電話
Chinese
[edit]electric; electricity; electrical | spoken words; speech; dialect spoken words; speech; dialect; language; talk; conversation; what someone said | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (電話) | 電 | 話 | |
simp. (电话) | 电 | 话 |
Etymology
[edit]Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 電話 (denwa) (Liu et al., 1984; Huang, 2020), first attested in 《遊歷日本圖經》 by Fu Yunlong in 1889 (Huang, 2020).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dian4 hua4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дянхуа (di͡anhua, III-III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): din6 waa6-2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): en5 va5*
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): din6 waa6-2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): die3 hua3
- Eastern Min (BUC): diêng-uâ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6di-gho6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: diànhuà
- Wade–Giles: tien4-hua4
- Yale: dyàn-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diannhuah
- Palladius: дяньхуа (djanʹxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 電化 / 电化
電話 / 电话
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: diànhuàr
- Wade–Giles: tien4-hua4-ʼrh
- Yale: dyàn-hwàr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diannhuall
- Palladius: дяньхуар (djanʹxuar)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dian4 hua4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dianxua
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiɛn²¹³ xua²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дянхуа (di͡anhua, III-III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiæ̃⁴⁴ xua⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: din6 waa6-2
- Yale: dihn wá
- Cantonese Pinyin: din6 waa6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: din6 wa6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiːn²² waː²²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: en5 va5*
- Sinological IPA (key): /en³² va³²⁻³²⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien-fa
- Hakka Romanization System: tien fa
- Hagfa Pinyim: tian4 fa4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tien˖ faˇ
- Sinological IPA: /tʰien³³ fa¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: die3 hua3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tie⁴⁵ xua⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: diêng-uâ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tieŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ (Ø-)ŋuɑ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Jinjiang, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān-ōe
- Tâi-lô: tiān-uē
- Phofsit Daibuun: diexn'oe
- IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ ue³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³⁻²¹ ue³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines, Jinjiang): /tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /tiɛn²²⁻²¹ ue²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān-ōa
- Tâi-lô: tiān-uā
- Phofsit Daibuun: diexn'oa
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²⁻²¹ ua²²/
- IPA (Penang): /tiɛn²¹ ua²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: diang6 uê7 / diêng6 uê7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiăng uē / tiĕng uē
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ue¹¹/, /tieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ue¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Jinjiang, Singapore)
- Wu
Noun
[edit]電話
- (countable) telephone; phone [from 19th c.] (Classifier: 部 m c)
- (countable) telephone call; phone call; call [from 20th c.] (Classifier: 通 m mn; 個/个 m c)
- (colloquial) telephone number; phone number; number
Usage notes
[edit]Note that in Mandarin, the noun 電話/电话 (diànhuà, “telephone”) is used in any verb involving a phone, such as 打電話/打电话 (dǎ diànhuà, “to make a phone call”), 回電話/回电话 (huí diànhuà, “to call back”), 接電話/接电话 (jiē diànhuà, “to answer the phone”), etc.
In Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore, 電話 / 电话 (diànhuà) often refers to a mobile phone in many contexts.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 公用電話 / 公用电话 (gōngyòng diànhuà)
- 叫電話 / 叫电话
- 回電話 / 回电话 (huí diànhuà)
- 固定電話 / 固定电话 (gùdìng diànhuà)
- 座機電話 / 座机电话 (zuòjī diànhuà)
- 手提電話 / 手提电话 (shǒutí diànhuà)
- 打電話 / 打电话 (dǎ diànhuà)
- 拍電話 / 拍电话
- 接電話 / 接电话 (jiē diànhuà)
- 摃電話 / 𫼱电话
- 敲電話 / 敲电话
- 流動電話 / 流动电话 (liúdòng diànhuà)
- 煲電話 / 煲电话 (bāo diànhuà)
- 煲電話粥 / 煲电话粥 (bāo diànhuàzhōu)
- 移動電話 / 移动电话 (yídòng diànhuà)
- 行動電話 / 行动电话 (xíngdòng diànhuà)
- 要電話 / 要电话 (yào diànhuà)
- 長途電話 / 长途电话 (chángtú diànhuà)
- 電話亭 / 电话亭 (diànhuàtíng)
- 電話卡 / 电话卡 (diànhuàkǎ)
- 電話局 / 电话局
- 電話會議 / 电话会议 (diànhuà huìyì)
- 電話機 / 电话机 (diànhuàjī)
- 電話簿 / 电话簿 (diànhuàbù)
- 電話線 / 电话线 (diànhuàxiàn)
- 電話號碼 / 电话号码 (diànhuà hàomǎ)
- 騷擾電話 / 骚扰电话 (sāorǎo diànhuà)
- 鼓電話 / 鼓电话
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #10333”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- Chia, Caroline, Hoogervorst, Tom, editors (2021), “Chapter 5 Native Lexical Innovation in Penang Hokkien: Thinking beyond Rojak”, in Sinophone Southeast Asia: Sinitic Voices across the Southern Seas (Chinese Overseas: History, Literature, and Society; 20 [Open Access])[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 177: “Sino-Japanese words for some of these new things – such as tiān-ōa 電話 ‘telephone’ – did make their way into Penang Hokkien”
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
電 | 話 |
でん Grade: 2 |
わ Grade: 2 |
goon | kan'yōon |
Alternative forms
[edit]- (honorific) お電話 (o-denwa)
Etymology
[edit]Wasei kango, from 電 (den, “electric”) + 話 (wa, “conversation”). See also 話す (hanasu).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- telephone
- 電話を引く
- denwa o hiku
- to install a telephone
- 電話に出る
- denwa ni deru
- to answer the phone
- 電話を引く
- telephone call; phone call; call
- 電話を掛ける
- denwa o kakeru
- to make a call
- 電話が掛かって来る
- denwa ga kakatte kuru
- to receive a call
- 電話を切る
- denwa o kiru
- to hang up
- 電話を掛ける
Derived terms
[edit]- 電話を切る (denwa o kiru): to hang up
- 携帯電話 (keitaidenwa): a cellular [mobile] phone
- 移動電話 (idōdenwa): a mobile telephone
- 衛星電話 (eiseidenwa): a satellite phone
- 親子電話 (oyakodenwa): an extension telephone
- 公衆電話 (kōshūdenwa): a pay public phone
- 青電話 (aodenwa)
- 赤電話 (akadenwa)
- アドオン電話 (adoondenwa)
- 糸電話 (itodenwa): a string telephone
- 脅迫電話 (kyōhakudenwa)
- コードレス電話 (kōdoresudenwa): a cordless phone
- 国際電信電話 (kokusaidenshindenwa)
- 国際電話 (kokusaidenwa): international phone (calls)
- 市外電話 (shigaidenwa): a long-distance call
- 自動車電話 (jidōshadenwa): a car telephone
- 卓上電話 (takujōdenwa)
- 長距離電話 (chōkyoridenwa): a long distance call
- 直通電話 (chokutsūdenwa)
- 通常加入電話 (tsūjōkanyūdenwa)
- テレビ電話 (terebidenwa): a videophone
- 転送電話 (tensōdenwa)
- 内線電話 (naisendenwa)
- 長電話 (nagadenwa): a long telephone conversation
- 無言電話 (mugondenwa): a silent call
- 無線電話 (musendenwa)
- 呼び出し電話 (yobidashidenwa)
- 留守番電話 (rusubandenwa): answering machine
- 電話ボックス (denwabokkusu): a telephone booth[box]
- 電話会社 (denwagaisha)
- 電話回線 (denwakaisen)
- 電話機 (denwaki)
- 電話局 (denwakyoku)
- 電話交換局 (denwakōkankyoku)
- 電話交換手 (denwakōkanshu)
- 電話交換台 (denwakōkandai)
- 電話口 (denwaguchi)
- 電話室 (denwashitsu)
- 電話世論調査 (denwaseronchōsa)
- 電話線 (denwasen): a telephone wire
- 電話中 (denwachū)
- 電話帳 (denwachō): a telephone book
- 電話調査 (denwachōsa)
- 電話番号 (denwabangō): a telephone number
- 電話網 (denwamō): a telephone net
- 電話料 (denwaryō)
- 電話加入者 (denwakanyūsha)
- 悪戯電話 (itazuradenwa): a prank call
- 共同電話 (kyōdōdenwa): a party line
- ダイヤル式電話 (daiyarushikidenwa): a dial telephone
- プッシュホン式電話 (pusshuhonshikidenwa): a push-button telephone
Descendants
[edit]- → Amis: tingwa, dingwa
- → Atayal: renwa'
- → Bunun: ding-ua, zing-ua
- → Chinese: 電話 / 电话 (diànhuà)
- → Kavalan: dingwa
- → Korean: 전화 (jeonhwa)
- → Okinawan: 電話 (でぃんわ, dinwa)
- → Paiwan: dingwa
- → Pingelapese: dengiwa
- → Pohnpeian: dengwa
- → Puyuma: dingwa
- → Rukai: dingwa, dinva
- → Taroko: dengwa
- → Tsou: tenva
- → Vietnamese: điện thoại
- → Yami: dingwa
Verb
[edit]電話する • (denwa suru) suru (stem 電話し (denwa shi), past 電話した (denwa shita))
- to make a phone call; to telephone; to call
Usage notes
[edit]- In order to imply whom one is calling as is done in English with the preposition to in make a phone call to or by the objective case as him in the sentence I called him, the Japanese use に (ni):
- 私は彼に電話するつもりだ。
- Watashi wa kare ni denwa suru tsumori da.
- I'm going to call him.
- 私は彼に電話するつもりだ。
Conjugation
[edit]Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 電話し | でんわし | denwa shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 電話し | でんわし | denwa shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 電話する | でんわする | denwa suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 電話する | でんわする | denwa suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 電話すれ | でんわすれ | denwa sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 電話せよ¹ 電話しろ² |
でんわせよ¹ でんわしろ² |
denwa seyo¹ denwa shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 電話される | でんわされる | denwa sareru | |
Causative | 電話させる 電話さす |
でんわさせる でんわさす |
denwa saseru denwa sasu | |
Potential | 電話できる | でんわできる | denwa dekiru | |
Volitional | 電話しよう | でんわしよう | denwa shiyō | |
Negative | 電話しない | でんわしない | denwa shinai | |
Negative continuative | 電話せず | でんわせず | denwa sezu | |
Formal | 電話します | でんわします | denwa shimasu | |
Perfective | 電話した | でんわした | denwa shita | |
Conjunctive | 電話して | でんわして | denwa shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 電話すれば | でんわすれば | denwa sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
電 | 話 |
Noun
[edit]Okinawan
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
電 | 話 |
でぃん Grade: 2 |
わ Grade: 2 |
Noun
[edit]電話 (dinwa)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
電 | 話 |
Noun
[edit]電話
- chữ Hán form of điện thoại (“telephone”).
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Wasei kango
- Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 電
- Chinese terms spelled with 話
- Chinese countable nouns
- Chinese nouns classified by 部
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Chinese nouns classified by 通
- Chinese nouns classified by 個/个
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Telecommunications
- zh:Technology
- zh:Communication
- zh:Telephony
- Japanese terms spelled with 電 read as でん
- Japanese terms spelled with 話 read as わ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- ja:Telephony
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Okinawan terms spelled with 電 read as でぃん
- Okinawan terms spelled with 話 read as わ
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Okinawan terms with 2 kanji
- ryu:Telephony
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán