Abstract
This paper describes a set of experiments in which a homogeneous group of simulated e-puck robots is required to coordinate their actions in order to transport cuboid objects towards a target location. The objects are heavy enough to require the coordinated effort of all the members of the group to be transported. The agents’ controllers are dynamic neural networks synthesised through evolutionary computation techniques. The results of our experiments indicate that the most effective transport strategies generated by artificial evolution are those in which the robots exploit occlusion by pushing the objects across the portion of their surface, where they occlude the direct line of sight to the goal. The main contribution of this study is the analysis of the relationships between the characteristics of the object (i.e., mass and length), the morphology of the robots, and the group performance. We also test the scalability of the occlusion-based transport strategies to group larger than those used during the evolutionary design phase.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beer, R., Gallagher, J.: Evolving dynamic neural networks for adaptive behavior. Adapt. Behav. 1(1), 91–122 (1992)
Berman, S., Lindsey, Q., Sakar, M., Kumar, V., Pratt, S.: Experimental study and modeling of group retrieval in ants as an approach to collective transport in swarm robotic systems. Proc. IEEE 99(9), 1470–1481 (2011)
Chen, J., Gauci, M., Li, W., Kolling, A., Gross, R.: Occlusion-based cooperative transport with a swarm of miniature mobile robots. IEEE Trans. Robot. 31(2), 307–321 (2015)
Czaczkes, T., Ratnieks, F.: Cooperative transport in ants (hymenoptera: Formicidae) and elsewhere. Myrmecol. News 18, 1–11 (2013)
Feener, J., Donald, H., Moss, K.: Defense against parasites by hitchhikers in leaf-cutting ants: a quantitative assessment. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26(1), 17–29 (1990)
Francesca, G., et al.: An experiment in automatic design of robot swarms. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Swarm Intelligence, pp. 25–37. Springer (2014)
Goldberg, D.E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1989)
Groß, R., Dorigo, M.: Evolution of solitary and group transport behaviors for autonomous robots capable of self-assembling. Adapt. Behav. 16(5), 285–305 (2008)
Gutiérrez, A., Campo, A., Dorigo, M., Amor, D., Magdalena, L., Monasterio-Huelin, F.: An open localization and local communication embodied sensor. Sensors 8(11), 7545–7563 (2008)
Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E.: The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1990)
Mohammed Alkilabi, M.H., Lu, C., Tuci, E.: Cooperative object transport using evolutionary swarm robotics methods. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Life, vol. 1, pp. 464–471. MIT (2015)
Mohammed Alkilabi, M.H., Narayan, A., Tuci, E.: Design and analysis of proximate mechanisms for cooperative transport in real robots. In: Dorigo, M., et al. (ed.) Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Swarm Intelligence (ANTS 2016). Springer (2016, in Press)
Mondada, F., et al.: The e-puck, a robot designed for education in engineering. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions, vol. 1, pp. 59–65 (2009)
Tanner, C.: Resource characteristics and competition affect colony and individual foraging strategies of the wood ant formica integroides. Ecol. Entomol. 33(1), 127–136 (2008)
Wang, Z., Schwager, M.: Multi-robot manipulation with no communication using only local measurements. In: Proceedings of the 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pp. 380–385. IEEE (2015)
Wang, Z., Schwager, M.: Kinematic multi-robot manipulation with no communication using force feedback. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 427–432. IEEE (2016)
Wang, Z., Schwager, M.: Multi-robot manipulation without communication. In: Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems, pp. 135–149. Springer (2016)
Wang, Z., Takano, Y., Hirata, Y., Kosuge, K.: A pushing leader based decentralized control method for cooperative object transportation. In: Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 1035–1040. IEEE (2004)
Yamamoto, A., Ishihara, S., Fuminori, I.: Fragmentation or transportation: mode of large-prey retrieval in arboreal and ground nesting ants. Insect Behav. 22, 1–11 (2009)
Acknowledgements
Muhanad H. Mohammed Alkilabi thanks Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research for funding his Ph.D.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mohammed Alkilabi, M.H., Narayan, A., Lu, C., Tuci, E. (2018). Evolving Group Transport Strategies for e-Puck Robots: Moving Objects Towards a Target Area. In: Groß, R., et al. Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems. Springer Proceedings in Advanced Robotics, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73008-0_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73008-0_35
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-73006-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-73008-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)