φαίνω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *pʰáňňō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂nyéti, from *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”).
The present tense system includes a *-y- progressive aspect marker.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰǎi̯.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰɛ.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸɛ.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfe.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfe.no/
Verb
editφαίνω • (phaínō)
- (transitive) to cause to appear, bring to light; to show, uncover, reveal
- (transitive) to make known, reveal, disclose
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1229:
- ὅσα κεύθει, τὰ δ’ αὐτίκ’ εἰς τὸ φῶς φανεῖ κακὰ ἑκόντα κοὐκ ἄκοντα.
- hósa keúthei, tà d’ autík’ eis tò phôs phaneî kakà hekónta kouk ákonta.
- So many are the ills that this house shrouds, or will soon bring to light, ills wrought not unwillingly but on purpose.
- ὅσα κεύθει, τὰ δ’ αὐτίκ’ εἰς τὸ φῶς φανεῖ κακὰ ἑκόντα κοὐκ ἄκοντα.
- (of sound)
- (transitive) Ι show forth, expound
- (transitive) to denounce
- 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 300:
- φανῶ σε τοῖς πρυτάνεσιν ἀδεκατεύτους τῶν θεῶν ἱερὰς ἔχοντα κοιλίας.
- phanô se toîs prutánesin adekateútous tôn theôn hieràs ékhonta koilías.
- I will denounce you to the Prytanes as the owner of sacred tripe, that has not paid tithe.
- φανῶ σε τοῖς πρυτάνεσιν ἀδεκατεύτους τῶν θεῶν ἱερὰς ἔχοντα κοιλίας.
- (intransitive) to shine, give light
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 586:
- ὁ δ’ ἥλιος […] οὐ φανεῖν ἔφασκεν ὑμῖν, εἰ στρατηγήσει Κλέων.
- ho d’ hḗlios […] ou phaneîn éphasken humîn, ei stratēgḗsei Kléōn.
- and the Sun […] declared he would not give you light, if Cleon should be your general.
- ὁ δ’ ἥλιος […] οὐ φανεῖν ἔφασκεν ὑμῖν, εἰ στρατηγήσει Κλέων.
- (mediopassive) to appear; to shine
- to come into being
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 974:
- εἰ δ’ αὖ φανεὶς δύστηνος, ὡς ἐγὼ 'φάνην
- ei d’ aû phaneìs dústēnos, hōs egṑ 'phánēn
- But if, having been born o misery—as I was born
- εἰ δ’ αὖ φανεὶς δύστηνος, ὡς ἐγὼ 'φάνην
- to come about
- (copulative or control verb) to appear (to be)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.25:
- ἀλλὰ σύ γ’ ἐλθὼν αὐτὸς ἐπιτρέψειας ἕκαστα δμῳάων ἥ τίς τοι ἀρίστη φαίνεται εἶναι
- allà sú g’ elthṑn autòs epitrépseias hékasta dmōiáōn hḗ tís toi arístē phaínetai eînai
- Nay, go, and thyself put all thy possessions in the charge of whatsoever one of the handmaids seems to be the best.
- ἀλλὰ σύ γ’ ἐλθὼν αὐτὸς ἐπιτρέψειας ἕκαστα δμῳάων ἥ τίς τοι ἀρίστη φαίνεται εἶναι
- (φαίνεται as interjection) yes; so it appears; apparently
- (late, impersonal) it seems
Inflection
edit Present: φαίνω, φαίνομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφαινον | ἔφαινες | ἔφαινε(ν) | ἐφαίνετον | ἐφαινέτην | ἐφαίνομεν | ἐφαίνετε | ἔφαινον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφαινόμην | ἐφαίνου | ἐφαίνετο | ἐφαίνεσθον | ἐφαινέσθην | ἐφαινόμεθᾰ | ἐφαίνεσθε | ἐφαίνοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φαῖνον | φαῖνες | φαῖνε(ν) | φαίνετον | φαινέτην | φαίνομεν | φαίνετε | φαῖνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | φαινόμην | φαίνου | φαίνετο | φαίνεσθον | φαινέσθην | φαινόμε(σ)θᾰ | φαίνεσθε | φαίνοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φάνεσκον | φάνεσκες | φάνεσκε(ν) | φανέσκετον | φανεσκέτην | φανέσκομεν | φανέσκετε | φάνεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | φανεσκόμην | φανέσκου | φανέσκετο | φανέσκεσθον | φανεσκέσθην | φανεσκόμεθᾰ | φανέσκεσθε | φανέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φᾰνέω | φᾰνέεις | φᾰνέει | φᾰνέετον | φᾰνέετον | φᾰνέομεν | φᾰνέετε | φᾰνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | φᾰνέοιμῐ | φᾰνέοις | φᾰνέοι | φᾰνέοιτον | φᾰνεοίτην | φᾰνέοιμεν | φᾰνέοιτε | φᾰνέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | φᾰνέομαι | φᾰνέῃ, φᾰνέει |
φᾰνέεται | φᾰνέεσθον | φᾰνέεσθον | φᾰνεόμεθᾰ | φᾰνέεσθε | φᾰνέονται | ||||
optative | φᾰνεοίμην | φᾰνέοιο | φᾰνέοιτο | φᾰνέοισθον | φᾰνεοίσθην | φᾰνεοίμεθᾰ | φᾰνέοισθε | φᾰνέοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | φᾰνήσομαι | φᾰνήσῃ | φᾰνήσεται | φᾰνήσεσθον | φᾰνήσεσθον | φᾰνησόμεθᾰ | φᾰνήσεσθε | φᾰνήσονται | ||||
optative | φᾰνησοίμην | φᾰνήσοιο | φᾰνήσοιτο | φᾰνήσοισθον | φᾰνησοίσθην | φᾰνησοίμεθᾰ | φᾰνήσοισθε | φᾰνήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰνέειν | φᾰνέεσθαι | φᾰνήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰνέων | φᾰνεόμενος | φᾰνησόμενος | |||||||||
f | φᾰνέουσᾰ | φᾰνεομένη | φᾰνησομένη | ||||||||||
n | φᾰνέον | φᾰνεόμενον | φᾰνησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φᾰνῶ | φᾰνεῖς | φᾰνεῖ | φᾰνεῖτον | φᾰνεῖτον | φᾰνοῦμεν | φᾰνεῖτε | φᾰνοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | φᾰνοίην, φᾰνοῖμῐ |
φᾰνοίης, φᾰνοῖς |
φᾰνοίη, φᾰνοῖ |
φᾰνοῖτον, φᾰνοίητον |
φᾰνοίτην, φᾰνοιήτην |
φᾰνοῖμεν, φᾰνοίημεν |
φᾰνοῖτε, φᾰνοίητε |
φᾰνοῖεν, φᾰνοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | φᾰνοῦμαι | φᾰνῇ | φᾰνεῖται | φᾰνεῖσθον | φᾰνεῖσθον | φᾰνούμεθᾰ | φᾰνεῖσθε | φᾰνοῦνται | ||||
optative | φᾰνοίμην | φᾰνοῖο | φᾰνοῖτο | φᾰνοῖσθον | φᾰνοίσθην | φᾰνοίμεθᾰ | φᾰνοῖσθε | φᾰνοῖντο | |||||
passive | indicative | φᾰνήσομαι | φᾰνήσῃ | φᾰνήσεται | φᾰνήσεσθον | φᾰνήσεσθον | φᾰνησόμεθᾰ | φᾰνήσεσθε | φᾰνήσονται | ||||
optative | φᾰνησοίμην | φᾰνήσοιο | φᾰνήσοιτο | φᾰνήσοισθον | φᾰνησοίσθην | φᾰνησοίμεθᾰ | φᾰνήσοισθε | φᾰνήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰνεῖν | φᾰνεῖσθαι | φᾰνήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰνῶν | φᾰνούμενος | φᾰνησόμενος | |||||||||
f | φᾰνοῦσᾰ | φᾰνουμένη | φᾰνησομένη | ||||||||||
n | φᾰνοῦν | φᾰνούμενον | φᾰνησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | πεφήσομαι | πεφήσῃ | πεφήσεται | πεφήσεσθον | πεφήσεσθον | πεφησόμε(σ)θᾰ | πεφήσεσθε | πεφήσονται | ||||
optative | πεφησοίμην | πεφήσοιο | πεφήσοιτο | πεφήσοισθον | πεφησοίσθην | πεφησοίμε(σ)θᾰ | πεφήσοισθε | πεφησοίᾰτο | |||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πεφήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πεφησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | πεφησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | πεφησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐφᾰ́νην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐφᾰ́νην | ἐφᾰ́νης | ἐφᾰ́νη | ἐφᾰ́νητον | ἐφᾰνήτην | ἐφᾰ́νημεν | ἐφᾰ́νητε | ἐφᾰ́νησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰνῶ | φᾰνῇς | φᾰνῇ | φᾰνῆτον | φᾰνῆτον | φᾰνῶμεν | φᾰνῆτε | φᾰνῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φᾰνείην | φᾰνείης | φᾰνείη | φᾰνεῖτον, φᾰνείητον |
φᾰνείτην, φᾰνειήτην |
φᾰνεῖμεν, φᾰνείημεν |
φᾰνεῖτε, φᾰνείητε |
φᾰνεῖεν, φᾰνείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | φᾰ́νηθῐ | φᾰνήτω | φᾰ́νητον | φᾰνήτων | φᾰ́νητε | φᾰνέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰνῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰνείς | |||||||||||
f | φᾰνεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φᾰνέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | φᾰάνθην | φᾰάνθης | φᾰάνθη | φᾰάνθητον | φᾰανθήτην | φᾰάνθημεν | φᾰάνθητε | φᾰάνθησᾰν, φᾰ́ανθεν | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰανθῶ | φᾰανθῇς | φᾰανθῇ | φᾰανθῆτον | φᾰανθῆτον | φᾰανθῶμεν | φᾰανθῆτε | φᾰανθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φᾰανθείην | φᾰανθείης | φᾰανθείη | φᾰανθεῖτον, φᾰανθείητον |
φᾰανθείτην, φᾰανθειήτην |
φᾰανθεῖμεν, φᾰανθείημεν |
φᾰανθεῖτε, φᾰανθείητε |
φᾰάνθειεν, φᾰανθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | φᾰάνθητῐ | φᾰανθήτω | φᾰάνθητον | φᾰανθήτων | φᾰάνθητε | φᾰανθέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰανθῆναι/φᾰανθήμεναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰανθείς | |||||||||||
f | φᾰανθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φᾰανθέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | φᾰ́νην | φᾰ́νης | φᾰ́νη | φᾰ́νητον | φᾰνήτην | φᾰ́νημεν | φᾰ́νητε | φᾰ́νησᾰν, φᾰ́νεν | ||||
subjunctive | φᾰνῶ | φᾰνῇς | φᾰνήῃ, φᾰνῇ, φᾰνῇσῐ |
φᾰνῆτον | φᾰνῆτον | φᾰνῶμεν | φᾰνῆτε | φᾰνῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φᾰνείην | φᾰνείης | φᾰνείη | φᾰνεῖτον, φᾰνείητον |
φᾰνείτην, φᾰνειήτην |
φᾰνεῖμεν, φᾰνείημεν |
φᾰνεῖτε, φᾰνείητε |
φᾰ́νειεν, φᾰνείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | φᾰ́νηθῐ | φᾰνήτω | φᾰ́νητον | φᾰνήτων | φᾰ́νητε | φᾰνέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰνῆναι/φᾰνήμεναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φᾰνείς | |||||||||||
f | φᾰνεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φᾰνέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐπεφήνειν, ἐπεφᾰ́σμην (intransitive)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεφήνειν, ἐπεφήνη |
ἐπεφήνεις, ἐπεφήνης |
ἐπεφήνει(ν) | ἐπεφήνετον | ἐπεφηνέτην | ἐπεφήνεμεν | ἐπεφήνετε | ἐπεφήνεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεφᾰ́σμην | ἐπέφᾰνσο | ἐπέφᾰντο | ἐπέφᾰνθον | ἐπεφᾰ́νθην | ἐπεφᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐπέφᾰνθε | ἐπεφᾰ́νᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεφᾱ́νειν, ἐπεφᾱ́νη |
ἐπεφᾱ́νεις, ἐπεφᾱ́νης |
ἐπεφᾱ́νει(ν) | ἐπεφᾱ́νετον | ἐπεφᾱνέτην | ἐπεφᾱ́νεμεν | ἐπεφᾱ́νετε | ἐπεφᾱ́νεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεφᾰ́σμην | ἐπέφᾰνσο | ἐπέφᾰντο | ἐπέφᾰνθον | ἐπεφᾰ́νθην | ἐπεφᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐπέφᾰνθε | ἐπεφᾰ́νᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Synonyms
edit- (show, reveal): ἀναφαίνω (anaphaínō), ἀποφαίνω (apophaínō), ἐπιφαίνω (epiphaínō), προφαίνω (prophaínō), δείκνῡμῐ (deíknūmi), διαδείκνυμι (diadeíknumi), ἐπιδείκνυμι (epideíknumi), ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalúptō), δηλόω (dēlóō), σημαίνω (sēmaínō), φράζω (phrázō)
- (shine): λάμπω (lámpō), αὐγάζω (augázō), αὐγέω (augéō), φέγγω (phéngō), σελαγέω (selagéō), στίλβω (stílbō), πρέπω (prépō), θέω (théō)
- (seem): δοκέω (dokéō), εἴδομαι (eídomai), ἔοικα (éoika), ἰνδάλλομαι (indállomai), ὑπειδόμην (hupeidómēn)
Derived terms
edit- -φανής (-phanḗs)
- verb with prefix
- ᾰ̓νᾰφαίνω (anaphaínō)
- ᾰ̓ντῐφαίνω (antiphaínō)
- ᾰ̓ποφαίνω (apophaínō)
- δῐᾰφαίνω (diaphaínō)
- εἰσφαίνω (eisphaínō)
- ἐκφαίνω (ekphaínō)
- ἐμφαίνω (emphaínō)
- ἐπῐφαίνω (epiphaínō)
- κᾰτᾰφαίνω (kataphaínō)
- παμφαίνω (pamphaínō)
- πᾰρᾰφαίνω (paraphaínō)
- περῐφαίνομαι (periphaínomai)
- προσφαίνομαι (prosphaínomai)
- προφαίνω (prophaínō)
- σῠμφαίνομαι (sumphaínomai)
- ῠ̔περφαίνομαι (huperphaínomai)
- ῠ̔ποφαίνω (hupophaínō)
- other
- Διόφαντος (Dióphantos)
- ἱεροφᾰ́ντης (hierophántēs)
- Κλεόφᾰντος (Kleóphantos)
- σῡκοφᾰ́ντης (sūkophántēs)
- φαινομένω (phainoménō)
- φαινομηρῐ́ς (phainomērís)
- φαινόπους (phainópous)
- φαινοπροσωπέω (phainoprosōpéō)
- φαῖνοψ (phaînops)
- Φαίνων (Phaínōn)
- φᾰναῖος (phanaîos)
- φᾱνάπτης (phānáptēs)
- φᾰνή (phanḗ)
- φάνης (phánēs)
- φᾰνητιασμός (phanētiasmós)
- φαντάζω (phantázō)
- φαντασία (phantasía)
- φαντασιάζομαι (phantasiázomai)
- φαντασιόω (phantasióō)
- φάντασις (phántasis)
- φάντασμα (phántasma)
- φανταστός (phantastós)
- φάντης (phántēs)
- φαντῐκός (phantikós)
- φαντός (phantós)
- φάντωρ (phántōr)
- φᾰ́σῐς (phásis)
- φᾰ́σμᾰ (phásma)
- φρουρᾱ́ν φαίνω (phrourā́n phaínō)
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “φαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φαίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φαίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φαίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5316 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (shine)
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Ancient Greek intransitive verbs
- Ancient Greek copulative verbs
- Ancient Greek control verbs
- Ancient Greek impersonal verbs
- grc:Light
- grc:Sound
- Ancient Greek verbs with a progressive iota or yod marker