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The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org/web/20150413192731/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/mart1991.htm
American manned Mars expedition. Study 1991. Mars Semi-Direct was a NASA concept bridge between Zubrin's Mars Direct and NASA's Design Reference Mission 1.0. It was essentially a low-cost version of Boeing's STCAEM.
Mars Semi-Direct Mission Summary:
Summary: Concept bridge between Mars Direct and Design Reference Mission 1.0; low cost STCAEM
Propulsion: Nuclear thermal
Braking at Mars: aerodynamic
Mission Type: conjunction
Split or All-Up: split
ISRU: ISRU
Launch Year: 1997
Crew: 4
Mars Surface payload-metric tons: 40
Outbound time-days: 180
Mars Stay Time-days: 550
Return Time-days: 170
Total Mission Time-days: 900
Total Payload Required in Low Earth Orbit-metric tons: 220
Total Propellant Required-metric tons: 170
Propellant Fraction: 0.77
Mass per crew-metric tons: 55
Launch Vehicle Payload to LEO-metric tons: 105
Number of Launches Required to Assemble Payload in Low Earth Orbit: 2
Mars Expeditions Since Wernher von Braun first sketched out his Marsprojekt in 1946, a succession of designs and mission profiles were seriously studied in the United States and the Soviet Union. By the late 1960's Von Braun had come to favour nuclear thermal rocket powered expeditions, while his Soviet counterpart Korolev decided that nuclear electric propulsion was the way to go. All such work stopped in both countries in the 1970's, after the cancellation of the Apollo program in the United States and the N1 booster in the Soviet Union. More...
Associated Manufacturers and Agencies
NASA American agency overseeing development of rockets and spacecraft. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA, USA. More...
Bibliography
Griffin, Brand; Thomas, Brent; Vaughan, Diane, A Comparison of Transportation Systems for Human Missions to Mars, AIAA 2004-3834, 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit ,11-14 July 2004.
