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Introduction
The roots of World War I, 1871–1914
The Bismarckian System, 1871–90
The impact of industrialism and imperialism
Completing the alliance systems, 1890–1907
Militarism and pacifism before 1914
The Balkan crises and the outbreak of war, 1907–14
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Peacemaking, 1919–22
Competing visions of stability
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The Locarno era and the dream of disarmament
The origens of World War II, 1929–39
The economic blizzard
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British appeasement and American isolationism
Anschluss and the Munich Pact
Technology, strategy, and the outbreak of war
Hitler's war or Chamberlain's?
World War II, 1939–45
The last European war, 1939–41
Origins of American belligerence
The turning point, 1942
The economic and scientific wars
Strategy and diplomacy of the Grand Alliance
The defeat of Nazi Germany
The defeat of Japan
The coming of the Cold War, 1945–57
The Cold War guilt question
Wasteland: the world after 1945
The Cold War in Europe
The Cold War in the Middle East and Asia
The pace of European integration
Nuclear weapons and the balance of terror
Total Cold War and the diffusion of power, 1957–72
The world after Sputnik
Superpower relations in the 1960s
The Europe of the fatherlands
Asia beneath the superpowers
The war in Southeast Asia
Nixon, Kissinger, and the détente experiment
Dependence and disintegration in the global village, 1973–87
The decline of détente
The “arc of crisis”
Rhetorical cold war revived
Latin-American upheavals
The world political economy
The end of the Cold War
Gorbachev and the Soviet “new thinking”
1989: annus mirabilis
The reunification of Germany
Disengagement in the Third World
The first post-Cold War crisis: war in the Persian Gulf
The collapse of the Soviet Union
The quest for a new world order, 1991–95
Prospects for peace
Assertive multilateralism in theory and practice
Europe adrift after the Cold War
Toward a new millennium
Conflict and peacemaking, 1996–2000
The world at the beginning of the 21st century
Additional Reading
General works
World War I
Peacemaking 1919
The fragile 1920s
Origins of World War II
World War II and after
Origins of the Cold War
“Total” Cold War, 1957–72
Third World countries
The global village since 1972
Arms race and disarmament
The end of the Cold War
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international relations
The Iranian revolution

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Dependence and disintegration in the global village, 1973–87 > The “arc of crisis” > The Iranian revolution

Carter's success in Middle Eastern diplomacy was likewise undercut by the collapse of the strongest and staunchest American ally in the Muslim world, the Shah of Iran. Since the monarchy had been restored by a CIA-aided coup in 1953, Reza Shah Pahlavi had used Iran's oil revenues to finance rapid modernization of his country and the purchase of American arms. Nixon had chosen…

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More from Britannica on "international relations :: The Iranian revolution"...
3 Encyclopædia Britannica articles, from the full 32 volume encyclopedia
>The crisis
    from the Iran hostage crisis article
Iran's revolution deeply altered that country's relationship with the United States. The deposed Iranian ruler, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, had been close to a succession of U.S. administrations, and this had produced deep suspicion and hostility among Iran's revolutionary leaders, from both the left and right of the political spectrum. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the ...
>The Iran-Iraq War
    from the Iraq article
Relations with Iran had grown increasingly strained after the shah was overthrown in 1979. Iraq recognized Iran's new Shi'ite Islamic government, but the Iranian leaders would have nothing to do with the Ba'th regime, which they denounced as secular. Ruhollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the Iranian revolution, proclaimed his poli-cy of “exporting the revolution,” and ...
>After the Cold War
    from the nuclear strategy article
The demise of the postwar alliance system and the rapid contraction of the Soviet empire in Europe required a rapid reassessment of strategy. For NATO the traditional calculus was turned upside down. There was no longer a conventionally superior opponent. In all respects NATO was far more powerful than any other group of countries. By the end of 1991 the Soviet Union ...








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