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As the tone of major planned Earth Day activities shifted to become less academic and more confrontational, and the Environmental Action newsletter emphasized the need for broad structural change, interest in the event began to mount among college student activists.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
One place where the interest in a teach-in was robust from the beginning was the [[University of Michigan]]. The very first teach-in on the Vietnam War had been held at the University of Michigan in March 1965, and a group of students, led by Doug Scott,<ref name="LinkedIn-2021">{{Cite news |title=Doug Scott |publisher=linkedin.com |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/douglas-scott-821a0784/ |access-date=February 19, 2021}}</ref> decided to mark the five-year anniversary with an environmental teach-in on March 11–14, 1970.<ref name="EnvironmentalAction-1970">{{Cite magazine |date=March 26, 1970 |title=Michigan teach-in faces societal issues |url=http://www.nelsonearthday.net/docs/nelson_157-2_environmental_action_newsletter_26mar70.pdf |magazine=Environmental Action |volume=1 |issue=6 |page=2 |access-date=March 18, 2021 |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416025716/http://www.nelsonearthday.net/docs/nelson_157-2_environmental_action_newsletter_26mar70.pdf |url-status=dead }} Speakers included Senator Nelson, Senator Muskie, Walter Reuther, Ralph Nader, and Barry Commoner.</ref> The Michigan teach-in presented a series of speeches dealing with various environmental problems, along with some debate over the best tactics and solutions. No one, including the president of Dow Chemical, argued for more environmental destruction.
After the University of Michigan teach-in, there was an explosion of interest on other college campuses. Upwards of 2,000 universities, colleges, and junior colleges ultimately put on events. By the end, the national staff had a hard time merely keeping up with the colleges that called to register events.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
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=== Earth Day 2012 ===
A Billion Acts of Green were achieved on Earth Day 2012, with Earth Day Network announcing the accomplishment at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio.<ref name="IISD-2012">''[http://sdg.iisd.org/news/earth-day-network%E2%80%99s-a-billion-acts-of-green-campaign-reaches-goal/ Earth Day Network's "A Billion Acts of Green]'' Campaign Reaches Goal."IISD. April 22, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</ref><ref name="Earthday-2021a">''[https://www.earthday.org/billion/ Billion Acts of Green Counter].'' earthday.org. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</ref> A Billion Acts of Green is billed as the world's largest environmental service campaign, inspiring and rewarding both simple individual acts and larger organizational initiatives that further the goal of measurably reducing carbon emissions and supporting sustainability.<ref name="CNN-2012">''[https://www.cnn.com/2012/04/22/world/earth-day/index.html 'Acts of Green' urged as Earth Day is celebrated around the world].'' CNN. April 22, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</ref>
<ref name="Brake-2011">''[http://www.earthtimes.org/going-green/a-billion-acts-green-earth-day-2011/371/ A Billion Acts of Green: Earth Day 2011].'' Earth Times. March 3, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</ref> The Campaign for Communities engaged elected officials in finding solutions to local environmental challenges.<ref name="Earthday-2021b">''[https://www.earthday.org/campaign/campaignforcommunities/ Campaign for Communities].'' earthday.org. Retrieved February 3, 2021.</ref> Faith programs saw Catholic parishes and churches across the U.S. take action on Earth Day through sermons and other activities, including four events at the National Cathedral and a conference at the St. Sophia Cathedral and National Religious Coalition on Creation Care (NRCC).<ref name="BlessedEarth-2012">''[http://www.blessedearth.org/blogs/earth-day-2012-a-time-to-celebrate/ Earth Day 2012 – A time to Celebrate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412075537/http://www.blessedearth.org/blogs/earth-day-2012-a-time-to-celebrate/ |date=April 12, 2021 }}.'' Blessed Earth. Retrieved February 3, 2021.</ref><ref name="GTownDish-2012">''[http://www.thegeorgetowndish.com/thedish/earth-day-because-it-right Earth Day: Because It Is Right].'' The Georgetown Dish. April 22, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2021.</ref><ref name="EpiNS-2012">''[https://www.episcopalnewsservice.org/2012/04/24/episcopalians-join-religious-voice-at-climate-change-conference/ Episcopalians join religious voices at climate change conference].'' Episcopal News Service. April 24, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2021.</ref> Mobilize the Earth™ events throughout all of India's states and geographic regions, coordinated by Earth Day Network India, included rallies, concerts, competitions, seminars, art shows, plantation drives, signature campaigns, and workshops.<ref name="Earthday-2021c">''[https://www.earthday.org/india/ India.'' earthday.org. Retrieved February 3, 2021.</ref><ref name="C40-2012">''[https://www.c40.org/blog_posts/how-did-your-city-celebrate-earth-day How did your city celebrate Earth Day?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531200445/https://www.c40.org/blog_posts/how-did-your-city-celebrate-earth-day |date=May 31, 2021 }}.'' C40 Cities. April 23, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2021.</ref><ref name="TNN-2012">''[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Schools-celebrate-Earth-Day/articleshow/12818226.cms Schools celebrate Earth Day].'' The Times of India. April 22, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2021.</ref>
=== Earth Day 2013 ===
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<blockquote>Earth Day is the first holy day which transcends all national borders, yet preserves all geographical integrities, spans mountains and oceans and time belts, and yet brings people all over the world into one resonating accord, is devoted to the preservation of the harmony in nature and yet draws upon the triumphs of technology, the measurement of time, and instantaneous communication through space.<br />
Earth Day draws on astronomical phenomena in a new way – which is also the most ancient way – by using the Vernal Equinox, the time when the Sun crosses the equator making the length of night and day equal in all parts of the Earth. To this point in the annual calendar, EARTH DAY attaches no local or divisive set of symbols, no statement of the truth or superiority of one way of life over another. But the selection of the March Equinox makes planetary observance of a shared event possible and a flag that shows the Earth, as seen from space, appropriate.</blockquote>
At the moment of the equinox, it is traditional to observe Earth Day by ringing the [[Japanese Peace Bell]], which Japan donated to the United Nations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japanese Peace Bell |url=https://www.un.org/pubs/cyberschoolbus/untour/subjap.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928182232/http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/untour/subjap.htm |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |access-date=April 22, 2013 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Over the years, celebrations have occurred in various places worldwide at the same time as the UN celebration. On March 20, 2008, in addition to the ceremony at the United Nations, ceremonies were held in New Zealand, and bells were sounded in California, Vienna, Paris, Lithuania, Tokyo, and many other locations. The equinox Earth Day at the UN is organized by the Earth Society Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth Society Foundation |url=https://earthsocietyfoundation.com/ |access-date=October 25, 2019 |publisher=Earth Society Foundation |archive-date=October 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023223504/https://earthsocietyfoundation.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Earth Day ringing the peace bell is celebrated around the world in many towns, ringing the Peace Bell in [[Vienna]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth Day 2010 |url=http://www.dorfwiki.org/wiki.cgi?Earth__Day/EarthDay2010 |access-date=April 22, 2013 |publisher=Dorf Wiki}}</ref> [[Berlin]], and elsewhere. A memorable event took place at the UN in Geneva, celebrating a Minute for Peace ringing the Japanese Shinagawa Peace Bell with the help of the Geneva Friendship Association and the Global Youth Foundation,<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2011 |title=Seeds of Change - Heiner Benking's Blog - quergeist.info |url=http://www.newciv.org/nl/newslog.php/_v396/__show_day/_w2011-03-21 |access-date=April 22, 2013 |publisher=Newciv.org}}</ref> directly after in deep mourning about the [[Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant]] catastrophe ten days before.
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* [http://www.history.com/topics/earth-day Earth Day] at The History Channel
* [http://www.nelsonearthday.net/ Gaylord Nelson and Earth Day: The Making of the Modern Environmental Movement] – a narrative account of the origins of Earth Day, Nelson's political career, as well as online access to documents from the Wisconsin Historical Society's Nelson Papers collection
* [https://earthsocietyfoundation.com/ Earth Society Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023223504/https://earthsocietyfoundation.com/ |date=October 23, 2019 }} – Official organization arranging annual equinox Earth Day celebration at the United Nations
{{Earth}}
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