杭州

Chinese

		surname; Hangzhou	province; prefecture; state province; prefecture; state; county
trad. (杭州)		杭	州
simp. #(杭州)		杭	州

Etymology

The province's name derived from 餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng), traditionally glossed as a mistake for 禹航 (“Yu's ferry”) but more likely a transcription into Old Chinese characters of a native Proto-Wu placename.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Hángzhōu

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ ㄓㄡ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hong⁴ zau¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong³ ziu¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Hòng-chû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hong² zu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): Hòng-ciŭ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang² ziu¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Hâng-chiu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁵ ziu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ghaon-tseu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Hángzhōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Hángjhou
    • Wade–Giles: Hang²-chou¹
    • Yale: Háng-jōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Harngjou
    • Palladius: Ханчжоу (Xančžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hong⁴ zau¹
    • Yale: hòhng jāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴ dzau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴ zeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hong³ ziu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ²² t͡siu³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hòng-chû
    • Hakka Romanization System: hong^ˇ zu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hong² zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hong² zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Hòng-ciŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hang² ziu¹ [Phonetic: hang² niu¹]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Háng-ciu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ¹³ ^(t͡s-)niu⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hâng-chiu
    • Tâi-lô: Hâng-tsiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hangciw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hang⁵ ziu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hâng tsiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ghaon-tseu
    • MiniDict: ghaon^去 tseu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhaan-tseu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦɑ̃²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Proper noun

杭州

1. (～市) Hangzhou (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, China)
2. (～灣) Hangzhou Bay (the adjacent bay of the East China Sea, separating Shanghai from Ningbo)
3. (historical) Hang Prefecture or Province (former division of imperial China)

Synonyms

• (city): 杭 (háng), (historical, poetic) 武林 (wǔlín), (historical) 臨安／临安 (Lín'ān), (historical) 行在 (Xíngzài), (historical) 錢塘／钱塘 (Qiántáng)

Derived terms

• 蘇杭 / 苏杭 (Sūháng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (杭州):

• → Japanese: 杭(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)
• → Korean: 항주(杭州) (Hangju)
• → Vietnamese: Hàng Châu (杭州)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
杭	州
こう Jinmeiyō	しゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Proper noun

杭(こう)州(しゅう) • (Kōshū) 

1. Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
杭	州
くい Jinmeiyō	しゅう Grade: 3
kun'yomi	on'yomi

To distinguish it orally with 広州(こうしゅう) (Kōshū).

Proper noun

杭(くい)州(しゅう) • (Kuishū) 

1. Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)

Korean

Hanja in this term
杭	州

Proper noun

杭州 • (Hangju) (hangeul 항주)

1. hanja form^? of 항주 (“Hangzhou”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
杭	州

Proper noun

杭州

1. chữ Hán form of Hàng Châu (“Hangzhou”).