coma

See also: čoma, čomā, and cơ mà

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkəʊmə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) enPR: kōʹmə, IPA^(key): /ˈkoʊmə/
• Rhymes: (UK) -əʊmə, (US) -oʊmə
• Homophone: comber (non-rhotic)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

coma (plural comas)

1. A state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma.

   go into a coma

   slip into a coma

   come out of a coma

   • 2004, George Carlin, When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?‎^[1], New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 208:

     I wonder if a person who comes out of a coma feels refreshed and well rested.

Derived terms

• comalike
• comatic
• comatose
• coma vigil, coma vigile
• dot-coma
• food coma
• hyperosmolar coma
• hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketoic coma
• induced coma
• precoma
• pseudocoma
• semicoma
• turkey coma

 

Related terms

• comatose

Translations

Deep sleep

• Arabic: غَيْبُوبَة f (ḡaybūba)
• Armenian: կոմա (hy) (koma)
• Azerbaijani: koma (az)
• Belarusian: ко́ма f (kóma)
• Bulgarian: ко́ма f (kóma)
• Catalan: coma (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 昏迷 (zh) (hūnmí), 昏睡 (zh) (hūnshuì)

• Czech: bezvědomí (cs) n, kóma (cs) n
• Danish: koma (da) c
• Dutch: coma (nl) n
• Esperanto: komato
• Estonian: kooma
• Faroese: óvit n
• Finnish: kooma (fi), tajuttomuus (fi)
• French: coma (fr) m
• Galician: coma (gl) m
• Georgian: კომა (ka) (ḳoma)
• German: Koma (de) n
• Greek: κώμα (el) n (kóma)

  Ancient: κῶμα n (kôma)

• Hebrew: תַּרְדֶּמֶת (he) f (tardemet)
• Hindi: कोमा ? (komā)
• Hungarian: kóma (hu)
• Icelandic: dá (is) n, svefndá n, dauðadá (is) n
• Indonesian: koma (id)
• Italian: coma (it) m
• Japanese: 昏睡 (ja) (こんすい, konsui)
• Kazakh: кома (koma)
• Korean: 혼수(昏睡) (ko) (honsu)
• Kyrgyz: кома (koma)
• Lao: ອະສັນ (ʼa san)
• Latin: cōma f
• Latvian: koma f
• Lithuanian: koma (lt) f
• Luxembourgish: Koma m
• Macedonian: ко́ма f (kóma)
• Maori: mauringaro, maurimate
• Mongolian: ухаангүй (uxaangüj)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: koma m

  Nynorsk: koma m

• Persian: کما (fa) (komâ)
• Polish: śpiączka (pl) f, koma (pl) f
• Portuguese: coma (pt) m
• Romanian: comă (ro) f
• Russian: ко́ма (ru) f (kóma)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ко̏ма f

  Roman: kȍma (sh) f

• Slovak: bezvedomie n, kóma (sk) f
• Slovene: koma f
• Spanish: coma (es) m
• Swedish: koma (sv) c
• Tajik: кома (koma)
• Thai: โคม่า (koh-mâa)
• Turkish: koma (tr)
• Turkmen: koma
• Ukrainian: ко́ма (uk) f (kóma)
• Urdu: کوما ? (komā)
• Uzbek: koma (uz)
• Vietnamese: hôn mê (vi)
• Welsh: côma m

See also

• persistent vegetative state
• brain death

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

Hubble image of an icy Comet, showing nucleus and coma

In this image the stars near the edge of the field form comae because of the comatic aberration of the wide-angle lens

In each of these trees the branches form a well-defined coma

In this turmeric plant, the tuft of magenta bracts form a coma

Each of these milkweed seeds has a coma of silky hairs at one end

Noun

coma (plural comae)

1. (astronomy) A cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet.
2. (optics) A defect characterized by diffuse, pear-shaped images that in an ideal image would appear as points.
3. (botany) A tuft or bunch, such as the assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree, a cluster of bracts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a plant, or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds.

Translations

Cloud surrounding a comet nucleus

• Bulgarian: глава (bg) f (glava)
• Catalan: cabellera (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 彗髮／彗发 (huìfà)

• Czech: koma (cs) f
• Dutch: coma (nl) f
• Finnish: huntu (fi), koma (fi)
• French: chevelure (fr) f, coma (fr) f
• Galician: coma (gl) f
• German: Koma (de) f
• Greek: ουρά (el) f (ourá) (means also "tail"), κόμη (el) f (kómi) (means also "hair"), χαίτη (el) f (chaíti) (means also "mane")
• Japanese: コマ (ja) (koma)
• Polish: koma (pl) f
• Russian: ко́ма (ru) f (kóma)

Defect characterized by diffuse, pear-shaped images

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 彗差 (huìchā)

• Czech: koma (cs) n

Anagrams

• AMOC, OAMC, camo, maco

Asturian

Verb

coma

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of comer

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈko.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈko.ma]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

coma m (plural comes)

1. coma (deep sleep)

Related terms

• comatós

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

Noun

coma f (plural comes)

1. comma (punctuation mark)
2. (music) comma (type of rest)

Derived terms

• cometa
• punt i coma

Etymology 3

From Gaulish *kumba, from Proto-Celtic *kumbā (“valley”). Compare Occitan comba, French combe.

Noun

coma f (plural comes)

1. combe, cwm, cirque

   Synonym: circ

2. an alpine meadow situated between two peaks

Derived terms

• comal
• comella
• comellar

 

Related terms

• com

Further reading

• “coma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “coma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “coma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “coma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoː.maː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: co‧ma
• Rhymes: -oːmaː

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin coma, from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma).

Noun

coma n (plural coma's)

1. coma (state of unconsciousness)

Derived terms

• comakijken
• comateus
• comazuipen

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin coma, from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē).

Noun

coma f (plural coma's, diminutive comaatje n)

1. coma (head of a comet)

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cōma, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: comas

Noun

coma m (plural comas)

1. coma (state of unconsciousness)
   • 1825, Etienne-Marin Bailly, Traité anatomico-pathologique des fièvres intermittentes simples et pernicieuses:

     Le coma suivi de symptômes convulsifs, est moins dangereux que lorsqu’il leur succède, à moins que dans ce dernier cas il soit nerveux, et que le malade se réveille facilement, on exécute, sinon des mouvements volontaires, au moins des mouvements automatiques.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• comater
• comateux

Descendants

• → Persian: کما (komâ)
• → Turkish: koma

Further reading

• “coma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkomɐ/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese coma, this from Latin como plus either ad or ac.

Conjunction

coma

1. as (to the same degree that)

   Non es tan alto coma Xan ― You're not as tall as John.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese coma (“mane”), from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

Noun

coma f (plural comas)

1. coma (of a comet)
2. mane (of a horse)

   Synonym: crina

Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).

Noun

coma f (plural comas)

1. (typography) comma

   Synonym: vírgula

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

coma m (plural comas)

1. coma (deep sleep)

Related terms

• comatoso

Etymology 5

Verb

coma

1. inflection of comer:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “coma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “coma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “coma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “coma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “coma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Further reading

• “coma”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Interlingua

Noun

coma (uncountable)

1. coma

Related terms

• comatose

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔ.ma/
• Rhymes: -ɔma
• Hyphenation: cò‧ma

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), borrowed from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē).

Noun

coma f (plural come)

1. (literary, obsolete) Synonym of chioma
2. (optics, uncountable) coma

Further reading

• coma¹ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

From Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

Noun

coma m (plural comi)

1. (typography) Alternative form of comma (“punctuation mark”)

Further reading

• coma² in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

coma m (invariable)

1. coma (deep sleep)

Related terms

• comatoso

Further reading

• coma³ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• camo, macò, moca

Ladin

Noun

coma f (plural comes)

1. (Val di Fassa, law) subsection
2. (Val di Fassa, orthography) comma

   Synonym: vìrgola

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair of the head”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/, [ˈkɔmä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/, [ˈkɔːmä]

Noun

coma f (genitive comae); first declension

1. The hair of the head.

   Synonym: crīnis

2. foliage

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	coma	comae
Genitive	comae	comārum
Dative	comae	comīs
Accusative	comam	comās
Ablative	comā	comīs
Vocative	coma	comae

Derived terms

• comātus
• comula

Descendants

• Albanian: komë
• Aragonese: coma
• Aromanian: coamã
• English: coma
• Italian: coma, chioma
• Portuguese: coma
• Romanian: coamă
• Spanish: coma

References

• “coma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “coma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• coma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “coma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “coma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkõ.mɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkõ.mɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈko.ma/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈko.mɐ/

• Rhymes: -omɐ
• Hyphenation: co‧ma

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

coma m (plural comas)

1. coma, state of unconsciousness

Related terms

• comatoso

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin coma.

Noun

coma f (plural comas)

1. abundant hair of the head

   Synonym: cabeleira

2. mane
3. (astronomy) comet coma

See also

• crina

Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

Noun

coma f (plural comas)

1. (archaic, grammar) comma
2. (music) comma
3. (music) eighth rest

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

coma

1. inflection of comer:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “coma”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
• “coma”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
• “coma” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “coma”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “coma”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
• “coma”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish cummae, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm-smiyo-, from *ḱóm (“beside, with, by”) + *sem- (“one, as one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʰomə/

Adjective

coma

1. indifferent, unconcerned

   Tha e coma. ― He couldn't care less.

   'S mi a tha coma dè thachras. ― I don't give a damn what happens.

   Coma de sin! ― Never mind that! Forget that!

   Is coma sin ― It doesn't matter.

2. reckless, careless
3. expressing dislike or even hate when used with le

   Is coma leam thu ― I hate you.

   Is coma leis an rìgh Eòghann agus is coma le Eòghann co-dhiù ― The king doesn't like Eòghann, but Eòghann doesn't care whether the king likes him or not.

Derived terms

• coma-co-dhiù

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
coma	choma
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cummae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoma/ [ˈko.ma]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oma
• Syllabification: co‧ma

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin comma.

Noun

coma f (plural comas)

1. comma (punctuation mark)
2. (church) misericord
3. (music) section

Derived terms

• coma decimal
• coma flotante
• comilla
• con puntos y comas
• en cero coma
• punto y coma
• sin faltar una coma

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

Noun

coma m (plural comas)

1. coma (deep sleep)

Related terms

• comatoso

 

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin coma.

Noun

coma f (plural comas)

1. (rare) mane

   Synonym: crin

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

coma

1. inflection of comer:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “coma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Welsh

Etymology

Borrowed from English comma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔma/

Noun

coma m (plural comas)

1. comma

   Synonym: atalnod

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
coma	goma	nghoma	choma
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.