Abstract
Virtual reality head-mounted displays (HMDs) have recently incorporated eye-tracking into hardware design. For the present study, the Varjo VR-1 and HTC Vive Pro Eye HMDs were used for three eye-tracking scenarios; and immersion, simulator sickness, and visual discomfort questionnaires measured subjective reactions. A lack of research exists comparing HMDs equipped with eye-tracking capabilities, in terms of the subjective measures employed. In this study, the HMDs were investigated using between-subjects and within-subjects designs. For the between-subjects design, the independent variable was the HMD (i.e., Varjo VR-1 or HTC Vive Pro Eye) and the dependent variables were the immersion, simulator sickness, and visual discomfort measurements. For the within-subjects design, simulator sickness, and visual discomfort were evaluated across scenarios. Forty participants were asked to detect and confirm the same target stimulus in each of the three eye-tracking scenarios of increasing ecological complexity. For the results, non-parametric statistics were used, given non-normal data. Since between-groups differences were not found for immersion, simulator sickness, and visual discomfort, recommendations are provided for updating the survey measures. Within-groups differences for both simulator sickness and visual discomfort are explained for plausible cause and reduction methods. Correlation results indicate overlap between visual discomfort and simulator sickness; immersion lacked significant correlations with the other measures. Overall, survey updates and individual differences (e.g., ocular aspects) should be considered for future research and development.
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Acknowledgments
This research was sponsored by Mr. Clayton Burford of the U.S. Army Futures Command, CCDC-SC, Simulation and Training Technologies Center (STTC) under contract W911QX-13-C-0052. However, the views, findings, and conclusions contained in this presentation are solely those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
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Maraj, C., Hurter, J., Pruitt, J. (2021). Using Head-Mounted Displays for Virtual Reality: Investigating Subjective Reactions to Eye-Tracking Scenarios. In: Chen, J.Y.C., Fragomeni, G. (eds) Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12770. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77599-5_27
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