Abstract
In recent years, digital watermarking has received increasing attention in the copyright protection of engineering graphics. The existing two-dimensional transform domain-based engineering graphic watermarking methods have low security and weak robustness, which greatly restrict their practical application. Research on such engineering graphics watermarking should be strengthened, and new algorithms should be developed to avoid these defects of previous watermarking methods, so as to achieve the purpose of copyright protection. This paper proposes an effective watermarking algorithm based on cellular automata transform (CA) transform and reversible state loop maximum length cellular automata (RSL-MLCA). Firstly, the engineering graphic is decomposed into CA frequency domain, and then the watermark is encrypted by RSL-MLCA and Fibonacci transform. Finally, the encrypted watermark information is embedded into the low frequency domain of the engineering graphic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that CA has introduced for protecting engineering graphics copyright. Experimental results show that our CA-based watermarking algorithm can simultaneously improve the imperceptibility, robustness and security.
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Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 62275177, 61975138, Sichuan Province International Cooperation Research Program, grant number 2023YFH0030, Chengdu Science and Technology Program, grant number 2022-GH02-00001-H7, Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, grant number 2021A1515011091 and Educational Commission of Guangdong Province, grant number 2020ZDZX3056.
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Zhang, X., Liu, S., Li, X. et al. Engineering graphics copyright protection via CAT and reversi-ble state loop maximum length cellular automata. J Comput Virol Hack Tech 21, 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11416-024-00542-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11416-024-00542-0