăm	taparăți	tapară
	pluperfect	tapasem	tapaseși	tapase	tapaserăm	tapaserăți	tapaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să tapez	să tapezi	să tapeze	să tapăm	să tapați	să tapeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		tapează			tapați
	negative		nu tapa			nu tapați

Further reading

• tapa in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtapa/ [ˈt̪a.pa]
• Rhymes: -apa
• Syllabification: ta‧pa

Etymology 1

From Gothic *𐍄𐌰𐍀𐍀𐌰 (*tappa), from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”). Cognate with Italian tappare and English tap.

Noun

tapa f (plural tapas)

1. lid, cap (the top or cover of a container)

   Synonyms: tapadera, (for bottles) tapón

2. the bottom of a shoe's heel
3. cover (the front and back of a book)

   Synonyms: (front cover) portada, cubierta

   de tapa blanda ― softcover

   de tapa dura ― hardcover

4. sluicegate

   Synonym: compuerta

5. flank (a cut of meat from the flank of a cow)
6. tapa, appetizer (small portion of food)
7. (in the plural, Argentina) dough for making empanadas (pastries)

Usage notes

• Tapa is a false friend, and does not mean tap. Spanish equivalents are shown in the "Translations" section of the English entry tap.

Derived terms

• tapa blanda
• tapa dura
• tapear

Related terms

• tapar
• tapón

Descendants

• → English: tapa

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

tapa

1. inflection of tapar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “tapa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Anagrams

• pata, apta

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-tapa (infinitive kutapa)

1. to shiver, quiver, shudder

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tapa
Positive present -natapa Subjunctive -tape Negative -tapi Imperative singular tapa
Infinitives
Positive kutapa Negative kutotapa
Imperatives
Singular tapa Plural tapeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutapa Positive past positive subject concord + -litapa Negative past negative subject concord + -kutapa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natapa) Singular Plural 1st person ninatapa/natapa tunatapa 2nd person unatapa mnatapa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatapa wanatapa other classes positive subject concord + -natapa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tapi) Singular Plural 1st person sitapi hatutapi 2nd person hutapi hamtapi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatapi hawatapi other classes negative subject concord + -tapi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatapa Negative future negative subject concord + -tatapa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tape) Singular Plural 1st person nitape tutape 2nd person utape mtape 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atape watape other classes positive subject concord + -tape
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitape Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetapa Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetapa Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitapa Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitapa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atapa) Singular Plural 1st person natapa twatapa 2nd person watapa mwatapa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atapa watapa m-mi(III/IV) watapa yatapa ji-ma(V/VI) latapa yatapa ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatapa vyatapa n(IX/X) yatapa zatapa u(XI) watapa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatapa pa(XVI) patapa mu(XVIII) mwatapa
Perfect positive subject concord + -metapa "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatapa "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatapa "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitapa "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotapa Consecutive katapa / positive subject concord + -katapa Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katape
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nitapa -tutapa 2nd person -kutapa -watapa/-kutapeni/-watapeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtapa -watapa m-mi(III/IV) -utapa -itapa ji-ma(V/VI) -litapa -yatapa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitapa -vitapa n(IX/X) -itapa -zitapa u(XI) -utapa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutapa pa(XVI) -patapa mu(XVIII) -mutapa Reflexive -jitapa
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tapa- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -tapaye -tapao m-mi(III/IV) -tapao -tapayo ji-ma(V/VI) -tapalo -tapayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tapacho -tapavyo n(IX/X) -tapayo -tapazo u(XI) -tapao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -tapako pa(XVI) -tapapo mu(XVIII) -tapamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tapa) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetapa -otapa m-mi(III/IV) -otapa -yotapa ji-ma(V/VI) -lotapa -yotapa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotapa -vyotapa n(IX/X) -yotapa -zotapa u(XI) -otapa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotapa pa(XVI) -potapa mu(XVIII) -motapa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapa, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *Capa. May be related to तप (tapa, “heat”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈtapa/ [ˈt̪aː.pɐ] (“jerked meat, jerky”, noun; “jerked”, adjective)
    • Rhymes: -apa
  • IPA^(key): /taˈpa/ [t̪ɐˈpa] (“smoked”, adjective)
    • Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ta‧pa

Noun

tapa (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜉ)

1. jerked meat; jerky (especially beef or pork)

Derived terms

• magtapa
• tapahan
• tapahin
• tatapahin

Adjective

tapa (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜉ)

1. jerked; preserved by jerking

   Synonym: tinapa

Adjective

tapá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜉ)

1. smoked; cured by exposure to smoke (of meat or fish)

Derived terms

• tinapa

Anagrams

• pata, apat

Ternate

Etymology

Adapted from Malay tampal or tempel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈta.pa]

Verb

tapa

1. (transitive) to patch something

Conjugation

Conjugation of tapa

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		totapa	fotapa	mitapa
2nd person		notapa	nitapa
3rd person	masculine	otapa	itapa yotapa (archaic)
	feminine	motapa
	neuter	itapa

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tapa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.pa/

Noun

tapa

1. tapa (bordered Polynesian cloth)
2. edge; border

Descendants

• → English: tapa

Venda

Verb

tapa

1. to flick

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tapa.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈtɑpɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

1. way, manner
2. custom
3. nature, character

Inflection

Declension of tapa (type III/jalkõ, p-v gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	tapa	tavad
genitive	tava	tapojõ, tapoi
partitive	tappa	tapoitõ, tapoi
illative	tappasõ, tappa	tapoisõ
inessive	tavaz	tapoiz
elative	tavassõ	tapoissõ
allative	tavalõ	tapoilõ
adessive	tavallõ	tapoillõ
ablative	tavaltõ	tapoiltõ
translative	tavassi	tapoissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “tapa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Zulu

Verb

-tâpa

1. to extract, to take out
2. to demolish

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukutapa
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukutapa	ukungatapi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	tapa	-tape
Plural	tapani	-tapeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyatapa, ngitapa	engitapayo, engitapa	ngitapa	angitapi	engingatapi	ngingatapi
2nd singular	uyatapa, utapa	otapayo, otapa	utapa	awutapi	ongatapi	ungatapi
1st plural	siyatapa, sitapa	esitapayo, esitapa	sitapa	asitapi	esingatapi	singatapi
2nd plural	niyatapa, nitapa	enitapayo, enitapa	nitapa	anitapi	eningatapi	ningatapi
Class 1	uyatapa, utapa	otapayo, otapa	etapa	akatapi	ongatapi	engatapi
Class 2	bayatapa, batapa	abatapayo, abatapa	betapa	abatapi	abangatapi	bengatapi
Class 3	uyatapa, utapa	otapayo, otapa	utapa	awutapi	ongatapi	ungatapi
Class 4	iyatapa, itapa	etapayo, etapa	itapa	ayitapi	engatapi	ingatapi
Class 5	liyatapa, litapa	elitapayo, elitapa	litapa	alitapi	elingatapi	lingatapi
Class 6	ayatapa, atapa	atapayo, atapa	etapa	awatapi	angatapi	engatapi
Class 7	siyatapa, sitapa	esitapayo, esitapa	sitapa	asitapi	esingatapi	singatapi
Class 8	ziyatapa, zitapa	ezitapayo, ezitapa	zitapa	azitapi	ezingatapi	zingatapi
Class 9	iyatapa, itapa	etapayo, etapa	itapa	ayitapi	engatapi	ingatapi
Class 10	ziyatapa, zitapa	ezitapayo, ezitapa	zitapa	azitapi	ezingatapi	zingatapi
Class 11	luyatapa, lutapa	olutapayo, olutapa	lutapa	alutapi	olungatapi	lungatapi
Class 14	buyatapa, butapa	obutapayo, obutapa	butapa	abutapi	obungatapi	bungatapi
Class 15	kuyatapa, kutapa	okutapayo, okutapa	kutapa	akutapi	okungatapi	kungatapi
Class 17	kuyatapa, kutapa	okutapayo, okutapa	kutapa	akutapi	okungatapi	kungatapi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngitapile, ngitapē	engitapile, engitapē	ngitapile, ngitapē	angitapanga	engingatapanga	ngingatapanga
2nd singular	utapile, utapē	otapile, otapē	utapile, utapē	awutapanga	ongatapanga	ungatapanga
1st plural	sitapile, sitapē	esitapile, esitapē	sitapile, sitapē	asitapanga	esingatapanga	singatapanga
2nd plural	nitapile, nitapē	enitapile, enitapē	nitapile, nitapē	anitapanga	eningatapanga	ningatapanga
Class 1	utapile, utapē	otapile, otapē	etapile, etapē	akatapanga	ongatapanga	engatapanga
Class 2	batapile, batapē	abatapile, abatapē	betapile, betapē	abatapanga	abangatapanga	bengatapanga
Class 3	utapile, utapē	otapile, otapē	utapile, utapē	awutapanga	ongatapanga	ungatapanga
Class 4	itapile, itapē	etapile, etapē	itapile, itapē	ayitapanga	engatapanga	ingatapanga
Class 5	litapile, litapē	elitapile, elitapē	litapile, litapē	alitapanga	elingatapanga	lingatapanga
Class 6	atapile, atapē	atapile, atapē	etapile, etapē	awatapanga	angatapanga	engatapanga
Class 7	sitapile, sitapē	esitapile, esitapē	sitapile, sitapē	asitapanga	esingatapanga	singatapanga
Class 8	zitapile, zitapē	ezitapile, ezitapē	zitapile, zitapē	azitapanga	ezingatapanga	zingatapanga
Class 9	itapile, itapē	etapile, etapē	itapile, itapē	ayitapanga	engatapanga	ingatapanga
Class 10	zitapile, zitapē	ezitapile, ezitapē	zitapile, zitapē	azitapanga	ezingatapanga	zingatapanga
Class 11	lutapile, lutapē	olutapile, olutapē	lutapile, lutapē	alutapanga	olungatapanga	lungatapanga
Class 14	butapile, butapē	obutapile, obutapē	butapile, butapē	abutapanga	obungatapanga	bungatapanga
Class 15	kutapile, kutapē	okutapile, okutapē	kutapile, kutapē	akutapanga	okungatapanga	kungatapanga
Class 17	kutapile, kutapē	okutapile, okutapē	kutapile, kutapē	akutapanga	okungatapanga	kungatapanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngātapa	engātapa	ngātapa	angitapanga	engingatapanga	ngingatapanga
2nd singular	wātapa	owātapa	wātapa	awutapanga	ongatapanga	ungatapanga
1st plural	sātapa	esātapa	sātapa	asitapanga	esingatapanga	singatapanga
2nd plural	nātapa	enātapa	nātapa	anitapanga	eningatapanga	ningatapanga
Class 1	wātapa	owātapa	ātapa	akatapanga	ongatapanga	engatapanga
Class 2	bātapa	abātapa	bātapa	abatapanga	abangatapanga	bengatapanga
Class 3	wātapa	owātapa	wātapa	awutapanga	ongatapanga	ungatapanga
Class 4	yātapa	eyātapa	yātapa	ayitapanga	engatapanga	ingatapanga
Class 5	lātapa	elātapa	lātapa	alitapanga	elingatapanga	lingatapanga
Class 6	ātapa	ātapa	ātapa	awatapanga	angatapanga	engatapanga
Class 7	sātapa	esātapa	sātapa	asitapanga	esingatapanga	singatapanga
Class 8	zātapa	ezātapa	zātapa	azitapanga	ezingatapanga	zingatapanga
Class 9	yātapa	eyātapa	yātapa	ayitapanga	engatapanga	ingatapanga
Class 10	zātapa	ezātapa	zātapa	azitapanga	ezingatapanga	zingatapanga
Class 11	lwātapa	olwātapa	lwātapa	alutapanga	olungatapanga	lungatapanga
Class 14	bātapa	obātapa	bātapa	abutapanga	obungatapanga	bungatapanga
Class 15	kwātapa	okwātapa	kwātapa	akutapanga	okungatapanga	kungatapanga
Class 17	kwātapa	okwātapa	kwātapa	akutapanga	okungatapanga	kungatapanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingatapa	—	ngingatapa	ngingetape	—	ngingetape
2nd singular	ungatapa	—	ungatapa	ungetape	—	ungetape
1st plural	singatapa	—	singatapa	singetape	—	singetape
2nd plural	ningatapa	—	ningatapa	ningetape	—	ningetape
Class 1	angatapa	—	engatapa	angetape	—	engetape
Class 2	bangatapa	—	bengatapa	bangetape	—	bengetape
Class 3	ungatapa	—	ungatapa	ungetape	—	ungetape
Class 4	ingatapa	—	ingatapa	ingetape	—	ingetape
Class 5	lingatapa	—	lingatapa	lingetape	—	lingetape
Class 6	angatapa	—	engatapa	angetape	—	engetape
Class 7	singatapa	—	singatapa	singetape	—	singetape
Class 8	zingatapa	—	zingatapa	zingetape	—	zingetape
Class 9	ingatapa	—	ingatapa	ingetape	—	ingetape
Class 10	zingatapa	—	zingatapa	zingetape	—	zingetape
Class 11	lungatapa	—	lungatapa	lungetape	—	lungetape
Class 14	bungatapa	—	bungatapa	bungetape	—	bungetape
Class 15	kungatapa	—	kungatapa	kungetape	—	kungetape
Class 17	kungatapa	—	kungatapa	kungetape	—	kungetape
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizotapa	engizotapa	ngizotapa	angizutapa	engingezutapa	ngingezutapa
2nd singular	uzotapa	ozotapa	uzotapa	awuzutapa	ongezutapa	ungezutapa
1st plural	sizotapa	esizotapa	sizotapa	asizutapa	esingezutapa	singezutapa
2nd plural	nizotapa	enizotapa	nizotapa	anizutapa	eningezutapa	ningezutapa
Class 1	uzotapa	ozotapa	ezotapa	akazutapa	ongezutapa	engezutapa
Class 2	bazotapa	abazotapa	bezotapa	abazutapa	abangezutapa	bengezutapa
Class 3	uzotapa	ozotapa	uzotapa	awuzutapa	ongezutapa	ungezutapa
Class 4	izotapa	ezotapa	izotapa	ayizutapa	engezutapa	ingezutapa
Class 5	lizotapa	elizotapa	lizotapa	alizutapa	elingezutapa	lingezutapa
Class 6	azotapa	azotapa	ezotapa	awazutapa	angezutapa	engezutapa
Class 7	sizotapa	esizotapa	sizotapa	asizutapa	esingezutapa	singezutapa
Class 8	zizotapa	ezizotapa	zizotapa	azizutapa	ezingezutapa	zingezutapa
Class 9	izotapa	ezotapa	izotapa	ayizutapa	engezutapa	ingezutapa
Class 10	zizotapa	ezizotapa	zizotapa	azizutapa	ezingezutapa	zingezutapa
Class 11	luzotapa	oluzotapa	luzotapa	aluzutapa	olungezutapa	lungezutapa
Class 14	buzotapa	obuzotapa	buzotapa	abuzutapa	obungezutapa	bungezutapa
Class 15	kuzotapa	okuzotapa	kuzotapa	akuzutapa	okungezutapa	kungezutapa
Class 17	kuzotapa	okuzotapa	kuzotapa	akuzutapa	okungezutapa	kungezutapa
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyotapa	engiyotapa	ngiyotapa	angiyutapa	engingeyutapa	ngingeyutapa
2nd singular	uyotapa	oyotapa	uyotapa	awuyutapa	ongeyutapa	ungeyutapa
1st plural	siyotapa	esiyotapa	siyotapa	asiyutapa	esingeyutapa	singeyutapa
2nd plural	niyotapa	eniyotapa	niyotapa	aniyutapa	eningeyutapa	ningeyutapa
Class 1	uyotapa	oyotapa	eyotapa	akayutapa	ongeyutapa	engeyutapa
Class 2	bayotapa	abayotapa	beyotapa	abayutapa	abangeyutapa	bengeyutapa
Class 3	uyotapa	oyotapa	uyotapa	awuyutapa	ongeyutapa	ungeyutapa
Class 4	iyotapa	eyotapa	iyotapa	ayiyutapa	engeyutapa	ingeyutapa
Class 5	liyotapa	eliyotapa	liyotapa	aliyutapa	elingeyutapa	lingeyutapa
Class 6	ayotapa	ayotapa	eyotapa	awayutapa	angeyutapa	engeyutapa
Class 7	siyotapa	esiyotapa	siyotapa	asiyutapa	esingeyutapa	singeyutapa
Class 8	ziyotapa	eziyotapa	ziyotapa	aziyutapa	ezingeyutapa	zingeyutapa
Class 9	iyotapa	eyotapa	iyotapa	ayiyutapa	engeyutapa	ingeyutapa
Class 10	ziyotapa	eziyotapa	ziyotapa	aziyutapa	ezingeyutapa	zingeyutapa
Class 11	luyotapa	oluyotapa	luyotapa	aluyutapa	olungeyutapa	lungeyutapa
Class 14	buyotapa	obuyotapa	buyotapa	abuyutapa	obungeyutapa	bungeyutapa
Class 15	kuyotapa	okuyotapa	kuyotapa	akuyutapa	okungeyutapa	kungeyutapa
Class 17	kuyotapa	okuyotapa	kuyotapa	akuyutapa	okungeyutapa	kungeyutapa
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngitape	ngingatapi
2nd singular	utape	ungatapi
1st plural	sitape	singatapi
2nd plural	nitape	ningatapi
Class 1	atape	angatapi
Class 2	batape	bangatapi
Class 3	utape	ungatapi
Class 4	itape	ingatapi
Class 5	litape	lingatapi
Class 6	atape	angatapi
Class 7	sitape	singatapi
Class 8	zitape	zingatapi
Class 9	itape	ingatapi
Class 10	zitape	zingatapi
Class 11	lutape	lungatapi
Class 14	butape	bungatapi
Class 15	kutape	kungatapi
Class 17	kutape	kungatapi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngatapa	ngangatapa, angatapa, angangatapa
2nd singular	watapa	wangatapa, awatapa, awangatapa
1st plural	satapa	sangatapa, asatapa, asangatapa
2nd plural	natapa	nangatapa, anatapa, anangatapa
Class 1	watapa	wangatapa, akatapa, akangatapa
Class 2	batapa	bangatapa, abatapa, abangatapa
Class 3	watapa	wangatapa, awatapa, awangatapa
Class 4	yatapa	yangatapa, ayatapa, ayangatapa
Class 5	latapa	langatapa, alatapa, alangatapa
Class 6	atapa	angatapa, awatapa, awangatapa
Class 7	satapa	sangatapa, asatapa, asangatapa
Class 8	zatapa	zangatapa, azatapa, azangatapa
Class 9	yatapa	yangatapa, ayatapa, ayangatapa
Class 10	zatapa	zangatapa, azatapa, azangatapa
Class 11	lwatapa	lwangatapa, alwatapa, alwangatapa
Class 14	batapa	bangatapa, abatapa, abangatapa
Class 15	kwatapa	kwangatapa, akwatapa, akwangatapa
Class 17	kwatapa	kwangatapa, akwatapa, akwangatapa

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “tapa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “tapa (3.9)”