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海藻糖

本頁使用了標題或全文手工轉換
維基百科，自由的百科全書
海藻糖
IUPAC名
2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol
英文名 Trehalose
別名 α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、α-海藻糖、蕈糖
識別
CAS號 99-20-7（無水）  checkY
6138-23-4（二水）  ☒N
PubChem 7427
ChemSpider 7149
SMILES
 
  • C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
InChI
 
  • 1/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1
InChIKey HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHBN
ChEBI 16551
性質
化學式 C12H22O11（無水）
摩爾質量 無水：342.296 g mol−1
二水：378.33 g·mol⁻¹
外觀 白色斜方晶體
密度 1.58 g/cm3 (24°C)
熔點 203°C (無水)
97°C (二水)
溶解性（水） 68.9 g / 100 g 水 (20°C)[1]
溶解性 溶於乙醇，難溶於乙醚和苯[2]
若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

海藻糖（Trehalose）是自然界的動植物和微生物中廣泛存在的一種雙糖，它是由2個葡萄糖通過 α,α-1,1-糖苷鍵所形成的非還原糖，按其化學結構可寫成 α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→1)-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。此外還有α,β-型的新海藻糖和β,β-型的異海藻糖兩種異構體，但在自然界中很少見。生物合成海藻糖是為了儲存能量和吸收水分，用來對抗冰凍和缺水。

從稀乙醇中析出的海藻糖二水物為無色或白色斜方晶系雙榍狀結晶，有甜味。用作食品添加劑（保水）和甜味劑，甜度相當於蔗糖的45％。由於不屬於還原性糖，因此與氨基酸和蛋白質共熱時不會發生美拉德反應褐變。

醣基海藻糖

[編輯]

醣基海藻糖(Glycosyl trehalose)為糖基化的海藻糖。

合成

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1994年，日本林原（HAYASHIBARA）株式會社，發明能使用澱粉作為海藻糖生產的技術，至今最少三種生物途徑支持海藻糖生物合成[3]，從而使用玉米澱粉工業化產出低成本海藻糖。除甜味較低，升糖指數並不會比蔗糖低。

參見

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參考資料

[編輯]
  1. ^ T. Novel functions and applications of trehalose. Pure Appl. Chem. 74(7):1263-1269. 2002. (PDF). [2009-06-14]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2010-12-29）. 
  2. ^ Lide, David R. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1998: 3-534. ISBN 0849305942. 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-19]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-11）.