Ikon samarwa
 Ikon samarwa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
capacity (en)  |
Gyaran iko'Rubutu mai gwaɓi' samarwa shine matsakaicin yiwuwar fitarwa na tattalin arziki. A cewar Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ciniki da Ci gaba (UNCTAD), babu ma'anar da aka amince da ita game da matsakaicin fitarwa. UNCTAD kanta ta ba da shawarar: " albarkatun samarwa, damar kasuwanci da haɗi samarwa wanda tare ya ƙayyade ikon ƙasa don samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka. " Ana iya amfani da kalmar ga albarkatun mutum ko kadarori; misali ƙarfin samarwa na yankin gonar gona. [better source needed]
Ma'anar da ta fi zurfi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]'ikon samarwa' yana da alaƙa da iyakar yiwuwar samarwa (PPF) wanda shine amsar tambayar menene matsakaicin ikon samarwa na wani tattalin arziki wanda ke nufin amfani da albarkatun tattalin arziki da yawa don samar da kayan aiki yadda zai yiwu. A cikin daidaitattun jadawalin PPF, an saita nau'ikan kaya guda biyu. PPF yana nuna duk yiwuwar haɗuwa da waɗannan kayayyaki waɗanda za a iya samar da su ta hanyar wani tattalin arziki saboda ƙarancin albarkatun sa kuma yana haifar da layin da ke ƙasa. Lokacin da wani jiki ya kai kowane matsayi a ƙarƙashin layin, samar da jiki yana ƙarƙashin damar samarwa. Lokacin da haɗin jiki na kayan biyu da aka haɗa a cikin jadawalin ya kai wani batu wanda ke tsaye a kan layin PPF, jiki yana cikin matsakaicin yawan aiki, wanda ke haifar da mafi girman inganci a jikin. Ba za a iya cimma wani yanayi ba saboda layin yana ba da iyaka ga samar da kayayyaki wanda ba zai yiwu a wuce shi ba. A cikin yanayin jadawalin iyawa mai samarwa, a kan layin kwance an bayyana kayan babban birnin kuma a kan laayin tsaye, an bayyana kayan mabukaci. Ayyukan jadawalin iyawa iri ɗaya ne da na jadawalin PPF da aka ambata a sama. Abinda kawai za a iya fitarwa shine waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin da kan layin PPF. Idan tattalin arziki ya sha wahala daga rashin samarwa, don haka za'a iya samun ma'aunin fitarwa a ƙarƙashin damar samarwa, tattalin arzikin ya rasa matsakaicin damar fitarwa kuma an ƙirƙiri ƙarfin ajiya. Wannan ya yi daidai da gaskiyar cewa tattalin arziki yana da ƙananan GDP fiye da yadda zai yiwu. Tattalin arzikin da ke daukar ma'aikata ga duk mutanen da ke aiki a tattalin arziki da duk albarkatun da ke samarwa yadda ya kamata a kan layin PPF, saboda haka yana da mafi girman GDP kamar yadda zai yiwu.[1]
Ƙarfafa ikon samarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]The process of heightening productive capacity can be related to many reasons, such as:[2]Samfuri:Better source needed
- Yawan ma'aikata - Mafi mahimmancin abu shine yadda girman da kuma yadda ya cancanta shine kewayon aikin tattalin arziki. Tare da mutane masu aiki a tattalin arziki, ƙarancin rashin aikin yi da kuma babban matakin mutum, tattalin arziki ya fi iya motsa PPF zuwa dama.
- Ayyukan aiki - Yana da alaƙa da ilimi, motsawa, ingancin aiki da dai sauransu. Mutanen da suka sami motsawa ta ciki suna aiwatar da ayyukan da suka shafi aiki fiye da mutanen da suka gaji da aikinsu. Tare da aiki mafi inganci, al'umma tana da damar yin mafi kyawun su, don haka tana da mafi girman fitarwa saboda tasiri mai kyau akan yawan aiki wanda ke kara ingancin sa, saboda haka ci gaban GDP. [better source needed]
- Girman babban birnin - Yawan albarkatun kudi. Ya haɗa da kadarorin kuɗi, kamfanoni, injuna, takardun shaida ko fasahar da ma'aikata za su iya amfani da ita a cikin tsarin samarwa. Kullum yana da kyau a rarrabe tsakanin kashewa ko saka hannun jari saboda saka hannun jari sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da haɓaka babban birnin. Saboda wannan gaskiyar, kamfanoni, jihohi ko ma dukan al'umma na iya zama mafi kyau.
- Kyakkyawan 'yan kasuwa - Kyakkyawar iyawar mutane a cikin wani jiha don ƙirƙirar, ɗaukar haɗari ko kafa sabbin kamfanoni. Tare da ƙarin 'yan kasuwa, za a sami gasa mai mahimmanci wanda zai iya haifar da daidaituwa. Ba tare da 'yan kasuwa ba, jihohi ba su da damar motsa ikon samar da su zuwa dama.[3] [better source needed]
- Tsayawa na siyasa - A cikin jihohin da ke fama da rikice-rikicen makamai, gwagwarmaya don iko, mafia da sauransu, shigowar saka hannun jari ba ta da yawa kamar yadda za ta iya kasancewa ba tare da duk batutuwan da aka ambata a sama ba. Kamfanoni da ke son fadada samar da su zuwa wasu ƙasashe galibi suna zaɓar jihohin da ke da babban kwanciyar hankali na siyasa saboda ba sa son yin hadari. Gaskiyar cewa saka hannun jari kai tsaye daga wata al'umma ta waje galibi tana kawo fa'idodi da yawa ga jihar da aka saka hannun jari a ciki sananne ne. Wasu daga cikin wadannan fa'idodi na iya zama sababbin fasahohi, samar da ayyuka, inganta dangantakar da ke tsakanin jihohin da aka haɗa a cikin tsari da sauransu da yawa.[4] [better source needed]
Ikon samar da kasashe masu tasowa a duniya (LDC)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dukkanin maganganun da aka ambata a sama waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don haɓaka ƙarfin samarwa sun shafi LDC. Zuba jari a cikin mutum ko babban birnin kudi, samar da ilimi mafi kyau, sababbin abubuwa ko haɓaka 'yan kasuwa - duk waɗannan dole ne a aiwatar da su musamman a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. Kodayake, saboda takamaiman matsayi na farawa, akwai ƙarin shawarwari da yawa don cin nasara a cikin tsarin haɓaka ƙarfin samarwa:
- Inganta yanayin ƙasa - Dole ne a inganta ingancin ababen more rayuwa, sufuri, ko sabis na sadarwa don yaudarar masu saka hannun jari daga ƙasashen waje. Ba tare da saka hannun jari a cikin muhalli ba, damar jihohi don sarrafa shigowar masu saka hannun jari ta kusanci sifili.
- Inganta samar da wutar lantarki - A yau, yawancin wurare sun dogara da wutar lantarki. Ba tare da isar da wutar lantarki ba, babu masu saka hannun jari da za su zo saboda wutar lantarki da ake buƙata don fahimtar saka hannun jari le wasu dalilai da yawa.
- Gina ababen more rayuwa na zamantakewa - ababen more aiki na zamantakewa ya ƙunshi gine-ginen da ke ba wa mutane ilimi, kiwon lafiya, banki, da dai sauransu. Duk waɗannan suna da mahimmanci kamar waɗanda aka ambata a sama - LDC waɗanda ke son samun nasara wajen inganta ƙasarsu dole ne su inganta duk maganganun tare saboda suna da alaƙa da shigowar masu saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje.[5] [better source needed]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Amfani da iyawa
- Ikon tattalin arziki
- Tabbacin samarwa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Andrew Bloomenthal. "What the Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) Curve Shows". Investopedia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-04-28.
- ↑ Pettinger, Tejvan (October 22, 2017). "Productive Capacity". Economics Help (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-04-28.
- ↑ Potter, David M. (1962). "The Achieving Society. By David C. McClelland. Princeton, New Jersey, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 512. $7.95". Business History Review. 36 (4): 470–473. doi:10.2307/3111921. ISSN 0007-6805. JSTOR 3111921. S2CID 154118037.
- ↑ "Figure 2—source data 3. Examples of [2Fe-2S], [3Fe-4S], and [4Fe-4S] cluster binding motifs that are not found in Cgr2 (Zhang et al., 2010; Nakamaru-Ogiso et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2004; Pandelia et al., 2011; Schnackerz et al., 2004; Leech et al., 2003; Gorodetsky et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2010; Weiner et al., 2007; Klinge et al., 2007; Dickert et al., 2002; Conover et al., 1990; Schneider and Schmidt, 2005; Iwasaki et al., 2000; Banci et al., 2013; Dailey and Dailey, 2002; Jung et al., 2000)". doi:10.7554/elife.33953.013. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ "Strengthening productive capacity". Making It Magazine (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-04-28.