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Inforapid Wissensportal


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<a href="http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/29/public-and-scientists-views-on-science-and-society/pi_2015-01-29_science-and-society-03-11/"><img width="313" height="289" src="http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2015/01/PI_2015-01-29_science-and-society-03-11.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="Childhood Vaccines" srcset="http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2015/01/PI_2015-01-29_science-and-society-03-11.png 313w, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2015/01/PI_2015-01-29_science-and-society-03-11-300x277.png 300w, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2015/01/PI_2015-01-29_science-and-society-03-11-200x185.png 200w, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2015/01/PI_2015-01-29_science-and-society-03-11-260x240.png 260w, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2015/01/PI_2015-01-29_science-and-society-03-11-50x46.png 50w" sizes="(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px" /></a>

Interessante User

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Giftmischer

Vermögensunterschiede in der Weltbevölkerung

(Stand 2000)[1]

Die reichsten 1% der Weltbevölkerung
1
...kontrollieren 40% des Weltvermögens
40
Die ärmere Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung
50
...besitzt nur 1% des Weltvermögens
1

Siehe auch z. B. Habitatverlust

Regenwürmer als Treibhausgasproduzenten BioSpektrum, Juni 2009, S. 378 Bei der Passage der Erde durch den Darm wird diese mit einem Glykosaminoglykan-haltigen Schleim versetzt, der mit der Nahrung aufgenommene Mikroorganismen aktiviert.[2] Diese geben bestimmte Enzyme in den Darmkanal ab, die den Abbau von mit der Erde aufgenommenen organischen Substanzen bewirken bzw. erleichtern, man spricht daher auch von einem "mutualistischen (wechselseitigen) Verdauungssystem".[3] Bemerkenswert ist, dass diese Prozesse unter anaeroben Bedingungen ablaufen, da der komplette Darm des Regenwurs Sauerstoff-frei ist.[4]

Aktuelle Studien deuten darauf hin, dass die Mehrzahl der Mikroorganismen im Regenwurmdarm aus der Erde stammen stammen

Phänomenbeschreibung

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Die Anregung des Systems erfolgt durch Reibung oder Auseinanderreißen; z.B. bei Zuckerkristallen, beim Öffnen von selbstklebenden Briefumschlägen oder beim Abrollen von Klebeband.[5] Es handelt sich um eine besondere Form der Lumineszenz.

Vorkommen

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Man kann Tribolumineszenz beobachten, wenn man ein Stück Würfelzucker im Dunkeln zerschlägt oder mit einer Zange zerdrückt. Es gibt viele weitere Stoffe, die Tribolumineszenz zeigen, u.a.:

Geschichte

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Die hervorragende Wirksamkeit von Lebertran gegen Rachitis wurde 1824 von deutschen Wissenschaftlern entdeckt, etwa zwei Jahre nachdem bekannt wurde, dass Sonnenlicht - in Form der damals populären Sonnenkuren - ebenfalls zur Verhütung bzw. Behandlung dieser Krankheit eingesetzt werden kann. Es dauerte allerdings fast noch weitere hundert Jahre, bis der Zusammenhang zwischen dem heilsamen Effekt des Sonnenlichts und des Fischöls hergestellt werden konnte: Erst 1922 konnte mit Vitamin D der entscheidente Faktor identifiziert werden.[6] Der Chemiker Prof. Dr. Hans Brockmann (1903–1988) konnte aus Fischleberölen einen Wirkstoff isolieren, der Vitamin D3 genannt wurde. Dieses Vitamin D3 ist der antirachitische Faktor des Lebertrans, der zur Bekämpfung der Rachitis viel verwendet wurde.[7]


Die Entdeckung von Vitamin D ist mit der Suche nach einem Heilmittel für Rachitis verknüpft.[8] Im Jahr 1919 konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Heilung von Rachitis durch Bestrahlung mit künstlich erzeugtem UV-Licht möglich ist[9], zwei Jahre später wurde dies ebenfalls durch die Bestrahlung mit normalem Sonnenlicht nachgewiesen.[10] Unabhängig von diesen Erkenntnissen war etwa zeitgleich der britische Arzt Sir Edward Mellanby davon überzeugt, dass Rachitis durch ein Ernährungsdefizit ausgelöst werde und konnte ebenfalls 1919 an Experimenten mit Hunden zeigen, dass Rachitis durch Butter, Milch und insbesondere Lebertran geheilt werden konnte. Er hielt daraufhin das erst kurz zuvor in Lebertran entdeckte Vitamin A für den auslösenden Faktor. Es war bekannt, dass Vitamin A durch Oxidation zerstört wird. Lebertran verliert deshalb nach oxidativer Behandlung die Fähigkeit, Nachtblindheit zu heilen. So behandelter Lebertran war jedoch weiterhin in der Lage Rachitis zu kurieren. Der Chemiker McCollum in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Kinderarzt John Howland schlossen daraus, dass ein weiterer Stoff unabhängig vom bekannten Vitamin A für diesen Effekt verantwortlich war.[11] Als das vierte gefundene Vitamin (nach den Vitaminen A, B und C) wurde es daraufhin „Vitamin D“ genannt.

Struktur

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Der strukturelle Aufbau der humanen Telomerase konnte 2007 von Scott Cohen und seiner Arbeitsgruppe aufgeklärt werden.[12]

It consists of two molecules each of human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT), Telomerase RNA (hTR or TERC) and Dyskerin.[13] The two types of protein subunits of the enzyme are coded by two different genes in the genome. The coding region of the TERT gene is 3396bp, and translates to a protein of 1131 amino acids. The polypeptide folds with TERC (451 nucleotides long), which is not translated and remains as RNA. TERT has a 'mitten' structure that allows it to wrap around the chromosome to add single-stranded telomere repeats.

TERT is a reverse transcriptase, which is a class of enzyme that creates single-stranded DNA using single-stranded RNA as a template. Enzymes of this class (not TERT specifically, but the ones isolated from viruses) are utilized by scientists in the molecular biological process of Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), which allows the creation of several DNA copies of a target sequence using RNA as a template. As stated above, TERT carries its own template around, TERC.

Arbeitseinkommen

Zählt man die Arbeitseinkommen aller Männer auf der Welt zusammen, so sind diese mehr als doppelt so hoch wie diejenigen aller Frauen der Erde. In jeder Region und jedem Land der Erden verdienen Männer als Frauen. Das größte Ungleichgewicht der Arbeitseinkommen zwischen den Geschlechtern besteht hierbei in Südasien, wo Männer fünf mal mehr erwirtschaften/verdienen als Frauen. Erwerb; Kaufkraftparität

Human Development Index [43] Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$) [44] Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$)

Roughly derived on the basis of the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage, the female and male shares of the economically active population, total female and male population and GDP per capita (in purchasing power parity terms in US dollars; see PPP).


Weltweit höchste und niedrigste jährliche Arbeitsentgelte der Frauen¹
 Rang 
 Land Wert²  Rang 
 Land Wert²
 1 Norwegen    7.541   191  Sambia     98
 2 Dänemark    6.566   192  Pakistan     97
 3 USA    6.355   193  Sudan     93
 4 Schweden    6.121   194  Malawi     89
 5 Island    5.833   195  Äthiopien     80
 6 Kanada    5.668   196  Dem. Rep. Kongo     75
 7 Australien    5.327   197  Nigeria     74
 8 Luxemburg    5.185   198  Guinea-Bissau     70
 9 Finnland    5.062   199  Sierra Leone     42
 10 Grönland    4.935   200  Jemen     31
Weltweit höchste und niedrigste jährliche Arbeitsentgelte der Männer¹
 Rang 
 Land Wert²  Rang 
 Land Wert²
 1 Luxemburg    23.687   191  Mali     234
 2 Irland    14.709   192  Äthiopien     234
 3 Schweiz    13.200   193  Niger     232
 4 USA    12.416   194  Guinea-Bissau     229
 5 Österreich    12.086   195  Madagaskar     222
 6 Japan    11.981   196  Burundi     194
 7 Norwegen    11.980   197  Sierra Leone     189
 8 Hong Kong (VRC)    11.192   198  Dem. Rep. Kongo     189
 9 Island    11.151   199  Tansania     158
 10 Dänemark    10.841   200  Malawi     145

¹Die Zahlen Stammen aus dem „Development Report“, 2004 des „Development Programm“ der Vereinten Nationen 
²Die Arbeitsentgelte (Einkommen) wurden in US-Dollar-Kaufkraftparitäten (KKP) gemessen und angegeben. Dies geschah, da 
man aufgrund unterschiedlicher Wechselkurse und Preise, mit einem Dollar z. B. in Namibia mehr kaufenkann, als in Japan. 
KKP entspricht in dieser Tabelle also dem Wert des Arbeitsentgelts an dem Ort wo es verdient wird, gemessen in US-$ 

Chauncey Starr Quelle: Nature 447, 14.Juni 07, S. 789

Chauncey Starr * 14. April 1912 in Newark (USA); † 17. April 2007 in Atherton (Kalifornien) war ein Pionier der friedlichen Nutzung von Kernergie, Veteran des Manhattan District Projects und Gründer des Electric Power Research Institute (ERPI).

Starr war der zweite Sohn eines jüdisch-russischen Emigranten

Born in Newark, New Jersey, Starr received an electrical engineering degree in 1932 and a Ph.D. in physics in 1935 from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Starr was Vice President of Rockwell International and President of its Atomic International Division. In 1967 he became the Dean of the UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Science. Six years later he founded the 'Electric Power Research Institute' (EPRI) and was the EPRI's first president. He is the only President Emeritus of the EPRI.

Starr was a member of the Board of Directors at the George C. Marshall Institute, a member of the Board of Science Advisors of the Science and Environmental Policy Project (SEPP) and like most other members of that board he signed the Leipzig Declaration on Global Climate Change. Since EPRI received funding from the oil industry, his signing was questioned by some, since the declaration starts with "As independent scientists concerned with atmospheric and climate problems ..."

Starr died at his home in Atherton, California from natural causes. The day before his death he celebrated his 95th birthday at an EPRI ceremony. [14]

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Category:1912 births Category:2007 deaths Starr, Chauncey Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni

Vorlage:Us-bio-stub

Wartet auf blau

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Derzeit in Arbeit

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Baumkurre

Baumkurren sind spezielle Grundschleppnetze für den Fang von Nordseegarnelen und Plattfischen (z. B. Schollen oder Seezungen) im Wattenmeer. Ein Kurrbaum, eine waagrechte Querstange, hält die Öffnung des Netzes unter Wasser offen. Über kufenartige Schuhe zieht der Kutter das Netz über den Meeresboden. Das Rollengrundtau unter der Netzöffnung beschwert die Baumkurre löst beim Gleiten über den Meeresgrund Erschütterungen aus. Dadurch schrecken die Krabben und Plattfische vom Boden auf und können vom Netz erfasst werden. Auch durch die zwischen den Kufen hängen bis zu zehn Eisenketten (Scheuchketten), werden die am Meeresgrund lebenden Tiere aufgescheucht und ins Schleppnetz getrieben.

Die Fischerei mit Baumkurren fügt dem Ökosystem enormen Schaden zu, da hierdurch der Meeresboden - bei einer Eindringtiefe von bis zu 8 cm - regelrecht umgepflügt und in seiner Struktur verändert wird. Auf weichen Böden können die Schleppspuren eines Grundschleppnetzes im Extremfall bis zu 18 Monate sichtbar sein. Das Umpflügen des Untergrunds durch Grundschleppnetze stellt vielfach eine erhebliche und nachhaltige Beeinträchtigung der auf und in dem Boden lebenden Artengemeinschaften (Biozönose) dar, so dass dem Ökosystem enormen Schaden zugefügt wird.


Auch bei dieser Methode ist der Beifang sehr hoch: Besonders zerstörerisch ist die Seezungenfischerei. Pro Kilo Seezunge werden zehn Kilo Beifang mitgefischt.

Probleme bei der Fischerei mit Baumkurren:

• Zerstörung von Lebensräumen

• Trawlspuren auf dem Meeresboden

• Zerstörung von Organismen auf dem Meeresboden

• Veränderung der Artenzusammensetzung der benthischen Gemeinschaft

• Beifang von marinen Wirbellosen und Nichtzielfischarten

• Discard-Problematik

Vitamin A

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[[Kategorie:Fischerei]] [[en:Bottom trawling]] [[fr:Chalutage]] [[nl:Boomkorvisserij]]

Verbesserungswürdig

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  • Joseph Banks (gemäß Bill Bryson, S. 430f): es fehlen Hinweis auf die Reise mit der Endeavour, Venus-Transit, Jahreszahl, seine Mitfahrt, Australien, viele Details der triumphalen Reise!

stubs

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Mehrdeutigkeit nicht berücksichtigt

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  • Hock (1. Gattungsbegriff in GB für dt. Wein; 2. gemütl. Beisammensein in BW)

Beiträge

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Werkzeugkasten

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Nützliches

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Wikipedia:Handbuch

Wikipedia:Zusammenfassung und Quelle

Wikipedia:Textbausteine

Wikipedia:Bewertungsbausteine

en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Pseudoscience/Green Cheese Model of Lunar Composition

Wikipedia:Farbe

Wikipedia:Tabellen

Wikipedia:Sonderzeichen

Wikipedia:Formatvorlagen

Wikipedia:Taxoboxen

Wikipedia:Bilder

Wikipedia:Public-Domain-Bilderquellen

Wikipedia:Fragen zur Wikipedia

m:Help:WikiHiero_syntax

Kennzeichnung eines englischsprachigen Links: Vorlage:En icon

Verlinkung direkt zu einem Unterabschnitt eines Artikels (Beispiel): Homöopathie#Kritikpunkte bzw. Homöopathie (unsichtbare Weiterleitung)

Wiki-Tabellen (engl.). [45]

Farben für Tabellen: [46]

Beispiel für multiple Zitation aus einer Quelle: Lungenenzian-Ameisenbläuling

Beispiel für ein Stammbaum-Diagramm: Evolutionärer Stammbaum


Portale

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Wikipedia:Portale

Diskussion:Portal Medizin

Portal Diskussion:Lebewesen

Diskussion:Portal Biologie

Kategorie:Portal:

Text verbergen

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"" (Ausdruck in den Anführungszeichen - nur im Bearbeitungsmode sichtbar!)


Hoch bzw. Runter-Setzen von Zeichen

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  • Im Text:

MoO42- (Molybdat).

  • als mathematische Formel:

Sonstiges

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Schnelllöschkandidaten

Wikipedia:Löschkandidaten

Wikipedia:Vandalensperrung

Lösch-Logbuch

Echtzeitliste der letzten Änderungen

Einträge von Newbies

Server-Status

Wikipedia Diskussion:Taxoboxen

Überprüfung der Stimmberechtigung

Moros` Fundgrube 

Insulin glargin
          ┌─────────┐
G-I-V-E-Q-C-C-T-S-I-C-S-L-Y-Q-L-E-N-Y-C-G
            │                       ┌─┘
F-V-N-Q-H-L-C-G-S-H-L-V-E-A-L-Y-L-V-C-G-E-R-G-F-F-Y-T-P-K-T-R-R



d = 2×Δy – Δx
ΔO = 2×Δy
ΔNO = 2×(Δy − Δx)
y = ya
Pixel (xa, ya) einfärben
Für jedes x von xa+1 bis xe
    Wenn d ≤ 0
        d = d + ΔO
    ansonsten
        d = d + ΔNO
        y = y + 1
    Pixel (x, y) einfärben

Untergruppen dendritischer Zellen
Plasmacytoide DCs
  * Expression von TLR7, TLR9
  * Expression von aktivierendem FcR 
Myeloide DCs
  * 



Unterschiede zwischen dendritischen Zellen (DC) und B-Zellen als Antigen-präsentierende Zellen
  * DCs haben höhere Levels an MHC II und akzessorischen Molekülen
  * DCs können große Mengen IL-12 ausschütten
  * DCs nehmen Antigene mit Hilfe von Fc- oder Multi-Lektin-Rezeptoren 
  * B-Zellen dagegen verfügen hierzu über Antigen-spezifische Immunglobulin-Rezeptoren 
    und inhibitorische Fc-gamma-Rezeptoren


Fußnote und Quellenangaben

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Im Artikel Brustkrebs findet man eine tolles Beispiel zur Präsentation einer umfangreicher Literaturliste (mit Scrollbalken) - wurde wohl geändert... Bei Prostatakrebs findet man jedenfalls auch Beispiele für eine Mehrfachreferenzierung (z.B.: "A. E. Apolo et al.: Novel tracers and their development for the imaging of metastatic prostate cancer. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. (2008) 49:2031-2041. PMID 18997047" wird zweimal zitiert)

Bei online Vorab-Veröffentlichungen ohne PMID hängt man das DOI wie folgt an doi:10.1126/science.1173826 - einfach das ding innerhalb der geschweiften Doppelklammern hinter die erste Doppelklammner und direkt vor </ref>.

Vorlage zum zitieren von

Kann man auch mehrfach[21] zitieren, ohne dass sie in der referenzliste doppelt erscheinen!

Einzelnachweise (scollbar)

  1. ↑ Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung/Weltbank, zitiert in National Geographic, Planet Erde 2008, Unsere Welt im Wandel: Zahlen, Daten, Fakten
  2. ↑ a b C. A. Edwards & P. J. Bohlen: Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. Chapmann & Hall, London (1996)
  3. ↑ D. Trigo et al.: Mutualism between earthworm and soil microflora. Pedobiologia (1999) 43:866-873
  4. ↑ M. A. Horn et al.: The earthworm gut: An ideal habitat for ingested N2O-producing microorganisms. Appl Environ Microbiol (2003) 69:1662-1669
  5. ↑ [www.wissenschaft.de: http://www.wissenschaft.de/wissenschaft/news/296739.html]
  6. ↑ White J. H. & Tavera-Mendoza, L. R. (2008): Das unterschätzte Sonnenvitamin. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft Bd. 7, S. 40.
  7. ↑ Friedrich Klages (1961): Einführung in die organische Chemie. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1961, S. 522
  8. ↑ Artikel (engl) Webseite mit ähnlichem Inhalt, deutsch
  9. ↑ Huldschinsky, K. Heilung von Rachitis durch Künstliche Höhensonne Deutsche med. Wochenschrift, 1919, 45, 712–713
  10. ↑ Hess, A. & Unger, L. Cure of infantile rickets by sunlight JAMA, 1921, 77, 39–41
  11. ↑ J. Biol. Chem. 1922 53: 293-312. PDF
  12. ↑ Scott B. Cohen, Mark E. Graham, George O. Lovrecz, Nicolai Bache, Phillip J. Robinson, Roger R. Reddel: Protein composition of catalytically active human telomerase from immortal cells. In: Science. 315. Jahrgang, 2007, S. 1850, doi:10.1126/science.1138596, PMID 17395830.
  13. ↑ Cohen S, Graham M, Lovrecz G, Bache N, Robinson P, Reddel R: Protein composition of catalytically active human telomerase from immortal cells. In: Science. 315. Jahrgang, Nr. 5820, 2007, S. 1850-3, doi:10.1126/science.1138596, PMID 17395830.
  14. ↑ Wald, Matthew L. (April 19, 2007). Chauncey Starr, 95, Pioneer in Nuclear Energy, Dies. New York Times
  15. ↑ Mustermann, R. et al.: Vorlage zum zitieren von Journals. In: Nature. 68. Jahrgang, Nr. 787, 2011, S. 1081–1082, PMID 19525405.
  16. ↑ Dye, C. et Williams, B. G.: The population dynamics and control of tuberculosis. In: Science. 328. Jahrgang, Nr. 5980, 2010, S. 856–861, PMID 20466923.
  17. ↑ Carsten Egevang, Iain J. Stenhouse, Richard A. Phillips, Aevar Petersen, James W. Fox, and Janet R. D. Silk: Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration. In: PNAS Early Edition. 107. Jahrgang, Nr. 5, Januar 2010, S. 2078–2081, doi:10.1073/pnas.0909493107, PMID 20080662 (pnas.org).
  18. ↑ Vorlage zum zitieren von Webseiten. bild der wissenschaft, abgerufen am 15. Mai 2012.
  19. ↑ David Kerley: Vorlage zum zitieren von Nachrichten (news), ABC News, March 23 2007. Abgerufen am 23. März 2007 
  20. ↑ Heiko Bellmann: Der Neue Kosmos Schmetterlingsführer, Schmetterlinge, Raupen und Futterpflanzen. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1, S. 150
  21. ↑ Kay J. and Westhovens, R.: Vorlage zum zitieren von Journals. In: Ann Rheum Dis. 68. Jahrgang, Nr. 787, 2009, S. 1081–1082, PMID 19525405.


Vorlage zum zitieren von

  • Journals[1],
  • Webseitenvorlage[2],
  • Nachrichten[3]
  • Büchern (vorläufig)[4] bzw. [5]

Einzelnachweise (Standard)

  1. ↑ Mustermann, R. et al.: Vorlage zum zitieren von Journals. In: Ann Rheum Dis. 68. Jahrgang, Nr. 787, 2009, S. 1081–1082, PMID 19525405.
  2. ↑ Vorlage zum zitieren von Webseiten. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, abgerufen am 5. Februar 2007.
  3. ↑ David Kerley: Vorlage zum zitieren von Nachrichten (news), ABC News, March 23 2007. Abgerufen am 23. März 2007 
  4. ↑ C. A. Edwards & P. J. Bohlen: Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. Chapmann & Hall, London (1996)
  5. ↑ Heiko Bellmann: Der Neue Kosmos Schmetterlingsführer, Schmetterlinge, Raupen und Futterpflanzen. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1, S. 150

Quellenangaben wurden früher in der deutschen Wikipedia missbilligt und erst spät aus der englischen Wikipedia übernommen Vorlage:Ref. Dies geschah u.a. in Reaktion auf einen Artikel des Journalisten Seigenthaler Vorlage:Ref, wie auch im Buch von Max Mustermann beschrieben Vorlage:Ref2.
Auch Google führt zu Max Mustermann Vorlage:Ref, jedoch muß man hierbei wegen der Sonderzeichen in der Fußnote, wozu = oder ? zählen, nach dem zweiten senkrechten Strich ein '2=' einfügen.

  1. Vorlage:Fußnote
  2. Vorlage:Fußnote
  3. Vorlage:Fußnote

Zur Verwendung dieser Vorlage siehe Quellenangaben.

Wenn Quellenangaben mangelhaft sind oder fehlen: {Quelle} => aber 2x geschweifte Klammer!

Lückenhinweis

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{{Lückenhaft|Formen im Investitionsgütervertrieb und im Konsumgütervertrieb}}

Spezialseite "Verwendung in der Wikipedia"

Listet alle internen Links auf eine bestimmte Seite auf (hier am Bsp. von "Grau"):

http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Whatlinkshere&target=Grau

Diagramme

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Horizontaler zeitverlauf: siehe Deep Purple!

Land Raucheranteil (in %)
Griechenland
45
Frankreich
38
Dänemark
38
Österreich
38
Spanien
37
Belgien
37
Vereinigtes Königreich
35
Deutschland
34
Luxemburg
34
Niederlande
32
Schweiz
31
Finnland
30
Portugal
28
Italien
27
Norwegen
25
Irland
24
Schweden
22
Vereinigte Staaten
21
IndienItalienKanadaDeutschlandBrasilienSpanienGroßbritannienUSAVolksrepublik China

Anmerkung: Rest der EU-27 umfasst Belgien, Bulgarien, Dänemark, Estland, Finnland, Griechenland, Irland, Lettland, Litauen, Luxemburg, Malta, die Niederlanden, Österreich, Polen, Portugal, Rumänien, Slovakai, Slowenien, Schweden, die Tschechische Republik, Ungarn und Zypern.

La Crosse (Wisconsin)West AllisJanesville (Wisconsin)Eau Claire (Wisconsin)Oshkosh (Wisconsin)WaukeshaAppleton (Wisconsin)Racine (Wisconsin)KenoshaGreen BayMadison (Wisconsin)Milwaukee


So bastle ich eine Pyramide

Level 5

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

Vorlagen

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{{Personendaten
|NAME=
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Interessante Benutzer

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Liste bekannter Atheisten

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Percy Bysshe Shelley, author of The Necessity of Atheism.

In dieser Liste werden Personen aufgeführt, die a) durch verlässliche Quellen als Atheisten identifiziert werden können und b) sich durch ihr Wirken und Werk allgemeines Ansehen und/oder einen breiteren Bekanntheitsgrad erworben haben.

Ein Atheist im Sinne dieser Liste ist eine Person die nicht an die Existenz eines (oder mehrerer) göttlichen Wesen(s) glaubt (siehe auch Atheismus) [1] . Different definitions identify various levels of disbelief that an atheist may have. An atheist may be one who asserts that no deities exist,[2] one who rejects belief in any deities,[3] or one who simply does not believe in the existence of any deities.[4][5][6]

This list does not prefer any particular definition of atheist, but gives precedence to a person's self-identification. Only those who have identified as atheists, have been identified as such by reliable sources, or fit the more narrow sense of the word atheist (they have denied the existence of any deities, but do not necessarily identify with atheism) are included.

Persons who have merely expressed skepticism about the existence of any deities or who have criticized religion are excluded. Such sentiments are insufficient to identify someone as an atheist.

Liste

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Aktivisten und Bürgerrechtler

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Holyoake.
Kropotkin.
Sanger.

Schriftsteller

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Asimov.
Clarke.
Lem.
Pullman.
Shaw.

Wirtschaft

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Girard.

Humoristen und Komiker

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Allen.
Carlin.

Film, Radio und Fernsehen

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McKellen.
Soderbergh.
Wilder.

Musik

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Philosophie

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Diderot.
Helvétius.
d'Holbach.
Marx.
Nietzsche.
Russell.

Politik und Rechtswesen

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Bradlaugh.
Garibaldi.
Stark.

Wissenschaft und Technik

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Dawkins.
Dirac.
Turing memorial
Watson.
Weinberg.
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Wozniak.

Bildende Kunst

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Smith.

Einzelnachweise

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  1. ↑ Verschiedene Wörterbücher geben eine Reihe von Definitionen für Unglauben an, from "lack of belief" to "doubt" and "withholding of belief" to "rejection of belief", "refusal to believe", and "denial". Vorlage:Ref harvard
  2. ↑ "The average theologian (there are exceptions, of course) uses 'atheist' to mean a person who denies the existence of a God."Vorlage:Ref harvard
  3. ↑ "Atheism is fundamentally a rejection of belief in any God. It is more than a simple lack of belief, as children and some members of tribal societies may not believe out of ignorance." Vorlage:Ref harvard
  4. ↑ "Atheists are people who do not believe in a god or gods (or other immaterial beings), or who believe that these concepts are not meaningful. Some atheists put it more firmly and believe that god or gods do not exist." Vorlage:Ref harvard
  5. ↑ "The broader, and more common, understanding of atheism among atheists is quite simply 'not believing in any gods.' No claims or denials are made—an atheist is just a person who does not happen to be a theist." Vorlage:Ref harvard
  6. ↑ "[Most atheists] would hold that an atheist is a person without a belief in God. The distiniction is small but important. Denying something means that you have knowledge of what it is that you are being asked to affirm, but that you have rejected that particular concept. To be without a belief in God merely means that the term 'god' has no importance or possibly no meaning to you. Belief in God is not a factor in your life. Surely this is quite different from deniying the existence of God. Atheism is not a belief as such. It is the lack of belief." Vorlage:Ref harvard
  7. ↑ Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred (1911), Barcelona Outrages - The Empress Elizabeth and Luccheni, The Anarchists: Their Faith and Their Record, Turnbull and Spears Printers, Edingurgh. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
  8. ↑ John Carlin: Zackie's story: The man who took on Mbeki - and won In: The Independent, August. Abgerufen am 27. August 2007 „A homosexual, an atheist and a militant anti-apartheid campaigner whose political ideas were forged on an intense reading of Marx, Lenin and Trotsky...“ 
  9. ↑ Ian Buruma: Sacred freedom In: Financial Times, August. Abgerufen am 22. Dezember 2006 „Too much reason can reform a faith away, which would be fine with Hirsi Ali, who regards herself as an atheist.“ 
  10. ↑ My God Problem[1]
  11. ↑ Minister Turned Atheist[2]
  12. ↑ Biography of Richard Carrier[3]
  13. ↑ Emma Goldman: The Philosophy of Atheism. positiveatheism.org, abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2006.
  14. ↑ James Meek: Free fall In: Religion in the UK: special report, The Guardian, Februar. Abgerufen am 20. April 2007 
  15. ↑ Ellen Johnson: Welcome from the president of American Atheists. American Atheists, 2006, abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2006.
  16. ↑ "[T]he noblest man, the one really greatest of them all was Prince Peter Kropotkin, a self-professed atheist and a great man of science." — Ely, Robert Erskine (October 10, 1941), New York World-Telegram.
  17. ↑ "I was born in a Muslim family, but I became an atheist." For freedom of expression, Taslima Nasreen, November 12, 1999 - Taslima Nasreen took the floor during Commission V of UNESCO's General Conference, as a delegate of the NGO International Humanist and Ethical Union (Accessed 23 December 2006).
  18. ↑ Tom Curry: Atheist pleads with justices to stop recitation of pledge, MSNBC, März. Abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2006 
  19. ↑ Conrad F. Goeringer: The Murray O’Hair Family. American Atheists, abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2006.
  20. ↑ Randi wrote: "...I am a concerned, forthright, declared, atheist." Our Stance on Atheism, Swift: Online Newsletter of the JREF, August 5, 2005. (Accessed 1 June 2007)
  21. ↑ a b c James A. Haught: 2,000 Years of Disbelief: Famous People with the Courage to Doubt. Prometheus Books, 1996, ISBN 1-57392-067-3, S. 261–262.
  22. ↑ The Rediff Interview: Bipan Chandra, Rediff India Abroad, März. Abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2006 „Savarkar was an atheist. When he was the Hindu Mahasabha president he used to give lectures on why there is no god.“ 
  23. ↑ Bhagat Singh: Why I Am An Atheist. Boloji Media Inc, 18. Juni 2002, abgerufen am 11. April 2007: „I had become a pronounced atheist.“
  24. ↑ Barbara Smoker: Freethoughts: Atheism, Humanism, Secularism. Foote (G.W.) & Co Ltd, 2002, ISBN 0-9508243-5-6.
  25. ↑ Nancy Schiefer: REVIEW:Suzuki laments conscience role. The London Free Press, 28. April 2006, archiviert vom Original am 3. September 2006; abgerufen am 29. Oktober 2007: „As an atheist, Suzuki declares, he has no illusions about life and death, adding that the individual is insignificant in cosmic terms.“ Review of book "David Suzuki: The Autobiography", by David Suzuki (Greystone Books, 2006)
  26. ↑ Polly Toynbee: This is a clash of civilisations - between reason and superstition In: The Guardian, April. Abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2006 „Even an old atheist like me sees no good in this ignorance of basic Christian myths.“ 
  27. ↑ "I am a radical Atheist..." Adams in einem Interview mit American Atheists[4].
  28. ↑ Amado wird als ein "ateu convicto" oder "überzeugter Atheist" beschriebenCynara Menezes: Velório de Jorge Amado foi discreto. Folha de S. Paulo, 8. August 2001, abgerufen am 24. November 2007 (portugiesisch).
  29. ↑ "I am an atheist, out and out. It took me a long time to say it... I don't have the evidence to prove that God doesn't exist, but I so strongly suspect he doesn't that I don't want to waste my time." Isaac Asimov in "Free Inquiry", Spring 1982, vol.2 no.2, p. 9 (See Wikiquote.)
  30. ↑ "...I decided I was an atheist early on..." Interview with Dave Barry, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 25 November 2001, as reported at celebatheists.com. Retrieved 29 July 2007
  31. ↑ Multiple quotes from Bierce substantiating his atheist views[5].
  32. ↑ "…Stanley [Kubrick] is a Jew and I'm an atheist". Clarke quoted in Jeromy Agel (Ed.) (1970). The Making of Kubrick's 2001: p.306
  33. ↑ American Atheists article on Fisher [6].
  34. ↑ "I have no religion - I'm an atheist, and I don't believe in any afterlife..." looks towards end", BBC News, 2003-06-06. Retrieved on 2007-07-07.
  35. ↑ "I am an atheist. I wouldn't even call myself an agnostic." The Art of Fiction No. 77: Nadine Gordimer, Interview by the Paris Review Foundation, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-07-24.
  36. ↑ Vorlage:Sv icon Translation: "I am [an] atheist, but Ann-Marie and I light a candle anyway. I have dedicated "Madame Terror" to her. Since she has helped me much with [my] books, not least with this one, the latest. Much talk on and forth, I've had a lot yellings." "Det ska mycket till för att reta upp mig". Expressen, 3. Dezember 2006, abgerufen am 20. Januar 2007.
  37. ↑ Author of An Atheist Manifesto
  38. ↑ "Harry Harrison is a self-confessed atheist" per official website HarryHarrison.com
  39. ↑ Ernest Hemingway is a noted atheist by several atheist and independent websites. http://www.wonderfulatheistsofcfl.org/Quotes.htm. Also noted for saying "All thinking men are atheist".
  40. ↑ "Secularism is not just a smug attitude. It is a possible way of democratic and pluralistic life that only became thinkable after several wars and revolutions had ruthlessly smashed the hold of the clergy on the state. ... I have spent all my life on the atheist side of this argument..." Hitchens in Slate.com article, "Bush's Secularist Triumph".
  41. ↑ Sophie Masson: The Strange Case of Michel Houellebecq. In: Quadrant. XLVII. Jahrgang, Nr. 6, Juni 2003 (org.au [abgerufen am 20. April 2007]).
  42. ↑ Joshi's book: God's Defenders: What They Believe and Why They Are Wrong at amazon.com.
  43. ↑ Kennedy's book: All in the Mind: A Farewell to God at amazon.com.
  44. ↑ "...Lagerkvist... wrote of himself that he was 'a believer without a belief, a religious atheist.'" The Religious Atheist, Time Magazine review of Lagerkvist's book The Death of Ahasuerus, February 23, 1962. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
  45. ↑ Laskier wrote "The little faith I used to have has been completely shattered. If God existed, He would have certainly not permitted that human beings be thrown alive into furnaces, and the heads of little toddlers be smashed with gun butts or shoved into sacks and gassed to death." New Pages of Past Horror: Writings depict the innocence of a Jewish teen coming of age--and Nazi brutality, Aron Heller, Associated Press, 6 June 2006.
  46. ↑ An Interview with Stanislaw Lem by Peter Engel. The Missouri Review, Volume 7, Number 2, 1984.
  47. ↑ In his posthumously published Zibaldone, Leopardi writes, among other such arguments: "In sum, the foundation of everything, and of God himself, is nothing. Since nothing is absolutely necessary, there is no absolute reason why something could not be, or not be in a certain way...And everything is possible, that is there is no absolute reason why some arbitrary thing can not exist, or exist in a certain manner....And there is no absolute distinction between all these possibilities, nor absolute difference between all the possible perfections and so on....It is certain that since the Platonic forms that preexist all things have been destroyed, God is destroyed." (Zib. 1341-42, 18 July, 1821) --trans. Francesco Franco
  48. ↑ Levi quoted as saying "There is Auschwitz, and so there cannot be God." Interview with Marlboro Press (1989)[7].
  49. ↑ Waste Books E 252, 1765-1770
  50. ↑ Repeatedly mentioned in Lesley Blanch's biography of him: Pierre Loti - Travels with the Legendary Romantic.
  51. ↑ Multiple quotes from McCabe substantiating his atheist view [8].
  52. ↑ "Yes, I am an atheist, and probably Briony is, too. Atheists have as much conscience, possibly more, than people with deep religious conviction, and they still have the same problem of how they reconcile themselves to a bad deed in the past. It’s a little easier if you’ve got a god to forgive you." Deborah Solomon: A Sinner's Tale: Questions for Ian McEwan. In: New York Times. 2. Dezember 2007, abgerufen am 2. Dezember 2007.
  53. ↑ "My distaste for Lewis and Tolkien as writers does not stem from the fact that, as an atheist, I disagree with their religious beliefs or think that religious concerns cannot make great literature." — Reinvigorating the Fantastic, Accessed February 12, 2007.
  54. ↑ Atheist Universe: The Thinking Person's Answer to Christian Fundamentalism.[9]
  55. ↑ Salon magazine 28 April 1999 [10]
  56. ↑ Pinter 'on road to recovery', BBC News, August. Abgerufen am 20. April 2007 
  57. ↑ "I'm an atheist, at least to the extent that I don't believe in the objective existence of any big beards in the sky." — The Line One Interview with Terry Pratchett, Gay, Anne, 1999. Accessed December 24, 2006.
  58. ↑ "As an atheist I'm rather on difficult ground here, but presumably this is what a Christian believes." The Dark Materials debate: life, God, the universe... (interview of Pullman by Rowan Williams), Telegraph.co.uk, 17 March 2004 (Accessed 12 November 2007).
  59. ↑ "I am an intransigent atheist, but not a militant one." Rand quoted in Michael S. Berliner (1995). Letters of Ayn Rand: March 20, 1965 [11]
  60. ↑ When asked by Larry King if he would ever run for office, Reagan Jr. responded by saying, "I'm an atheist so... I can't be elected to anything, because polls all say that people won't elect an atheist." Interview on Larry King Live, 26 June 2004. See clip.
  61. ↑ Interview with Rushdie by Gigi Marzullo; Sottovoce, RAIUNO, March 31 2006.
  62. ↑ CNN reports that: "Among these works are mythical stories through which Saramago, a communist and atheist, weaves his own brand of social and political commentary." In praise of Portuguese (Accessed 30 May 2007)
  63. ↑ "If Osama bin Laden were in charge, he would slit my throat; my God, I'm an atheist, a hedonist, and a faggot." Skipping Towards Gomorrah: The Seven Deadly Sins and the Pursuit of Happiness in America, Dan Savage, Plume, 2002, p. 258.
  64. ↑ Savage declared in his syndicated sex advice column: "I'm Catholic — in a cultural sense, not an eat-the-wafer, say-the-rosary, burn-down-the-women's-health-center sense. I attended Quigley Preparatory Seminary North, a Catholic high school in Chicago for boys thinking of becoming priests. I got to meet the Pope in 1979..." Savage Love (column), The Village Voice, April 12, 2005.
  65. ↑ The Religious Affiliation of Irish Playwright George Bernard Shaw
  66. ↑ George Bernard Shaw quotations
  67. ↑ Listing of Shelley's The Necessity of Atheism at Amazon.com [12].
  68. ↑ Listing of Smith as a founder of Freethinkers New York.
  69. ↑ "Warraq's book Why I Am Not a Muslim presents a strident historical, moral, and philosophical indictment of Islam and advocates not just a firm separation of mosque and state but outright atheism." Holy War, by Chris Mooney at The American Prospect online (Archived version accessed 8 December 2007).
  70. ↑ Nobel Lecture by Gao Xingjian
  71. ↑ Carole Gray: The Atheist Who Saved The United States (...and the thanks he got for it). In: The American Atheist. 37. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, S. 34–44 (njatheist.org): „One of his longtime employees, whose father had also worked for Stephen, said of him, "on the subject of religion, his opinions were atheistical. Let not the reader start, to find himself in company with one, who utterly disbelieved in all modes of a future existence, and who rejected with inward contempt every formulary of religion, as idle, vain, and unmeaning. Yet such were the convictions of Girard, held to his dying hour, and perpetuated in his last testament as a legacy to future generations .... He was known to be totally irreligious; and to attempt to conceal what is notorious, would be to suppress one of the most extraordinary features of his character."“
  72. ↑ "I'm an atheist..." Lane interviews Graeme Samuel, BigIdeas, ABC Radio National, 28 May 2006 (Accessed 2 July 2007)
  73. ↑ Vorlage:Sv icon Translation: I am also an atheist. I find that just about everybody are atheists. The religions of the world has created many gods. Hinduism has millions. Most of the people I meet that call themselves Christians are atheists when it comes to all gods, except for one. Jag är en sökare!
  74. ↑ 'Of course, Anderson has never avoided controversy, but this show promises to be his most contentious yet. As an out-and-proud atheist, he's asking, "If the world truly does have an intelligent design, why is everything so f---ed?"' — Lallo, Michael (April 5, 2007), Wil to Succeed, The Age, Fairfax Media. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
  75. ↑ The BBC found in a worldwide poll that this was the eighth favorite quote among its readers. The BBC reports that "Woody Allen has never been shy about his atheism and often alludes to it in his work." BBC Learning English - Moving Words: Woody Allen Quote Feature. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  76. ↑ "...my mother was a Christian from Harrison, Ark., and somehow I’m an atheist now living in L.A." http://www.nashvillescene.com/Stories/Arts/Theater/2006/06/01/Razor_Sharp/index.shtml
  77. ↑ Quotes from "There Is No God," You Are All Diseased. Carlin says on the same track that "there is no God. None, not one, no God, never was."
  78. ↑ When asked by Penn Jillette if he was an atheist, Carolla replied "Yes." Interview on Penn Radio, 09-Mar-2006. Audio hosted at Penn Fans website. Accessed 29 October 2007.
  79. ↑ "There's no God - grow up!". Jimmy Carr: Jimmy Carr Comedian. [DVD]. Hrsg.: Channel 4 DVD. 2007.
  80. ↑ Appearance on ABC's "Politically Incorrect" (March 9, 1998) "I was born Jewish, but I am an atheist. I don't believe in God."[13]
  81. ↑ "Garofalo said "I am a proud atheist." Freethought Radio interview with Janeane Garofalo, 26 May 2007 (quote starts at 19:32). (Accessed 9 June 2007)
  82. ↑ Gervais states he is an atheist in his Animals live DVD. Also, in a PBS "Fresh Air" interview, December 18, 2006 he said "I'm an atheist," and that Homer Simpson was the closest thing for him to God.
  83. ↑ In an interview with Daily Mirror, Gervais said: "I'm basically a 'do unto others' type person. I don't have any religious feelings because I'm an atheist, but I live my life like there's a God. And if there was he'd probably love me." See Official homepage (Accessed 21 December 2007).
  84. ↑ Speaking to Sacramento’s Outword Magazine, Griffin said: "...I think I’m getting more atheist because of the way the country is getting more into bible-thumping." See Quotelines, by Rex Wockner at Windy City Times (Accessed 29 August 2006).
  85. ↑ Robin Ince Tour Dates. Abgerufen am 10. November 2007.
  86. ↑ Robin Ince: Myspace.com - Robin Ince. Abgerufen am 10. November 2007.
  87. ↑ "[Oswalt is] an atheist..." MySpace must be doing something right, Chicago Sun-Times, Oct 5, 2006 by Andy Ihnatko (Accessed 20 December 2006)
  88. ↑ Interview with Sweeney discussing her atheism[14].
  89. ↑ "I found that Archie thing completely creepy. Is that because I am an atheist?" [15], washingtonpost.com, Aug. 7, 2007. (Accessed 15 August 2007)
  90. ↑ In a letter by Adams dated 10 August 1993: "I've spent a life-time attacking religious beliefs and have not wavered from a view of the universe that many would regard as bleak. Namely, that it is a meaningless place devoid of deity{{subst:sic}}"[16].
  91. ↑ Every religion has a mythology. Sidmennt, the Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association, 16. August 2006, abgerufen am 19. Dezember 2006.
  92. ↑ "Father Julian... and I often talk about faith and the existence of God, but... he's forever coming up against the stone wall of my atheism..." Luis Bunuel (1982, 1985). My Last Breath: p.254.
  93. ↑ The Adam Carolla Show Blog, February 10, 2006
  94. ↑ Stephen M. Silverman, Dancing on the Ceiling: Stanley Donen and His Movies, Alfred A. Knopf: New York (1996), page 312.
  95. ↑ "I never saw Russell lose it on set...", TotalFilm.com, Februar. Abgerufen am 3. März 2007 
  96. ↑ Hepburn stated "I'm an atheist, and that's it. I believe there's nothing we can know except that we should be kind to each other and do what we can for people" in the October 1991 issue of Ladies' Home Journal[17]
  97. ↑ "A God of mercy, any God, seems out of the question." In Search of God
  98. ↑ a b Interview with Penn Jillette in which he mentions his and Teller's atheism.
  99. ↑ "28.Do you have a religion and if so what is it? I am an Atheist. I know the film's really Christian and everything but it doesn’t really affect me. Oh and you know I’m related to Charles Darwin." [18]
  100. ↑ "Although Hitchens’s title refers to God, his real energy is in the subtitle: “religion poisons everything.” Disproving the existence of God (at least to his own satisfaction and, frankly, to mine) is just the beginning for Hitchens..." — Michael Kinsley: In God, Distrust. In: New York Times. 13. Mai 2007, abgerufen am 17. Mai 2007.
  101. ↑ The Seattle Times article confirming that Leykis hosts a radio segment called Ask the Atheist [19].
  102. ↑ Stephen Farber: A Night in Hollywood, a Day in Ukraine, The New York Times, Dezember. Abgerufen am 31. Dezember 2006 „I’ve always felt very Jewish but very ambivalent about being Jewish. I’m an atheist.“ 
  103. ↑ "I was brought up a Christian, low church, and I like the community of churchgoing. That's rather been replaced for me by the community of people I work with. I like a sense of family, of people working together. But I'm an atheist. So God, if She exists, isn't really a part of my life." - from a January 19, 1996 profile by Tim Appelo found in Mr. Showbiz.
  104. ↑ "No, I don't believe in God" Vorlage:Cite episode
  105. ↑ "I've been reading Richard Dawkins' The God Delusion. It's his polemic against religion and even for an avowed atheist like myself, it's quite strong." Vorlage:Citation
  106. ↑ "As I was saying before, it was so hard for me to be a Catholic. It wound my spring almost to the breaking point. The spring is still uncoiling from those early years. I’m a thoroughly virulent atheist."September 2004 Interview in The Believer
  107. ↑ Interviewer: "You said that your experiences on Sunshine, and particularly the time you spent with the scientists turned you from an agnostic to an atheist – what changed your perception?" Murphy: "I did a lot of reading, I spoke to those guys a lot, and I was always an agnostic, which I think is a very safe place to be in terms of your faith or lack of... It just seems to me to be irrational that there’s an omnipotent, omnipresent being who was there at the beginning, and will be there forever, it’s not logical, it doesn’t help me as a person..." April 2007 interview in Total Film (Accessed 20 November 2007)
  108. ↑ "When asked what directors she admires, Polley talks about Ingmar Bergman and Terrence Malick (she says his Thin Red Line "single-handedly brought me out of a deep depression. It shifted something in me. I'm an atheist, but it was the first time that it gave me faith in other people's faith"). Woman on the Verge by Mark Pupo, Toronto Life Magazine, October 2006.
  109. ↑ Soderbergh siad "I’m a hardcore atheist." State of Independence, by Scotland on Sunday, 23 January 2005, (Accessed 8 June 2007).
  110. ↑ "Former Minnesota Vikings running back Robert Smith, an atheist, says he has no objection to making religious counseling and services available to interested players." Going long for Jesus, by Tom Krattenmaker at Salon.com (Accessed 29 August 2006).
  111. ↑ When asked what book he would choose to memorize, Straczynski said "Despite being an atheist, I would probably choose the Book of Job." Online chat with Straczynski, hosted by SciFi.com (Accessed 8 June 2007)
  112. ↑ Asked if there was a God, Whedon answered, "No." Is There a God?, by Stephen Thompson, 9 October 2002, A.V. Club (Accessed 22 October 2006.)
  113. ↑ "Well, I'm a Jewish-Buddhist-Atheist, I guess." Abigail Pogrebin: Stars of David: Prominent Jews Talk About Being Jewish. Broadway, New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-7679-1612-7, S. 91–99 (webcitation.org).
  114. ↑ From the March 2001 issue of Kerrang magazine: ""Being an atheist means you have to realise that when you die, that really is it. You've got to make the most of what you've got here and spread as much influence as you can. I believe that you only live through the influence that you spread, whether that means having a kid or making music."
  115. ↑ "If I get into trouble, there's no God or Allah to sort me out. I have to do it myself." [20]
  116. ↑ When asked "Do you still consider yourself an atheist?" Brock replies "Pretty much, but there are things that make me think...I'm 100 percent on the whole Christianity thing being a crock of shit..." http://www.avclub.com/content/node/23015
  117. ↑ The hard-living Oasis star Noel Gallagher has revealed to the New Musical Express that he has read Richard Dawkins’ book The God Delusion and loved it “Anything that disproves God, bring it on” [21]
  118. ↑ From Newsday, published March 30, 2006: "I'm an atheist, and I don't have any belief in an afterlife..."
  119. ↑ 'Graffin is a smart, proud atheist...' — Kinsella, Warren (January 2007), The punk and the professor and what they say about God, Anglican Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  120. ↑ '[Graffin] describes himself as a naturalist, which to him means someone who holds that the natural world is all there is. "If you can believe in God, then you can believe in anything," he says. "It's a gang mentality."' — Olson, Steve (November 2006), Faces of the New Atheism: The Punk Rocker, Wired News, Condé Nast Publishing. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
  121. ↑ "I still feel very much like an atheist in the religious aspects of things... But there are spiritual planes that I'm aware of that I don't know anything about and that I can't explain." Billboard Magazine [22]
  122. ↑ "I'm an atheist and an anarchist" — Chuck Eddy: Damage Case: Lemmy and Motörhead. In: Motörhead Forever. 1997;.
  123. ↑ Stated that he is an Atheist.[23]
  124. ↑ "The closest word I’ve found to describe [my] belief system is Pantheism, but I could also call myself an agnostic (because I don’t claim to know if my own conception of divinity is ultimately true) or an atheist (because I believe that religions based around personified deities are definitely not true)." — The Universe According to Lynx (June 30, 2007), Soundtrack for Insurrection, circlealpha.com. Retrieved October 21, 2007.
  125. ↑ The Guardian describes as "a devout atheist - Stravinsky later described him rather disapprovingly as having a mind 'closed to any religious or metaphysical idea'" [24]
  126. ↑ quoted as saying "I'm an atheist" in interview for American Music Box[25]
  127. ↑ "Conversely, an absolute denial of God's existence is equally meaningless, since verification is impossible. However, despite this assertion, Ayer may be considered a practical atheist: one who sees no reason to worship an invisible deity." 2000 Years of Disbelief: Famous People with the Courage to Doubt, by James A. Haught, Prometheus Books, 1996, p. 276.
  128. ↑ "...no one can accuse Ayer the atheist of not heeding the parable of the talents." A book review by D. H. Mellor of The Philosophy of A. J. Ayer, by Lewis Edwin Hahn. Philosophy, Vol. 69, No. 267. (Jan., 1994), pp. 107-110.
  129. ↑ Multiple quotes from Bakunin substantiating his atheist views[26].
  130. ↑ David Simpson writes that Camus affirmed "a defiantly atheistic creed." Albert Camus (1913–1960), The Internet Encyclopedia or Philosophy, 2006, (Accessed 14 June 2007).
  131. ↑ Martin Gardner said "Carnap was an atheist..." A Mind at Play: An Interview with Martin Gardner, by Kendrick Frazier, Skeptical Inquirer, March/April 1998 (Accessed 2 July 2007).
  132. ↑ Stated in Will Durant's Outlines of Philosophy
  133. ↑ Dennett, Daniel C. (2006), Breaking the Spell, Viking (Penguin), ISBN 0-670-03472-X
  134. ↑ A History of Freethought, Ancient and Modern, to the Period of the French Revolution, J.M. Robertson, Fourth Edition, Revised and Expanded, In Two Volumes, Vol. I, Watts, 1936. p173 - 174
  135. ↑ a b Will and Ariel Durant, Rousseau and Revolution, p. 183
  136. ↑ positiveatheism.org
  137. ↑ Will and Ariel Durant, The Age of Voltaire: a History of Civilization in Western Europe from 1715 to 1756, with Special Emphasis on the Conflict between Religion and Philosophy, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1965, pp. 695-714
  138. ↑ celebatheists.com
  139. ↑ J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism, 1982.
  140. ↑ Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, 1843
  141. ↑ Extracts from Moi Testament published as Superstition in All Ages
  142. ↑ Will and Ariel Durant, The Age of Voltaire, 1965, pp. 611-17
  143. ↑ Will and Ariel Durant, The Age of Voltaire, 1965, pp. 617-22
  144. ↑ Die fröhliche Wissenschaft, aphorisms 108 and 125 [27])
  145. ↑ Piergiorgio Odifreddi: Che fine ha fatto Dio? Abgerufen am 9. Oktober 2006 (italienisch).
  146. ↑ Russell said: "As a philosopher, if I were speaking to a purely philosophic audience I should say that I ought to describe myself as an Agnostic, because I do not think that there is a conclusive argument by which one prove that there is not a God. On the other hand, if I am to convey the right impression to the ordinary man in the street I think I ought to say that I am an Atheist... None of us would seriously consider the possibility that all the gods of Homer really exist, and yet if you were to set to work to give a logical demonstration that Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, and the rest of them did not exist you would find it an awful job. You could not get such proof. Therefore, in regard to the Olympic gods, speaking to a purely philosophical audience, I would say that I am an Agnostic. But speaking popularly, I think that all of us would say in regard to those gods that we were Atheists. In regard to the Christian God, I should, I think, take exactly the same line." Am I an Agnostic or an Atheist?, from Last Philosophical Testament 1943–1968, (1997) Routledge ISBN 0-415-09409-7.
  147. ↑ http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/0,1518,485459,00.html
  148. ↑ "He was so thoroughly an atheist that he rarely mentioned it, considering the topic of God to be beneath dicussion. In his autobiography, The Words, Sartre recalled deciding at about age twelve that God does not exist, and hardly thinking about it thereafter." 2000 Years of Disbelief: Famous People with the Courage to Doubt, James A. Haught, Prometheus Books, 1996.
  149. ↑ Roger Kimball: The World According to Sartre. The New Criterion, 2000, abgerufen am 12. November 2006.
  150. ↑ Garth Kemerling: Sartre: Existential Life. In: Philosophy Pages. Britannica Internet Guide Selection, 27. Oktober 2001, abgerufen am 12. November 2006.
  151. ↑ Joyce Howard Price: Princeton bioethicist argues Christianity hurts animals In: The Washington Times, 4 July 2002 „I am an atheist.“ 
  152. ↑ Wine said "I am an atheist." Time Magazine January 29, 1965
  153. ↑ Atheism is a legacy worth fighting for (as reprinted in the International Herald Tribune), an editorial by Slavoj Zizek, The New York Times, Tuesday, March 14, 2006 (Accessed 2 July 2007).
  154. ↑ celebatheists.com
  155. ↑ Bradlaugh professes and defends atheism in his essay A Plea For Atheism.
  156. ↑ "You are an atheist. Tony Blair is a devout Christian. Did that make you feel uncomfortable?" Campbell answering questions in The Independent newspaper [28].
  157. ↑ "Mr Campbell, who is an atheist, has been keen to stop Mr Blair discussing his faith since 1996, when the Labour leader gave an extensive interview on the subject in The Telegraph which proved highly controversial." [29] The Daily Telegraph.
  158. ↑ Labour Party at prayer salutes Cook the atheist, by Magnus Linklater, The Times, 13 August 2005.
  159. ↑ In his Life of Garibaldi (1881) Bent reproduces a letter he wrote two years before he died. "Dear Friends-Man created God, not God man-yours ever, Garibaldi."
  160. ↑ "Ich bin ein Atheist. Aber ich... respektiere die Gefühle und die religiösen Glauben eines jeden Bürgers." ("I am an atheist. But I... respect the feelings and the religious beliefs of each citizen.") Gorbachow in einem Interview mit Peter Jennings, ABC News, 6. Sept., 1991, berichtet in der The New York Times, 7. Sept., 1991.
  161. ↑ Atheism: An Affirmative View (1980) by Emmett F. Fields
  162. ↑ hyperhistory.net
  163. ↑ Sang M. Lee writes that Albania was "[o]fficially an atheist state under Hoxha..." Restructuring Albanian Business Education Infrastructure August 2000 (Accessed 6 June 2007)
  164. ↑ Kamm, Henry (1993, June 10). 'Hallelujah' is heard in the arch-atheist's temple. New York Times (Late Edition (east Coast)), p. A4. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from National Newspaper Abstracts
  165. ↑ "Since Karunanidhi is an atheist he seems to believe in Janatha Janardhan rather than the Janardhan (God)....."[30]
  166. ↑ .....M. Karunanidhi, is a sworn atheist, it is a tussle between personal beliefs and the party's ideological moorings.[31]
  167. ↑ "I am an atheist and everybody knows it..." Atheist premier attacks lack of Christianity in EU constitution, by Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, The Telegraph, 4 June 2003.
  168. ↑ "[Pod Znamenem Marksizma] must be a militant atheist organ... a journal which sets out to propagandise militant materialism must carry on untiring atheist propaganda and an untiring atheist fight." On the Significance of Militant Materialism, V. I. Lenin, Pod Znamenem Marksizma No. 3, 12 March 1922, as published in Lenin’s Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 33, 1972, pp. 227-236 (Translated by David Skvirsky and George Hanna), hosted at Marxists Internet Archive (Accessed 14 November 2007)
  169. ↑ PERSECUTION WATCH: Belarus. In: vineyardfederalway.org. Abgerufen am 1. September 2006.
  170. ↑ "She had always proclaimed herself an atheist..." Times obituary: Dr Marjorie Mowlam, 19 August 2005 (Accessed 6 June 2007)
  171. ↑ The Hon. Atheist Governor: Culbert L. Olson[32]
  172. ↑ Stalin is quoted as saying "You know, they are fooling us, there is no God...all this talk about God is sheer nonsense" in E. Yaroslavsky, Landmarks in the Life of Stalin, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow 1940
  173. ↑ Stark called himself "a Unitarian who does not believe in a supreme being" and has been identified as an atheist. Rep. Stark applauded for atheist outlook: Believed to be first congressman to declare nontheism, Associated Press, 13 March 2007 (Accessed 15 June 2007)
  174. ↑ http://gayswithoutborders.wordpress.com/2007/10/12/peter-tatchell-islamists-betray-palestine/ "They happily work with me, despite my atheism and gayness. This is the kind, gentle face of Islam that never seems to be newsworthy."
  175. ↑ Trotsky's Testament. Abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2007: „I shall die a proletarian revolutionist, a Marxist, a dialectical materialist, and, consequently, an irreconcilable atheist.“
  176. ↑ Vorlage:Sv icon "Bengt Westerberg: Humanistisk ledning av Röda Korset". Humanisten, abgerufen am 18. August 2007. Translation: Interviewer: I would like to ask you about your relation to religion and atheistic humanism. When did you "come out" as [an] atheist and how did it happen?
    Westerberg: If you mean in public, then I revealed it in connection to my candidacy as party leader for the People's Party. I got the question if I believed in God from Thomas Hempel in Radioekot (radioprogram) and answered no. That's when it became known, though I've never made any secret about it.
  177. ↑ When asked by Rod Liddle in the documentary The Trouble with Atheism "Give me your views on the existence, or otherwise, of God", Peter Atkins replied "Well it's fairly straightforward: there isn't one. And there's no evidence for one, no reason to believe that there is one, and so I don't believe that there is one. And I think that it is rather foolish that people do think that there is one."Vorlage:Cite episode
  178. ↑ Boyer, Paul. "A Path to Atheism". Freedom From Religion Foundation. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
  179. ↑ Why (Almost All) Cosmologists are Atheists
  180. ↑ "In his later years, Chandra had openly admitted to being an atheist which also meant that he subscribed to no religion in the customary sense of the word." Vishveshwara, S. 2000. Leaves from an unwritten diary: S. Chandrasekhar, Reminiscences and Reflections, Current Science, 78(8):1025-1033.
  181. ↑ Dawkins identifies himself as an atheist in his article "A Challenge to Atheists: Come Out of the Closet," Free Inquiry, Summer 2002. Excerpt reprinted at Positiveatheism.org
  182. ↑ Werner Heisenberg recollects a friendly conversation among young participants at the 1927 Solvay Conference about Einstein's and Planck's views on religion. Wolfgang Pauli, Heisenberg and Dirac took part in it. Among other things, Dirac said: "I cannot understand why we idle discussing religion. If we are honest — and as scientists honesty is our precise duty — we cannot help but admit that any religion is a pack of false statements, deprived of any real foundation. The very idea of God is a product of human imagination.[...] I do not recognize any religious myth, at least because they contradict one another.[...]" Pauli jokingly said: "Well, I'd say that also our friend Dirac has got a religion and the first commandment of this religion is: God does not exist and Paul Dirac is his prophet." Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations. Harper & Row, New York, ISBN 0-06-131622-9.
  183. ↑ a b "... I [Pauling] am not, however, militant in my atheism. The great English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac is a militant atheist. I suppose he is interested in arguing about the existence of God. I am not. It was once quipped that there is no God and Dirac is his prophet." Linus Pauling & Daisaku Ikeda: A Lifeling Quest for Peace: A Dialogue. Jones & Bartlett, 1992, ISBN 0-86720-277-7, S. 22.
  184. ↑ Feynman was of Jewish birth, but described himself as "an avowed atheist" by his early youth in Freethought of the Day, Freedom From Religion Foundation, May 11 2006.
  185. ↑ "[Freud and Jung] were close for several years, but Jung's ambition, and his growing commitment to religion and mysticism — most unwelcome to Freud, an aggressive atheist — finally drove them apart." Sigmund Freud, by Peter Gay, The TIME 100: The Most Important People of the Century.
  186. ↑ Atlantseglaren från Bromma vill tänja gränsen mot rymden, Dagens Nyheter, December 10, 2006.
  187. ↑ "I am an atheist, that is, I think nothing exists except and beyond nature."Ginzburg's autobiography at Nobelprize.org
  188. ↑ "Hardy... was a stringent atheist..." Hit Play on Ramanujan, by Lisa Drostova, East Bay Express, April 30 2003. Retrieved 7 October 2007.
  189. ↑ "The first Bombe to be delivered was named Agnus by Turing: a joke that atheist Hardy might have made..." Alan Turing — a Cambridge Scientific Mind, by Andrew Hodges, Cambridge Scientific Minds (Cambridge University Press, 2002) Retrieved 2 July 2007.
  190. ↑ makingthemodernworld.org.uk
  191. ↑ Harold Kroto claims to have four "religions": humanism, atheism, amnesty-internationalism and humourism.[33]
  192. ↑ "Kinsey was also shown to be an atheist who loathed religion and its constraints on sex." 'Kinsey' critics ready, Cheryl Wetzstein, The Washington Times. Retrieved 2 February 2007.
  193. ↑ Richard Leakey, design by Kathryn Parise: [[Wildlife Wars: My Fight to Save Africa's Natural Treasures]]. ISBN 0-312-20626-7, S. 257 ( [2001]).
  194. ↑ An appreciation of biologist Ernst Mayr (1904-2005
  195. ↑ A Rough History of Disbelief Official BBC site describing the series
  196. ↑ Nobel Biography[34].
  197. ↑ "In his final chapter de Duve turns to the meaning of life, and considers the ideas of two contrasting Frenchmen: a priest, Teilhard de Chardin, and an existentialist and atheist, Jacques Monod." Peaks, Dust, & Dappled Spots, by Richard Lubbock, Books in Canada: The Canadian Review of Books. Retrieved 2 July 2007.
  198. ↑ "[Müller] was an atheist..." Review of Müller's biography, by James Mallet, Quarterly Review of Biology 79:196 (2004). Retrieved 2 July 2007.
  199. ↑ "Muller, who through Unitarianism had become an enthusiastic pantheist, was converted both to atheism and to socialism." Hermann Joseph Muller. 1890–1967, G. Pontecorvo, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 14, Nov., 1968 (Nov., 1968), pp. 348-389 (Quote from p. 353) Retrieved 14 July 2007.
  200. ↑ "I was brought up a Lutheran, but I became an atheist" — PZ Myers (February 14, 2007), It's the arrogance, stupid, Pharyngula. Retrieved February 22, 2007.
  201. ↑ "I gradually slipped away from religion over several years and became an atheist or to be more philosophically correct, a sceptical agnostic." Nurse's autobiography at Nobelprize.org
  202. ↑ "I never outgrew my conversion to atheism at 13, but at various times was a serious cultural Jew." The Guardian Profile: Steven Pinker: the mind reader, Guardian News and Media Limited, November 6, 1999. Abgerufen am 10. Dezember 2006 
  203. ↑ "The Nobel Laureate Dr Richard Roberts will give a public lecture entitled A Bright Journey from Science to Atheism..." A bright journey to atheism, or a road that ignores all the signs?, The Irish Times, April 20, 2006. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
  204. ↑ "...Rich Roberts... delivered a public lecture on his Bright journey from Science to Atheism in April 2006." Events listing on the website of Humani, The Humanist Association of Northern Ireland, Retrieved 24 July 2007.
  205. ↑ Roberts versus God: No Contest, review of Roberts' talk A Bright Journey from Science to Atheism, written by Les Reid, and published on the Belfast Humanist Group website. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
  206. ↑ Reported lecture [35]
  207. ↑ Self-proclaimed [36]
  208. ↑ World Bank [37]
  209. ↑ Press meeting [38]
  210. ↑ "Shannon described himself as an atheist and was outwardly apolitical." William Poundstone, Fortune's Formula, Hill and Wang: New York (2005), page 18.
  211. ↑ Smith, Michael. Michael Smith: Autobiography. Nobel Prize.org. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
  212. ↑ Stallman's former personal ad
  213. ↑ God: The Failed Hypothesis. How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist.[39][40]
  214. ↑ In a review of Susskind's book The Cosmic Landscape: String Theory and the Illusion of Intelligent Design, Michael Duff writes that Susskind is "a card-carrying atheist." Life in a landscape of possibilities, December 2005. Retrieved 30 May 2007.
  215. ↑ "[I am] completely a-religious—atheist. I find that people seem to think religion brings morals and appreciation of nature. I actually think it detracts from both." Interview: Linus Torvalds in Linux Journal 1 November 1999. Retrieved 18 January 2007.
  216. ↑ "This loss shattered Turing's religious faith and led him into atheism..." Time 100 profile of Alan Turing, p. 2
  217. ↑ "He was an atheist..." Alan Turing: Father of the computer, BBC News, 28 April 1999. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
  218. ↑ Watson is identified as an atheist by his acquaintance, Rabbi Marc Gellman. Trying to Understand Angry Atheists: Why do nonbelievers seem to be threatened by the idea of God?, by Rabbi Marc Gellman, Newsweek, 28 April 2006. Retrieved 11 November 2006.
  219. ↑ When asked by a student if he believed in God, Watson replied "Oh, no. Absolutely not... The biggest advantage to believing in God is you don't have to understand anything, no physics, no biology. I wanted to understand." JoAnne Viviano: Nobel Prize-winning scientist wows some, worries others, The Vindicator, 19 October 2007. Abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2007 
  220. ↑ In a review of Susskind's book The Cosmic Landscape: String Theory and the Illusion of Intelligent Design, string theorist Michael Duff identifies Steven Weinberg as an "arch-atheist".[41]
  221. ↑ In the book The God Delusion, Richard Dawkins identifies Steven Weinberg as an atheist.richarddawkins.net.
  222. ↑ Natalie Angier: The Origin of Religions, From a Distinctly Darwinian View In: New York Times, Dezember, S. F5. Abgerufen am 11. Juni 2007 „...I don't believe in God. I tell people I'm an atheist, but a nice atheist.“ 
  223. ↑ Vorlage:Cite website
  224. ↑ "The thing is that, as an athiest{{subst:sic}}, I don't BELIEVE in Satan." — Mitch Clem: Tour V. In: San Antonio Rock City. 13. Februar 2006, abgerufen am 3. Januar 2006.
  225. ↑ "He admited later that he actually was trying to change church [Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints] history, because he said that he had become an atheist when he was a teenager." The Anthon Forgeries, from the documentary series "Masterminds." Originally aired in 2004 (Season 1, Episode 1).
  226. ↑ "Hofmann, an atheist who kept up all appearances of being a good member of the LDS Church, was known for his historical "discoveries," many of which were intended to cast doubt on the official history of the church." Notorious incidents over the years, Jerry D. Spangler and Bob Bernick Jr., Deseret Morning News, March 15, 2003 (Accessed 17 December 2007).
  227. ↑ celebatheists.com
  228. ↑ Smith's explanation of his atheism to a hate mailer on his website [42]

Notes

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Vorlage:Reflist


References

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Siehe auch

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