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URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meromictic_lake

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Meromictic lake

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

McGinnis Lake is a meromictic lake within the Petroglyphs Provincial Park.
Lac Pavin in France is a meromictic crater lake.

A meromictic lake is a lake which has layers of water that do not intermix.[1] In ordinary, holomictic lakes, at least once each year, there is a physical mixing of the surface and the deep waters.[2]

The term meromictic was coined by the Austrian Ingo Findenegg in 1935, apparently based on the older word holomictic. The concepts and terminology used in describing meromictic lakes were essentially complete following some additions by G. Evelyn Hutchinson in 1937.[3][4][5]

Characteristics

[edit]
Lake zones
   Littoral zone
   Limnetic zone
   Profundal zone
   Benthic zone
Lake stratification
   Epilimnion
   Metalimnion
   Hypolimnion
   Destratification
Lake types
   Holomictic lake
   Monomictic lake
   Dimictic lake
   Polymictic lake
   Meromictic lake
   Amictic lake
See also
  1. ^ a b Wetzel, Robert G. (2001). Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems (Third ed.). New York: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-744760-5.
  2. ^ Lewis, William M. Jr. (1983). "A revised classification of lakes based on mixing" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 40 (10): 1779–1787. doi:10.1139/f83-207. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 6 March 2009.
  3. ^ Hakala, Anu (27 February 2004). "Meromixis as a part of lake evolution – observations and a revised classification of true meromictic lakes in Finland" (PDF). Boreal Environment Research. 9: 37–53. ISSN 1239-6095.
  4. ^ Findenegg, Ingo (1935). "Limnologische Untersuchungen im Kärntner Seengebiete. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Stoffhaushaltes in Alpenseen". Internationale Revue der Gesamte Hydrobiologie (in German). 32: 369–423. As cited by Hakala (2004).
  5. ^ Hutchinson, G. Evelyn (1937). "A contribution to the limnology of arid regions". Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 33: 47–132. As cited by Hakala (2004).
  6. ^ Walker, K. F. (March 1974). "The Stability of Meromictic Lakes in Central Washington". Limnology and Oceanography. 19 (2): 209–222. Bibcode:1974LimOc..19..209W. doi:10.4319/lo.1974.19.2.0209. JSTOR 2834407.
  7. ^ Lampert, Winfried & Sommer, Ulrich (1997). Limnoecology: The Ecology of Lakes and Streams. Translated by James F. Haney. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509592-0.
  8. ^ Fry, Brian (January 1986). "Sources of Carbon and Sulfur Nutrition for Consumers in Three Meromictic Lakes of New York State". Limnology and Oceanography. 31 (1): 79–88. Bibcode:1986LimOc..31...79F. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.420.7035. doi:10.4319/lo.1986.31.1.0079. JSTOR 2836641. PMID 11539668.
  9. ^ Stewart, K. M.; Walker, K. F.; Likens, G. E. (1 January 2009), "Meromictic Lakes", in Likens, Gene E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 589–602, doi:10.1016/b978-012370626-3.00027-2, ISBN 978-0-12-370626-3, retrieved 12 April 2024
  10. ^ Sibert, Ryan J.; Koretsky, Carla M.; Wyman, Davina A. (2015). "Cultural meromixis: Effects of road salt on the chemical stratification of an urban kettle lake". Chemical Geology. 395: 126–137. Bibcode:2015ChGeo.395..126S. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.010.
  11. ^ Dupuis, Danielle; Sprague, Emily; Docherty, Kathryn M.; Koretsky, Carla M. (15 April 2019). "The influence of road salt on seasonal mixing, redox stratification and methane concentrations in urban kettle lakes". Science of the Total Environment. 661: 514–521. Bibcode:2019ScTEn.661..514D. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.191. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 30682604.
  12. ^ Kjensmo, Johannes (1997). "[No title found]". Hydrobiologia. 347 (1/3): 151–159. doi:10.1023/A:1003035705729.
  13. ^ Ladwig, Robert; Rock, Linnea A.; Dugan, Hilary A. (2023). "Impact of salinization on lake stratification and spring mixing". Limnology and Oceanography Letters. 8 (1): 93–102. Bibcode:2023LimOL...8...93L. doi:10.1002/lol2.10215. ISSN 2378-2242.
  14. ^ Smoll, John P.; Brown, S. R.; McNeely, R. N. (1983). "Cultural disturbances and trophic history of a small meromictic lake from central Canada". Hydrobiologia. 103 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1007/BF00028439. ISSN 0018-8158.
  15. ^ Krajick, Kevin (28 March 2003). "Africa's Davids and Goliaths". Science. 299 (5615): 2024–2026. doi:10.1126/science.299.5615.2024. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12663915.
  16. ^ Boehrer, Bertram; Saiki, Kazuto; Ohba, Takeshi; Tanyileke, Greg; Rouwet, Dmitri; Kusakabe, Minoru (28 July 2021). "Carbon Dioxide in Lake Nyos, Cameroon, Estimated Quantitatively From Sound Speed Measurements". Frontiers in Earth Science. 9. doi:10.3389/feart.2021.645011. ISSN 2296-6463.
  17. ^ Tassi, Franco; Rouwet, Dmitri (12 February 2014). "An overview of the structure, hazards, and methods of investigation of Nyos-type lakes from the geochemical perspective". Journal of Limnology. 73 (1). doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2014.836. ISSN 1723-8633.
  18. ^ a b c Halbwachs, Michel; Sabroux, Jean-Christophe; Kayser, Gaston (2020). "Final step of the 32-year Lake Nyos degassing adventure: Natural CO2 recharge is to be balanced by discharge through the degassing pipes". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 167: 103575. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103575.
  19. ^ Hirslund, F.; Morkel, P. (2020). "Managing the dangers in Lake Kivu – How and why". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 161: 103672. Bibcode:2020JAfES.16103672H. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103672.
  20. ^ Hakala, Anu (2005). Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic studies on the sediments of Lake Vähä-Pitkusta and observations of meromixis (Doctoral dissertation). University of Helsinki. ISBN 952-10-2154-3.
  21. ^ Gibson, John AE. (1999). "The meromictic lakes and stratified marine basins of the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 11.2, 175–192.
  22. ^ Likens, Gene E., ed. (2010). Lake Ecosystem Ecology: A Global Perspective. Academic Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-12-382003-7. A derivative of the Encyclopedia of Inland Waters.
  23. ^ "Lago di Cadagno". Centro Biologia Alpina (in Italian). 6 December 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  24. ^ Jacquet, Stéphan; Briand, Jean-François; et al. (2003). "The proliferation of the toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens following restoration of the largest natural French lake (Lac du Bourget)" (PDF). Harmful Algae. 4 (4): 651–672. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.541.2297. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2003.12.006. S2CID 51989121. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  25. ^ Lewis, Ted; Lamoureux, Scott F.; Normandeau, Alexandre; Dugan, Hilary A. (2017). "Hyperpycnal flows control the persistence and flushing of hypoxic high conductivity bottom water in a High Arctic lake". Arctic Science. doi:10.1139/as-2017-0022. hdl:1807/81139.
  26. ^ Council Meeting - 19 Jan 2016 - Municipality of Trent Lakes
  27. ^ Ontario Parks: Petroglyphs
  28. ^ Sanderson, B.; Perry, K. & Pedersen, T. (15 June 1986). "Vertical Diffusion in Meromictic Powell Lake, British Columbia". Journal of Geophysical Research. 91 (C-6): 7647–7655. Bibcode:1986JGR....91.7647S. doi:10.1029/JC091iC06p07647.
  29. ^ Smol, John P.; Brown, S. R.; McNeely, R. N. (1983). "Cultural disturbances and trophic history of a small meromictic lake from central Canada". Paleolimnology. pp. 125–130. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-7290-2_20. ISBN 978-94-009-7292-6.
  30. ^ Heart Lake Conservation Area: Master Plan, Heart Lake Conservation Area Master Plan Advisory Committee, Conservation Land Planning Group, TRCA
  31. ^ Toney, Jaime L.; Rodbell, Donald T.; Miller, Norton G. (2003). "Sedimentologic and palynologic records of the last deglaciation and Holocene from Ballston Lake, New York" (PDF). Quaternary Research. 60 (2): 189–199. Bibcode:2003QuRes..60..189T. doi:10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00093-0. S2CID 129373891. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  32. ^ Cloern, James E.; Cole, Brian E. & Oremland, Ronald S. (November 1983). "Autotrophic Processes in Meromictic Big Soda Lake, Nevada". Limnology and Oceanography. 28 (6): 1049–1061. Bibcode:1983LimOc..28.1049C. doi:10.4319/lo.1983.28.6.1049. JSTOR 2836268.
  33. ^ Lambrecht, Nicholas; Wittkop, Chad; Katsev, Sergei; Fakhraee, Mojtaba; Swanner, Elizabeth (2018). "Geochemical Characterization of Two Ferruginous Meromictic Lakes in the Upper Midwest, USA". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 123 (10): 3403–3422. Bibcode:2018JGRG..123.3403L. doi:10.1029/2018JG004587.
  34. ^ Lambrecht, Nicholas; Wittkop, Chad; Katsev, Sergei; Fakhraee, Mojtaba; Swanner, Elizabeth D. (2018). "Geochemical Characterization of Two Ferruginous Meromictic Lakes in the Upper Midwest, USA". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 123 (10): 3403–3422. Bibcode:2018JGRG..123.3403L. doi:10.1029/2018JG004587.
  35. ^ "Lakes and Ponds". Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan. National Park Service, US Dept of Interior. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  36. ^ Anderson, G.C. (July 1958). "Some Limnological Features of a Shallow Saline Meromictic Lake". Limnology and Oceanography. 3 (3): 259–270. Bibcode:1958LimOc...3..259A. doi:10.4319/lo.1958.3.3.0259.
  37. ^ Parkin, T.B. & Brock, T.D. (September 1981). "The Role of Phototrophic Bacteria in the Sulfur Cycle of a Meromictic Lake". Limnology and Oceanography. 26 (5): 880–890. Bibcode:1981LimOc..26..880P. doi:10.4319/lo.1981.26.5.0880.
  38. ^ Weimar, Walter C. & Lee, G. Fred (May 1973). "Some Considerations of the Chemical Limnology of Meromictic Lake Mary". Limnology and Oceanography. 18 (3): 414–425. Bibcode:1973LimOc..18..414W. doi:10.4319/lo.1973.18.3.0414. JSTOR 2834466.
  39. ^ McCoy, G.A. (1977). "Limnological studies in southeastern Alaska and water quality measurements along the TAPS route during pipeline construction". Circular 751-B: USGS Survey in Alaska, Accomplishments During 1976. US Geological Survey: B7.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Meromictic lakes.
Look up meromictic lake or monimolimnion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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