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{{redirect|Hindemith}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Paul Hindemith
| image = Paul Hindemith 1923.jpg
| image_upright =
| caption = Paul Hindemith in 1923
| birth_date = {{birth date|1895|11|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hanau]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1963|12|28|1895|11|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Frankfurt]], Germany
| education = [[Hoch Conservatory|Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium]]
| occupation = {{plainlist|
* Violist
* Composer
* Academic teacher
}}
| works = [[List of compositions by Paul Hindemith|Compositions]]
| organization = {{plainlist|
* [[Oper Frankfurt|Frankfurt Opera Orchestra]]
* [[Amar Quartet]]
* [[University of Zürich]]
}}
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Howland Memorial Prize]]
* [[Pour le Mérite]]
* [[Wihuri Sibelius Prize]]
* [[Balzan Prize]]
}}
}}
'''Paul Hindemith''' ({{IPAc-en|'|p|aʊ|l| |'|h|ɪ|n|d|ə|m|ɪ|t}}; 16 November 1895{{spnd}}28 December 1963) was a prolific German [[composer]], [[viola|violist]], [[violin]]ist, teacher and [[Conducting|conductor]]. He founded the [[Amar Quartet]] in 1921, touring extensively in Europe.<ref name="Mootz" /> As a composer, he became a major advocate of the ''[[Neue Sachlichkeit]]'' (new objectivity) style of music in the 1920s,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.roh.org.uk/people/paul-hindemith|title=Paul Hindemith — People — Royal Opera House|website=www.roh.org.uk|access-date=22 August 2018}}</ref> with compositions such as ''[[Kammermusik (Hindemith)|Kammermusik]]''. Reminiscent of Bach's ''[[Brandenburg Concertos]]'', they include works with viola and viola d'amore as solo instruments in a neo-Bachian spirit. Other notable compositions include his song cycle ''[[Das Marienleben]]'' (1923), ''[[Der Schwanendreher]]'' for viola and orchestra (1935), the opera ''[[Mathis der Maler (opera)|Mathis der Maler]]'' (1938), and the ''[[Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber]]'' (1943), and the oratorio ''[[When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd (Hindemith)|When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd]]'', a Requiem based on [[When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd|Walt Whitman's poem]] (1946).
== Life and career ==
Hindemith was born in [[Hanau]], near [[Frankfurt]], as the eldest child of the painter and decorator Robert Hindemith from Lower Silesia and his wife Marie Hindemith, née Warnecke.<ref name="lexm" /> He was taught the [[violin]] as a child. He entered Frankfurt's [[Hoch Conservatory|Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium]], where he studied violin with [[Adolf Rebner]], as well as [[conducting]] and composition with [[Arnold Mendelssohn]] and [[Bernhard Sekles]]. At first he supported himself by playing in dance bands and musical-comedy groups. He became deputy leader of the [[Oper Frankfurt|Frankfurt Opera Orchestra]] in 1914, and was promoted to [[concertmaster]] in 1916.<ref name="Mootz">{{cite news |last=Mootz |first=William |date=19 February 1950 |title=Hindemith To Conduct Sinfonietta Here Next Week |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52000849/paul-hindemith-mootz/ |work=[[The Courier-Journal]] |location=Louisville, Kentucky |page=69 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> He played second violin in the [[Adolf Rebner|Rebner]] [[String quartet|String Quartet]] from 1914.
Hindemith was conscripted into the [[Imperial German Army]] in September 1917 and sent to join his regiment in Alsace in January 1918.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite Grove |last = Schubert |first = Giselher |year = 2001 |title = Paul Hindemith |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13053}}</ref> There he was assigned to play bass drum in the regiment band, and also formed a string quartet. In May 1918 he was deployed to the front in Flanders, where he served as a sentry; his diary shows him "surviving grenade attacks only by good luck", according to ''[[New Grove Dictionary]]''.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> After the armistice he returned to Frankfurt and the Rebner Quartet.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
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