Uhamisho mkuu wa Ulaya
Uhamisho mkuu wa Ulaya ni kipindi cha historia ya bara hilo kuanzia mwaka 300 hivi hadi 600 hivi BK[1][2].
Katikati yake, Dola la Roma Magharibi lilikoma (476) na falme mbalimbali, hasa za Kijerumaniki, zilikuja kutawala maeneo yake[3], pengine hata kwa msaada wa Dola la Roma Mashariki lililoendelea hadi mwaka 1453.
Wakazi wa Dola la Roma lote walikuwa milioni 40 hivi, kati yao wahamiaji wengi[4] labda 750,000. Lakini hayo makundi ya watu 10,000 au 20,000 kila moja yalivamia dola hilo na kulisambaratisha [5].
Matokeo yake yalikuwa mengi, makubwa, na ya kudumu.
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Halsall, Guy. Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
- ↑ "The Migration period (fourth to eighth century)", p.5 Migration Art, A.D. 300-800, 1995, Metropolitan Museum of Art, ed. Katharine Reynolds Brown, ISBN 0870997505, 9780870997501
- ↑ "History of Europe - Barbarian Migrations, Invasions | Britannica". www.britannica.com (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 2023-08-12.
- ↑ Giovanni Milani-Santarpia, "Immigration Roman Empire", MariaMilani.com
- ↑ Bury, J. B., The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians, Norton Library, 1967.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Barford, Paul M (2001). The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3977-9.
- Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew, mhr. (2000). The Role of Migration in the History of the Eurasian Steppe: Sedentary Civilization vs. 'Barbarian' and Nomad (Role Migrant History Eurasian Step). Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-61839-2.
- Börm, Henning (2013), Westrom. Von Honorius bis Justinian, Kohlhammer Verlag, ISBN 978-3-17-023276-1
- Curta, Florin (2001). The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-42888-0.
- Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81539-0.
- Dumville, David (1990). Histories and pseudo-histories of the insular Middle Ages. Aldershot, Hampshire: Variorum.
- Friedrich, Matthias and Harland, James M., eds. (2020): Interrogating the "Germanic": A Category and its Use in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-069976-0.
- Geary, Patrick (2003). Myth of Nations. The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton Paperbacks. ISBN 0-691-11481-1.
- Geary, Patrick (2006). "The crisis of European identity". Katika Thomas F.X. Noble (mhr.). From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32742-3.
- Green, D. H. (1998). Language and history in the early Germanic world. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79423-7.
- Halsall, Guy (2006a). "The Barbarian invasions". Katika Paul Fouracre (mhr.). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 1: c. 500 – c. 700. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36291-1.
- Halsall, Guy (2006b). "Movers and shakers: the barbarians and the fall of Rome". Katika Thomas F.X. Noble (mhr.). From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32742-3.
- Halsall, Guy (2008). Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43491-1.
- Heather, Peter J (1998). The Goths. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-20932-8.
- Heather, Peter (2006). "Foedera and foederati of the fourth century". Katika Thomas F.X. Noble (mhr.). From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32742-3.
- Kleineberg, A.; Marx, Chr.; Knobloch, E.; Lelgemann, D.: Germania und die Insel Thule. Die Entschlüsselung von Ptolemaios' "Atlas der Oikumene". WBG 2010. ISBN 978-3-534-23757-9.
- Kulikowski, Michael (2007). Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84633-2.
- Noble, Thomas F.X., mhr. (2006). From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32742-3.
- Pohl, Walter (1998). "Conceptions of Ethnicity in Early Medieval Studies". Katika Little, Lester K; Rosenwein, Barbara (whr.). Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1-57718-008-9.
- Todd, Malcolm (1996-02-12). The Early Germans. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-19904-7.
- Wolfram, Herwig (2001). Die Goten. Von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des sechsten Jahrhunderts. München: C. H. Beck.
- Wood, Ian (2006). "Defining the Franks: Frankish origens in early medieval historiography". Katika Thomas F.X. Noble (mhr.). From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32742-3.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
media kuhusu Migration period pa Wikimedia Commons
|
Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya kihistoria bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Uhamisho mkuu wa Ulaya kama enzi zake au matokeo yake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |