List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Section I: Echinodermata

Chapter 1. General Characteristics of the Echinoderms

I. Introduction

II. Distinguishing Characteristics

III. Ontogenesis

IV. Symmetry

V. Skeleton

VI. Nervous System

VII. Digestive Tube

VIII. Coelom

IX. Lacunar Hemal System

X. Axial Organ

XI. Coelomocytes and Internal Fluids

XII. Reproductive System

XIII. Position in the Zoological System

XIV. Relationships among the Classes of Echinoderms

XV. Classification

XVI. Systematics

References

Chapter 2. Ionic Patterns

I. Introduction

II. Histology

III. Dimensions of the Extracellular Space

IV. Kinetics of Albumin Diffusion

V. Ionic Content

VI. Ionic Exchange in Holothuroidean Muscle

VII. Discussion

References

Chapter 3. Feeding, Digestion, and Nutrition in Echinodermata

I. Introduction

II. General Nutritive Requirements

III. Mechanisms for Collecting and Ingesting Nutrients

IV. Factors Affecting Food Selection

V. Digestive Mechanisms

VI. Fate of the Digested Products

References

Chapter 4. Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Echinoderms

I. Introduction

II. Mucopolysaccharides

III. Steroid Glycoside Toxins from Echinoderms

IV. Structure and Distribution of Glycogen

V. Physiology and Metabolism of Glycogen

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 5. Lipid Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Lipids

References

Chapter 6. Pigments in Echinodermata

I. Crinoidea

II. Echinoidea

III. Holothuroidea

IV. Asteroidea

V. Ophiuroidea

VI. Comment

References

Chapter 7. Fertilization and Development

I. Introduction

II. Formation of the Egg

III. Fertilization

IV. Development

References

Chapter 8. Pharmacology of Echinoderms

I. Introduction

II. Effects of Different Substances on Various Systems

III. Pharmacological Effects on Larvae

IV. Pharmacological Effects on Whole Animals

V. Occurrence of Biologically Active Substances

VI. Summary

References

Section II: Nematoda and Acanthocephala

Chapter 1. The Systematics and Biology of Some Parasitic Nematodes

Classification

I. Rhabditida

II. Strongylida

III. Ascarida

IV. Spirurida

V. Adenophorea

VI. Dioctophymatida

References

Chapter 2. The Biology of the Acanthocephala

Text

References

Chapter 3. Skeletal Structures and Integument of Acanthocephala and Nematoda

I. Introduction

II. Acanthocephala

III. Nematoda

IV. Conclusion

References

Chapter 4. Culture Methods and Nutrition of Nematodes and Acanthocephala

I. Culture Methods and Nutrition of Free-Living Nematodes

II. Culture Methods and Nutrition of Parasitic Nematodes

III. The Culture and Nutrition of Acanthocephala

References

Chapter 5. Carbohydrate and Energy Metabolism of Nematodes and Acanthocephala

I. Introduction

II. Nematodes Which Are Obligate Aerobes

III. Nematodes Which Lack an Oxygen Requirement for Energy Metabolism in at Least One Stage

IV. Acanthocephala

V. Summary

References

Chapter 6. Lipid Components and Metabolism of Acanthocephala and Nematoda

I. Introduction

II. Nature and Distribution

III. Digestion and Absorption. Lipases and Esterases

IV. Origins and Catabolism

V. Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 7. Nitrogenous Components and Their Metabolism: Acanthocephala and Nematoda

I. Introduction

II. Proteinases in Nematodes

III. The Absorption of Nitrogenous Substances in Nematodes

IV. The Absorption of Nitrogenous Substances in Acanthocephala

V. The Excretion of Nitrogenous Substances by Nematodes

VI. The Metabolism of Amino Acids in Nematodes

VII. The Metabolism of Amino Acids in Acanthocephala

VIII. Proteins in Nematodes

IX. Proteins of the Acanthocephala

X. Metabolism of Heme Compounds

XI. Nucleic Acids in Nematodes

References

Chapter 8. Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Nematodes

I. Introduction

II. The Nematode Egg

III. Larval Stages

IV. Adult Nematodes

V. Summary

References

Chapter 9. Chemical Aspects of Growth and Development

I. Introduction

II. Special Features Which Affect Growth

III. Growth Curves and the Measurement of Growth

IV. Factors in the Environment Which Affect Growth

V. Intermediary Metabolism in Relation to Growth

VI. The Chemistry of the Hatching of Eggs

VII. The Chemistry of Molting and Excystment

References

Chapter 10. The Pigments of Nematoda and Acanthocephala

I. Introduction

II. Nematoda

III. Acanthocephala

References

Chapter 11. Pharmacology of Nematoda

I. Introduction

II. Drugs Acting on the Nervous System

III. Drugs Acting on the Neuromuscular System

IV. Miscellaneous Drugs Which May Interfere with Excitation Processes

V. Drugs Which Interfere with Nutritional and Metabolic Processes

VI. Compounds Which Interfere with Reproduction and the Larval Stages

VII. Nonspecific Drugs and Protoplasm Poisons

VIII. Proteolytic Enzymes

References

Chapter 12. Chemistry of Nematodes in Relation to Serological Diagnosis

I. Introduction

II. Antigen Extractions

III. Antigens from Excretions and Secretions

IV. Conclusion

References

Chapter 13. Chemical Ecology of Acanthocephala and Nematoda

I. Introduction

II. Acanthocephala

III. Nematoda

References

Chapter 14. Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Rotatoria, Kamptozoa, Nematomorpha, Nemertina, Priapuloidea

I. Introduction

II. Gastrotricha and Kinorhyncha (Echinoderida)

III. Rotatoria

IV. Kamptozoa (Entoprocta)

V. Nematomorpha (Gordiacea)

VI. Nemertina (Ribbonworms)

VII. Priapuloidea

References

Author Index

Subject Index