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Delay Constrained Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Subtree-and-Mergence-based Approach

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Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are applied in many time-critical applications, e.g., industrial automation and smart grid. This highlights the importance of Delay Constrained Relay Node Placement (DCRNP) problem that builds a path fulfilling a specified delay constraint between each sensor and the sink by using a minimum number of relays. Due to the NP-hardness of the DCRNP problem, in this paper, a polynomial time Subtree-and-Mergence-based Algorithm (SMA) is proposed to approximately solve the DCRNP problem. First, a shortest path tree rooted at the sink and connecting all sensors is built to check the feasibility of the DCRNP problem. If the DCRNP problem is feasible, then the paths of this tree are progressively merged at some relays, which are not limited to those relays lying in the originally the originally built shortest path tree, to save deployed relays while maintaining the obedience of delay constraints. With the repetition of this mergence, the number of deployed relays is gradually reduced. Furthermore, the approximation ratio and the time complexity of the proposed SMA are elaborately analyzed. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of this work. Simulation results show that SMA can significantly save deployed relays comparing with existing algorithms.

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Notes

  1. As ARNPc builds network topology without considering delay constraints, there is only one curve representing simulation results of ARNPc in each subfigure of Fig. 9.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 61673371 and 71661147005, Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (2015157) and the Program project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM 201511417008), open project of Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering (Zk20201402).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Chaofan Ma, Wei Liang & Meng Zheng

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Chaofan Ma

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  1. Chaofan Ma
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  2. Wei Liang
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  3. Meng Zheng
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Correspondence to Wei Liang or Meng Zheng.

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Ma, C., Liang, W. & Zheng, M. Delay Constrained Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Subtree-and-Mergence-based Approach. Mobile Netw Appl 23, 1220–1232 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0815-z

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