Abstract
Designing economic pricing mechanisms have recently attracted a great deal of attention in the context of cloud computing. We believe that microeconomics theory is a good candidate to model the resource reservation operations in cloud networks. Producer–consumer theory of microeconomics guarantees the maximization of social welfare of the customers, conditional that the particular consideration concerning customers and producers are met. As is the case in real-world cloud datacenters, the workload associated with each user is fed into the system and then the user is bound to a virtual machine (VM). In this research, we propose a microeconomic-inspired resource reservation scheme for cloud computing. The designed mechanism includes two steps: in the first step, we seek to find a Pareto efficient reservation set concerning bandwidth of VMs, and in the second step, our goal is to place VMs’ reserved bandwidth rates on physical hosts. In our modeling, VMs and the cloud network are considered as consumers and producers of the market, respectively. Also, the bandwidth of requested services is considered as commodity. As is the case in microeconomics, we prove that the aggregation of users’ utilities (users’ social welfare in microeconomics terminology) could reach to global maximum, known as Pareto efficiency. After finding the best set of reserved bandwidth rates in the first step of mechanism, in the second step, the mechanism seeks to find the best placement for VMs on physical hosts. The placement operation is performed in such a way that results in minimization of total consumed power in datacenter. Since the VM placement problem has been proven to be NP-hard, we use a metaheuristic cuckoo search optimization approach to solve the optimization problem. Simulation results, obtained through the CloudSim framework, established the robustness of the proposed method in terms of significant criteria such as users’ welfare, consumed power and Pareto optimality.

















Similar content being viewed by others
References
Singh S, Jeong Y-S, Park JH (2016) A survey on cloud computing security: issues, threats, and solutions. J Netw Comput Appl 75:200–222
Kaur A, Kalra M (2016) Energy optimized VM placement in cloud environment. In: Confluence 2016, 6th International Conference on Cloud System and Big Data Engineering, pp 141–145
Elhabbash A, Samreen F, Hadley J, Elkhatib Y (2019) Cloud brokerage: a systematic survey. ACM Comput Surv 51(6):119:1–119:28
Alazzam H, Alhenawi E, Al-Sayyed R (2019) A hybrid job scheduling algorithm based on Tabu and Harmony search algorithms. J Supercomput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02936-0
Ferretti M, Santangelo L, Musci MJ (2019) Correction to: optimized cloud-based scheduling for protein secondary structure analysis. Supercomputing 75:3521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02931-5
Singh S, Chana I (2016) A survey on resource scheduling in cloud computing: issues and challenges. J Grid Comput 14:217–264
Nguyen NC, Wang P, Niyato D, Wen Y, Han Z (2017) Resource management in cloud networking using economic analysis and pricing models: a survey. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 19(2):954–1001
Divakaran DM, Gurusamy M, Sellamuthu M (2014) Bandwidth allocation with differential pricing for flexible demands in data center networks. Comput Netw 73:84–97
Dabbagh M, Hamdaoui B, Guizani M, Rayes A (2018) Exploiting task elasticity and price heterogeneity for maximizing cloud computing profits. IEEE Trans Emerg Top Comput 6(1):85–96
Du B, Wu C, Huang Z (2019) Learning resource allocation and pricing for cloud profit maximization. In: Published in AAAI
Cong P, Li L, Zhou J, Cao K, Wei T, Chen M, Hu S (2018) Profit-driven dynamic cloud pricing for multiserver systems considering user perceived value. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2018.2843343
Baranwal G, Malaviya M, Raza Z, Vidyarthi DP (2018) A negotiation based dynamic pricing heuristic in cloud computing. Int J Grid Util Comput. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGUC.2018.090230
Wu C, Toosi AN, Buyya R, Ramamohanarao K (2018) Hedonic pricing of cloud computing services. IEEE Trans Cloud Comput Cloud Comput. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.2018.2858266
Lee I (2019) Pricing schemes and profit-maximizing pricing for cloud services. J Revenue Pricing Manag 18:112. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41272-018-00179-x
Lee I (2018) Developing pricing strategies for cloud service providers in a competitive market. In: 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing Companion (UCC Companion), Zurich, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1109/ucc-companion.2018.8653578
Rahman S, Sultana A, Islam A, Whaiduzzaman M (2018) Group based resource management and pricing model in cloud computing. Int J Comput Sci Inf Technol (IJCSIT). https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2018.10403
Nan G, Zhang Z, Li M (2019) Optimal pricing for cloud service providers in a competitive setting. Int J Prod Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1566655
Shi W, Wu C, Li Z (2018) A shapley-value mechanism for bandwidth on demand between datacenters. IEEE Trans Cloud Comput 6(1):19–32
Wei W, Fan X, Song H, Fan X, Yang J (2018) Imperfect information dynamic stackelberg game based resource allocation using hidden Markov for cloud computing. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 11(1):78–89
Mohammadi A, Rezvani MH (2017) Optimization of virtual machines placement based on microeconomics theory. In: KBEI’17, Cloud Network, Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation, pp 299–303, Tehran, Iran
Kaur A, Gupta P, Singh M, Nayyar A (2019) Data placement in era of cloud computing: a survey, taxonomy and open research issues. Scalable Comput Pract Exp 20:377–398
Lin B, Zhu F, Zhang J, Chen J, Chen X, Xiong N, Lloret J (2019) A time-driven data placement strategy for a scientific workflow combining edge computing and cloud computing. IEEE Trans Ind Inform. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2905659
Oh K, Chandra A, Weissman J (2017) TripS: automated multi-tiered data placement in a geo-distributed cloud environment. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Systems and Storage Conference, SYSTOR 2017, Haifa, Israel, May 22–24, pp 12:1–12:11
Ren X, London P, Ziani J, Wierman A (2018) Datum: managing data purchasing and data placement in a geo-distributed data market. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 26:893–905
Wanis B, Samaan N, Karmouch A (2016) Efficient modeling and demand allocation for differentiated cloud virtual-network as-a service offerings. IEEE Trans Cloud Comput 4(4):376–391
Moulik S, Misra S, Gaurav A (2017) Cost-effective mapping between wireless body area networks and cloud service providers based on multi-stage bargaining. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 16(6):1573–1586
Chowdhury MR, Mahmud MR, Rahman RM (2015) Implementation and performance analysis of various VM placement strategies in CloudSim. J Cloud Comput 4:20
Jamali S, Malektaji S, Analoui M (2017) An imperialist competitive algorithm for virtual machine placement in cloud computing. J Exp Theor Artif Intell 29:575–596
Tavakoli-Someh S, Rezvani MH (2019) Multi-objective virtual network function placement using NSGA-II meta-heuristic approach. J Supercomput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02849-y
Sait SM, Bala A, El-Maleh AH (2016) Cuckoo search based resource optimization of datacenters. Appl Intell 44(3):489–506
Scarpiniti M, Baccarelli E, Naranjo PGV, Uncini A (2018) Energy performance of heuristics and meta-heuristics for real-time joint resource scaling and consolidation in virtualized networked data centers. J Supercomput 74(5):2161–2198
Vinueza Naranjo PG, Baccarelli E, Scarpiniti M (2018) Design and energy-efficient resource management of virtualized networked fog architectures for the real-time support of IOT applications. J Supercomput 74(6):2470–2507
Bermejo B, Juiz C, Guerrero C (2019) Virtualization and consolidation: a systematic review of the past 10 years of research on energy and performance. J Supercomput 75(2):808–836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2613-1
Uzaman SK, Khan AR, Shuja J, Maqsood T, Rehman F, Mustafa S (2019) A systems overview of commercial data centers: initial energy and cost analysis. Int J Inf Technol Web Eng 14(1):42–65. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2019010103
Feng S, Xiong Z, Dusit N, Wang P, Wang S (2018) Joint pricing and security investment for cloud-insurance: a security interdependency perspective. In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Barcelona, Spain, Apr 2018. IEEE
Negi P, Mishra A, Gupta BB (2013) Enhanced CBF packet filtering method to detect DDoS attack in cloud computing environment. Int J Comput Sci Issues 10(1):142–146
Plageras AP, Psannis KE, Stergiou C, Wang H, Gupta BB (2017) Efficient IoT-based sensor BIG data collection-processing and analysis in smart buildings. Future Gener Comput Syst 82:349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.09.082
Stergiou C, Psannis KE, Kim B-G, Gupta B (2016) Secure integration of IoT and cloud computing. Future Gener Comput Syst. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.11.031
Gupta BB (2018) Computer and cyber security: principles, algorithm, applications, and perspectives. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, p 666
Gupta BB, Agrawal DP, Yamaguchi S (2016) Handbook of research on modern cryptographic solutions for computer and cyber security. IGI Global, Hershey
Lee JK, Moon SY, Park JH (2017) CloudRPS: a cloud analysis based enhanced ransomware prevention system. J Supercomput 73:3065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1825-5
Jehle GA, Reny PJ (2001) Advanced microeconomic theory. Addison Wesley Longman, Boston
JOM (Java Optimization Modeler). http://www.net2plan.com/jom/. Accessed 5 May 2018
Liu D, Sui X, Li L (2016) An energy-efficient virtual machine placement algorithm in cloud data center. In: ICNC-FSKD 2016, 12th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, Changsha, China, August, pp 719–723
Calheiros RN, Ranjan R, Beloglazov A, De Rose CAF, Buyya R (2011) CloudSim: a toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms. Softw Pract Exp 41(1):23–50
Kowalski J, Tu, XM. Modern Applied U Statistics. Wiley: New York. 2007; 1-378
SPSS (1968) Statistical package for social science. https://www.ibm.com/analytics/spss-statistics-software. Accessed 5 May 2018
Zhao H, Wang J, Liu F, Wang Q, Zhang W, Zheng Q (2018) Power-aware and performance-guaranteed virtual machine placement in the cloud. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 29(6):1385–1400
Fisher GG (2002) Work/personal life balance: a construct development study. Doctoral Dissertation, ProQuest Information & Learning
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mohammadi, A., Rezvani, M.H. A novel optimized approach for resource reservation in cloud computing using producer–consumer theory of microeconomics. J Supercomput 75, 7391–7425 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02951-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02951-1