Abstract
A distributed optimization problem with Markovian switching targets and stochastic observation noises is considered in this paper. In order to solve target following and renewable following for microgrid (MG) optimal power balancing, and to attenuate observation noises simultaneously, distributed optimization algorithms are developed. The interaction between observation noises and Markovian switching targets may introduce a fundamental tradeoff in reducing the optimization errors and choosing the step size. Furthermore, under infrequent Markovian switching assumptions, the mean-square optimization error bounds, the switching ordinary differential equation (ODE) limit, and the asymptotic distributions of the optimization errors are established rigorously and comprehensively. A simulation example on a DC MG is presented to show the main results of the paper.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vovos P N, Kiprakis A E, Wallace A R, et al. Centralized and distributed voltage control: impact on distributed generation penetration. IEEE Trans Power Syst, 2007, 22: 476–483
Nedic A, Ozdaglar A. Distributed subgradient methods for multi-agent optimization. IEEE Trans Automat Contr, 2009, 54: 48–61
Johansson B, Rabi M, Johansson M. A randomized incremental subgradient method for distributed optimization in networked systems. SIAM J Optim, 2010, 20: 1157–1170
Sayed A H. Adaptive networks. Proc IEEE, 2014, 102: 460–497
Yu W W, Li C J, Yu X H, et al. Economic power dispatch in smart grids: a framework for distributed optimization and consensus dynamics. Sci China Inf Sci, 2018, 61: 012204
Li Z H, Ding Z T. Distributed optimization on unbalanced graphs via continuous-time methods. Sci China Inf Sci, 2018, 61: 129204
Su S, Lin Z. Distributed consensus control of multi-agent systems with higher order agent dynamics and dynamically changing directed interaction topologies. IEEE Trans Automat Contr, 2016, 61: 515–519
Molzahn D K, Dörfler F, Sandberg H, et al. A survey of distributed optimization and control algorithms for electric power systems. IEEE Trans Smart Grid, 2017, 8: 2941–2962
Xie S Y, Guo L. A necessary and sufficient condition for stability of LMS-based consensus adaptive filters. Automatica, 2018, 93: 12–19
Liang S, Wang L Y, Yin G. Distributed quasi-monotone subgradient algorithm for nonsmooth convex optimization over directed graphs. Automatica, 2019, 101: 175–181
Wang Z, Liu F, Chen Y, et al. Unified distributed control of stand-alone DC microgrids. IEEE Trans Smart Grid, 2019, 10: 1013–1024
Khorsandi A, Ashourloo M, Mokhtari H. A decentralized control method for a low-voltage DC microgrid. IEEE Trans Energy Convers, 2014, 29: 793–801
Baranwal M, Askarian A, Salapaka S, et al. A distributed architecture for robust and optimal control of DC microgrids. IEEE Trans Ind Electron, 2019, 66: 3082–3092
Nasirian V, Moayedi S, Davoudi A, et al. Distributed cooperative control of DC microgrids. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2015, 30: 2288–2303
Wang C, Duan J, Fan B, et al. Decentralized high-performance control of DC microgrids. IEEE Trans Smart Grid, 2019, 10: 3355–3363
Trip S, Cucuzzella M, Cheng X, et al. Distributed averaging control for voltage regulation and current sharing in DC microgrids. IEEE Control Syst Lett, 2019, 3: 174–179
Hosseinzadeh M, Salmasi F R. Power management of an isolated hybrid AC/DC micro-grid with fuzzy control of battery banks. IET Renew Power Generation, 2015, 9: 484–493
Dragičević T, Guerrero J M, Vasquez J C, et al. Supervisory control of an adaptive-droop regulated DC microgrid with battery management capability. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2014, 29: 695–706
Zhang D, Jiang J, Wang L Y, et al. Robust and scalable management of power networks in dual-source trolleybus systems: a consensus control framework. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst, 2015, 17: 1029–1038
Zhang D, Wang L Y, Jiang J, et al. Optimal power management in DC microgrids with applications to dual-source trolleybus systems. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst, 2018, 19: 1188–1197
Sindi E, Wang L Y, Polis M, et al. Distributed optimal power and voltage management in DC microgrids: applications to dual-source trolleybus systems. IEEE Trans Transp Electrific, 2018, 4: 778–788
Xie S Y, Nazari M H, Wang L Y, et al. Impact of stochastic generation/load variations on distributed optimal energy management in DC microgrids for transportation electrification. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst, 2022, 23: 7196–7205
Nazari M H, Xie S Y, Wang L Y, et al. Impact of communication packet delivery ratio on reliability of optimal load tracking and allocation in DC microgrids. IEEE Trans Smart Grid, 2021, 12: 2812–2821
Xie S Y, Nazari M H, Wang L Y, et al. Adaptive step size selection in distributed optimization with observation noise and unknown stochastic target variation. Automatica, 2022, 135: 109940
Yin G, Zhang Q. Discrete-time Markov Chains: Two-Time-Scale Methods and Applications. Berlin: Springer, 2005. 55
Ethier S N, Kurtz T G. Markov Processes: Characterization and Convergence. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 282
Yin G G, Krishnamurthy V. Least mean square algorithms with Markov regime-switching limit. IEEE Trans Automat Contr, 2005, 50: 577–593
Yin G G, Kan S, Wang L Y, et al. Identification of systems with regime switching and unmodeled dynamics. IEEE Trans Automat Contr, 2009, 54: 34–47
Yin G G, Hashemi A, Wang L Y. Sign-regressor adaptive filtering algorithms for Markovian parameters. Asian J Control, 2014, 16: 95–106
Huang M, Dey S, Nair G N, et al. Stochastic consensus over noisy networks with Markovian and arbitrary switches. Automatica, 2010, 46: 1571–1583
Zhang Q, Zhang J F. Distributed parameter estimation over unreliable networks with Markovian switching topologies. IEEE Trans Automat Contr, 2012, 57: 2545–2560
Patrinos P, Sopasakis P, Sarimveis H, et al. Stochastic model predictive control for constrained discrete-time Markovian switching systems. Automatica, 2014, 50: 2504–2514
Billingsley P. Convergence of Probability Measures. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 1968
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Research Start-up Fund of UESTC (Grant No. Y030222059002042).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xie, S., Wang, L., Nazari, M.H. et al. Distributed optimization with Markovian switching targets and stochastic observation noises with applications to DC microgrids. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 65, 222205 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3582-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3582-5