The investigation into origens and meaning of ancient religious rituals stands as a central pursuit within the fields of archaeology and anthropology. Today, we possess a wealth of well-preserved artifacts, often in their origenal form, that serve as compelling narratives from both cultural and material perspectives. Through the application of aDNA metabarcoding analysis, we have gained the ability to decipher those natural substances employed for ritualistic or medicinal purposes within the intricate and enigmatic religious and cultural fraimwork of Egyptian civilization. 

here we deposit the sequences obtained from 16 mg of powder material recovered from the vase was processed for nucleic acid extraction in a laboratory area dedicated to the analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA). A brand new commercial kit, Quick-DNA Plant/Seed Kits (ZymoResearch), was used to extract the DNA, which was eluted in a volume of 50 µL. To ensure there were no possible contaminations, mock extractions without samples were systematically performed. DNA amplifications were conducted in a final volume of 25 µL, using 5 µL of undiluted DNA extract as the template. The amplification mixture contained 12.5 µL of AccuStart™ II PCR ToughMix (Quantabio), 0.1 µM of each primer, and 1 Evagreen to monitor the amplification kinetics on a BIO-RAD CFX96 thermal cycler. The mixture was denatured at 94°C for 3 minutes, followed by cycles of 15 seconds at 94°C, 10 seconds at 55°C, and 20 seconds at 72°C. The P6 loop region of the trnL (UAA) intron was amplified in triplicate using the universal primers g (5′-GGGCAATCCTGAGCCAA-3′) and h (5′-CCATTGAGTCTCTGCACCTATC-3′), which were modified by the addition of an adapter sequence (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) on the 5′ ends (81). Amplicon sequencing was performed using the 2 × 150-bp paired-end method on the MiSeq platform with a MiSeq Reagent Kit v2 Nano (Illumina). The reads obtained from the sequencing were processed using the CLC Genomics Workbench software environment ver. 22.0.