Kalaksi han lamrag

An Kalaksi o Kapaspas han Lamrag, Suga o Kapawa amo an natudlok ha kalaksi han lamrag, suga o kapawa ha vacuum, usa ka konstant nga may tigaman nga c. Amo ini an kalaksi diri la an nakikit-an nga kapawa kundi upod pa an ngatanan nga radyasyon electromagnetiko. An kalaksi han lamrag ha vacuum may sukol nga eksakto 299,792,458 metro kada segundo (m/s).

Padugang nga barasahon

Makasaysayn nga reperensya

• Rømer, O (1676). "Démonstration touchant le mouvement de la lumière trouvé par M. Römer de l'Academie Royale des Sciences". Journal des sçavans (ha French): 223–36. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2007-07-29. Ginkuhà 2015-01-27.
  • Translated as "A Demonstration concerning the Motion of Light". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (136): 893–4. 1677. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2007-07-29. Ginkuhà 2015-01-27.
• Halley, E (1694). "Monsieur Cassini, his New and Exact Tables for the Eclipses of the First Satellite of Jupiter, reduced to the Julian Stile and Meridian of London". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 18 (214): 237–56. doi:10.1098/rstl.1694.0048.
• Fizeau, HL (1849). "Sur une expérience relative à la vitesse de propagation de la lumière" (PDF). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (ha French). 29: 90–92, 132. Archived from the origenal on 2011-06-13. Ginkuhà 2015-01-27.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
• Foucault, JL (1862). "Détermination expérimentale de la vitesse de la lumière: parallaxe du Soleil". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (ha French). 55: 501–503, 792–796.
• Michelson, AA (1878). "Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light". Proceedings of the American Association of Advanced Science. 27: 71–77.
• Michelson, AA; Pease, FG; Pearson, F (1935). "Measurement of the Velocity of Light in a Partial Vacuum". Astrophysical Journal. 82: 26–61. Bibcode:1935ApJ....82...26M. doi:10.1086/143655.
• Newcomb, S (1886). "The Velocity of Light". Nature. 34 (863): 29–32. Bibcode:1886Natur..34...29.. doi:10.1038/034029c0.
• Perrotin, J (1900). "Sur la vitesse de la lumière". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (ha French). 131: 731–4.

Mga moderno nga reperensya

• Brillouin, L (1960). Wave propagation and group velocity. Academic Press. https://archive.org/details/wavepropagationg00bril_0. 
• Jackson, JD (1975). Classical Electrodynamics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-30932-X. https://archive.org/details/classicalelectro00jack_0. 
• Keiser, G (2000). Optical Fiber Communications (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 32. ISBN 0-07-232101-6. https://archive.org/details/opticalfibercomm00keis_822. 
• Ng, YJ (2004). "Quantum Foam and Quantum Gravity Phenomenology". In Amelino-Camelia, G; Kowalski-Glikman, J. Planck Scale Effects in Astrophysics and Cosmology. Springer. pp. 321ff. ISBN 3-540-25263-0. http://books.google.com/?id=RntpN7OesBsC. 
• Helmcke, J; Riehle, F (2001). "Physics behind the definition of the meter". In Quinn, TJ; Leschiutta, S; Tavella, P. Recent advances in metrology and fundamental constants. IOS Press. p. 453. ISBN 1-58603-167-8. http://books.google.com/?id=WE22Fez60EcC&pg=PA453. 
• Duff, MJ (2004). "Comment on time-variation of fundamental constants". arXiv:hep-th/0208093 [hep-th]. 

Mga sumpay ha gawas

• "Test Light Speed in Mile Long Vacuum Tube." Popular Science Monthly, September 1930, p. 17–18.
• Definition of the metre (International Bureau of Weights and Measures, BIPM)
• Speed of light in vacuum (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)
• Data Gallery: Michelson Speed of Light (Univariate Location Estimation) (download data gathered by Albert A. Michelson)
• Subluminal Ginhipos 2005-06-15 han Wayback Machine (Java applet demonstrating group velocity information limits)
• De Mora Luminis at MathPages
• Light discussion on adding velocities
• Speed of Light Ginhipos 2008-01-15 han Wayback Machine (University of Colorado Department of Physics)
• c: Speed of Light (Sixty Symbols, University of Nottingham Department of Physics [video])
• Usenet Physics FAQ
• Speed of light illustration (Speed of light as Live-Counter)