Abstract
Image watermark that is resistant to geometric distortion is remained to be an unsolved problem. Difficulty of the probelm comes from the situation that the watermark should be extracted without any information of the original image. In this paper, we review this problem and propose a new watermarking scheme based on invariant pattern recognition theory. We propose an invariant watermark using the Radon transform and higher order spectra. A bispectrum feature vector of the image is used as the watermark. Our approach differs from the previous methods in that we embed watermark into the phase of the higher order spectra. Also, our Radon embedding grid outperforms the Fourier-Mellin based methods. We devised a new embedding method which allows detection of the watermark when there is no exact inverse function during embedding. As we use the Radon transform, our method can be used for medical images. We show the invariance of the designed watermark with mathematical proofs. Experimental results confirm that this scheme is resistant to geometric distortions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. Hartung and M. Kutter, “Multimedia watermarking technique,” Proc. IEEE, Vol 87, pp. 1079 1107, July, 1999. 145
F.A.P. Petitcolas, R. J. Anderson, and M.G. Kuhn, “Attacks on copyright marking systems,” in Proc. 2nd Int. Workshop on Information Hiding, pp. 218–238, 1998. 145, 147, 155
S. Pereira and T. Pun, “Robust template matching for afine resistant image watermarksI,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing, Vol 9, pp. 1123–1129, July, 2000. 146
G. Csurka, F. Deguillaume, J. J.K. O’Ruanaidh, and T. Pun, “A Bayesian approach to affine transformation resistant image and video watermarking,” Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop on Information Hiding pp. 315–330, 1999. 146
M. Kutter, “Watermarking resisting to translation, rotation, and scaling,” Proc. SPIE Multimedia Systems Applications, pp. 3528 423–431, 1998. 146, 152
J. J.K. O’Ruanaidh and T. Pun, “Rotation, scale, and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking”, Signal Processing, Vol 66, pp. 303–317, 1998. 146, 147, 152
C.Y. Lin, M. Wu, J.A. Bloom, I. J. Cox, M. L. Miller and Y. M. Lui, “Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing, Vol 10. May, pp. 767–782, 2001. 146, 147, 152
M. Kutter, S.K. Bhattacharjee, and T. Ebrahimi, “Towards second generation watermarking schemes,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, pp. 320–323, 1999. 146
S. Guoxiang and W. Weiwei, “Image-feature based second generation watermarking in wavelet domain,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol l2251, pp. 16–21, 2001. 146
C. Nikias and M. Raghuveer, “Bispectrum estimation: A digital signal processing framework,” Proc. IEEE, Vol 75, July pp. 869–889 1987. 146
C. L. Nikias and A.P. Petropulu, Higher-Order Spectra Analysis, PTR Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1993. 146
V. Chandran, B. Carswell, B. Boashash, and S. Elgar, “Pattern recognition using invariants defined from higher order spectra: 2-D image inputs,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing, Vol 6, May, pp. 703–712, 1997. 146, 149
Y. Horikawa, “Bispectrum-based feature of 2-D and 3-D images invariant to similarity transformations,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Pattern Recognition, pp. 511–514, 2000. 146
I. J. Cox, M. L. Miller, and A.L. Mckellips, “Watermarking as communications with side information”, Proc. IEEE, Vol 87, July, pp. 1127–1141, 1999. 147
M. H. Hayes, “The reconstruction of a multidimensional sequence,” IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol 4, pp. 140–154, 1992. 147
A. K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989. 148
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hyung-Shin, K., Baek, Y., Heung-Kyu, L., Young-Ho, S. (2003). Robust Image Watermark Using Radon Transform and Bispectrum Invariants. In: Petitcolas, F.A.P. (eds) Information Hiding. IH 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2578. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36415-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36415-3_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00421-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36415-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive