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{{Short description|Geological formation in India}}
 
{{Infobox rockunit
Line 5 ⟶ 6:
| caption =
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age = [[Jurassic]]<br />~{{fossilrange|190.8|161.5}}
| period = Jurassic
| prilithology = [[Mudstone]], [[sandstone]]
Line 17 ⟶ 18:
| unitof =
| subunits = Lower & Upper members
| underlies = Unconformity with the [[Gangapur Formation]] and [[Chikiala Formation]]
| overlies = [[Dharmaram Formation]]
| thickness = {{convert|550|-|600|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Line 35 ⟶ 36:
}}
| map_caption =
}}{{Split|date=August 2023|}}
}}
The '''Kota Formation''' is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in India. The age of the Kota Formation is uncertain; it is commonly considered to date to the Early Jurassic, but some studies have suggested it may extend into the Middle Jurassic or even later. It conformably overlies the Lower Jurassic [[Upper Dharmaram Formation]] and is unconformably overlain by the [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Gangapur Formation]]. It is split into a Lower Member and Upper Member. The Lower Member is approximately 100 m thick while the Upper Member is 490 m thick. Both subunits primarily consist of mudstone and sandstone, but near the base of the upper unit there is a 20-30 metre thick succession of limestone deposited in a freshwater setting.<ref name=Sedi>{{Cite journal|last1=Goswami|first1=Suparna|last2=Gierlowski-Kordesch|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Ghosh|first3=Parthasarathi|date=January 2018|title=Sedimentology of the Early Jurassic limestone beds of the Kota Formation: record of carbonate wetlands in a continental rift basin of India|journal=Journal of Paleolimnology|language=en|volume=59|issue=1|pages=21–38|doi=10.1007/s10933-016-9918-y|bibcode=2018JPall..59...21G |s2cid=133167210|issn=0921-2728}}</ref>
 
The '''Kota Formation''' is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in India. The age of the Kota Formation is uncertain; it is commonly considered to date to the Early Jurassic, but some studies have suggested it may extend into the Middle Jurassic or even later. It conformably overlies the Lower Jurassic [[Upper Dharmaram Formation]] and is unconformably overlain by the [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Gangapur Formation]]. It is split into a Lower Member and Upper Member. The lower member is approximately 100 m thick while the upper member is 490 m thick. Both subunits primarily consist of mudstone and sandstone, but near the base of the upper unit there is a 20-30 metre thick succession of limestone deposited in a freshwater setting.<ref name=Sedi>{{Cite journal|last1=Goswami|first1=Suparna|last2=Gierlowski-Kordesch|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Ghosh|first3=Parthasarathi|date=January 2018|title=Sedimentology of the Early Jurassic limestone beds of the Kota Formation: record of carbonate wetlands in a continental rift basin of India|journal=Journal of Paleolimnology|language=en|volume=59|issue=1|pages=21–38|doi=10.1007/s10933-016-9918-y|bibcode=2018JPall..59...21G |s2cid=133167210|issn=0921-2728}}</ref>
 
==Stratigraphy==
Line 43:
 
==Age==
The age of the Kota Formation is controversial. There are no magmatic rocks or volcanic ash beds associated with the Kota Formation, which means that its age cannot be determined directly through [[radiometric dating]].<ref name="Chinnappa2019">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.7306/vj.17.1| volume = 17| pages = 1–16| last1 = Chinnappa| first1 = Chopparapu| last2 = Rajanikanth| first2 = Annamraju| last3 = Pauline Sabina| first3 = Kavali| title = Palaeofloras from the Kota Formation, India: palaeodiversity and ecological implications| journal = Volumina Jurassica| date = 2019| doi-broken-date = 20232024-0609-2213}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee2020">{{Cite book| publisher = Springer International Publishing| isbn = 978-3-030-49752-1 | pages = 181–226| editor-first1 = Guntupalli V.R. | editor-last1 = Prasad | editor-first2 = Rajeev | editor-last2 = Patnaik | last = Chatterjee| first = Sankar| title = Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics| chapter = The Age of Dinosaurs in the Land of Gonds| series = Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology | location = Cham| date = 2020| doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-49753-8_8 | s2cid = 229651571 | chapter-url = http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-49753-8_8}}</ref> The maximum age of the Kota Formation is constrained by the underlying [[Upper Dharmaram Formation]], which is [[Early Jurassic]], probably [[Hettangian]] or [[Sinemurian]], in age.<ref name="Kutty2007">{{cite journal |last1=Kutty |first1=T.S. | last2 = Chatterjee | first2 = Sankar | last3 = Galton | first3 = Peter M. | last4 = Upchurch | first4 = Paul |year=2007 |title=Basal sauropodomorphs (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower Jurassic of India: their anatomy and relationships |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=81 |issue=6 |pages=1552–1574 |doi=10.1666/04-074.1 |bibcode=2007JPal...81.1218K |s2cid=130508134 |url=http://jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/81/6/1218}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee2020"/> Various researchers have attempted to date the Kota Formation using [[biostratigraphy]]. Krishnan (1968), Jain (1973), and Yadagiri and Prasad (1977) favored an Early Jurassic age based on the fish fauna. Govindan (1975) suggested a Middle Jurassic age based on [[ostracods]]. In 2006, Bandyopadhyay and Sengupta argued that the fish fauna suggested a Toarcian age for the Upper Kota Formation, possibly extending into the Aalenian, and in turn estimated the Lower Kota to be Sinemurian to Pliensbachian in age.<ref name="Bandyopadhyay2006">{{Cite journal| volume = 37| pages = 77–85| last1 = Bandyopadhyay| first1 = Saswati| last2 = Sengupta| first2 = Dhurjati Prasad| title = Vertebrate faunal turnover during the Triassic-Jurassic transition: an Indian scenario| journal = New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin| date = 2006}}</ref> Guntupalli V. R. Prasad, along with various coauthors, has argued for a younger age. In 2001, Vijaya and Prasad proposed based on palynological evidence that the Kota Formation was deposited between the Callovian age of the Middle Jurassic and the Barremian age of the Early Cretaceous.<ref name="Vijaya2001">{{Cite journal| volume = 46| pages = 77–93| last1 = Vijaya| last2 = Prasad| first2 = G. V. R.| title = Age of the Kota Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India: a palynological approach| journal = Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India| date = 2001| doi = 10.1177/0971102320010108}}</ref> In 2002, Prasad and Manhas argued that the mammal genus ''[[Dyskritodon]]'', known only from the Kota Formation and the Early Cretaceous of Morocco, provides evidence for a young age for the Kota Formation.<ref name="Prasad2002"/> In 2020, Prasad and Parmar argued that the similarity of the dinosaur fauna of the Kota Formation to that of the Middle Jurassic of the United Kingdom supported a Middle Jurassic age for the Kota Formation.<ref name="Prasad2020"/>
 
==Paleoenvironment==
[[File:TablasRainbow deMountain DaimielScenic Reserve 15.jpg|left|thumb|left208x208px|200px[[File:Tablas de Daimiel Reflejos de Atardecer.jpg|thumb]]The Kota Formation hosted lacustrine and wetland settings, this last one being of carbonate type, having modern analoges such as the Tablas de Daimiel in Spain or Waiotapu in New Zealand]]
The Kota Formation represents mostly a Continental succession related to a continental rift basin, the [[Pranhita-Godavari Gondwana Basin]] of peninsular India.<ref name="Micro">{{cite journalCitation |last1=Goswami |first1=S. |last2=Ghosh |first2=P.Suparna |title=Freshwater Microbialites in Early Jurassic Fluvial Strata of the Pranhita-Godavari Gondwana Basin, India |journaldate=_Progress2021 |work=Limnogeology: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities |series=Syntheses in Limnogeology |date=2021 |pages=549–578 |doiurl=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66576-0_18 |access-date=2024-02-07 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-66575-3 |s2cidlast2=237995280Ghosh |urlfirst2=Parthasarathi|doi=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-66576-0_18 |access-dates2cid=16 June237995280 2023}}</ref> The associated facies of sandstone and limestones are likely related to playa-type lake, with nearby fluvial currents, part of low gradient hanging wall alluvial fans, being deposited on it´s margin. There have been records of freshwater lue green algal stromatolites and oncolites, suggested to be deposited on low energy and low bathymetry lacustrine settings.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rudra |first1=D. K. |last2=Maulik |first2=P. K. |title=Stromatolites from Jurassic freshwater limestone, India |journal=Mesozoic Research |date=1987 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=135–146}}</ref> More recent works have proven the basin hosted in the Early Jurassic a freshwater carbonate wetland marked by the presence of limestones.<ref name=Sedi/> The environmental model proposed include a depositional cycle marked by several facies types, A for the sublittoral zones of shallow water bodies, followed by palustrine environments, including surfaces with abundance of influence of both plants and animals, specially rhizobrecciation indicating active colonization of the margins by plants, having a similar deposition to the modern [[Las Tablas de Daimiel]] wetlands.<ref name=Sedi/> Associated with the lacustrine facies have recovered microbial bioherms and lacustrine spring mounds, shallow ephemeral ponds with carbonated mud and Phyllopods, pedogenic calcrete under arid seasons and short-lived distributary channels.<ref name=Micro/> The depositional setting may have been partially sheltered from the input of siliciclastic materials, except on flooding seasons. Microbial biomats likely developed on shallow waters, while rhizoliths increased it´s presence of abandoned channel fills and pedogenic facies indicate drought seasons.<ref name=Micro/>
 
The carbonate layers with iron-rich grains and mudstones suggest a transition zone between a lake margin and wetland in a rift valley, in a marsh that experienced periodic influxes of iron-rich and barium-rich waters through faults.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Datta |first=Shantanu |last2=Sain |first2=Arnab |last3=Goswami |first3=Suparna |last4=Ghosh |first4=Parthasarathi |last5=Arenas |first5=Concepción Abad |date=2024-05-20 |title=Origin of ferruginous coated grains in the Lower Jurassic palustrine limestones of the Pranhita Godavari Basin, India |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dep2.285 |journal=The Depositional Record |doi= |issn=}}</ref> These waters briefly increased acidity but were neutralized by mixing with alkaline surface water, allowing carbonate formation. Iron-oxidizing microbes likely helped deposit iron oxides, cementing the sediment. During high water flow, these deposits were eroded and transported to deeper waters, forming iron-rich coatings. Thin sandy layers suggest that freshwater influxes occurred, forming carbonate bodies near water discharge points. As the water returned to being more alkaline, carbonates could form again, supporting freshwater [[Bivalvia]], similar to modern geothermal areas of [[New Zealand]].<ref name=":0" />
{{clearboth}}
 
{{clear}}
 
== Fossil content ==
Line 69 ⟶ 71:
''[[Clinocypris]]''<ref name=Ostrac2/>
|
''ClinocyprisC. sp.''
|
*Daroghapalli
Line 75 ⟶ 77:
*Upper Member
|
Six carapaces
6 Carapaces
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Family [[Pontocyprididae]].
|
|-
Line 83 ⟶ 85:
''[[Cypredea]]''<ref name=Ostrac2/>
|
''CypredeaC. sp.''
|
*Daroghapalli
Line 89 ⟶ 91:
*Upper Member
|
Fourteen incomplete carapaces
14 Incomplete Carapaces
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Family [[Palaeocytheridae]].
|
|-
Line 97 ⟶ 99:
''[[Darwinula]]''<ref name=Ostrac1>{{cite journal |last1=Govindan |first1=A. |title=Jurassic fresh water ostracods from the Kota limestones of India |journal=Palaeontology |date=1975 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=207–216 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/173308 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref><ref name=Ostrac2>{{cite journal |last1=Misra |first1=R.S. |last2=Satsangi |first2=P.P. |title=Ostracods from Kota Formation |journal=Proceedings of the Colloquium on Micropalaeontology and Stratigraphy. Geological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication |date=1979 |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=73–80}}</ref>
|
''DarwinulaD. cf.sarytirmenensis''
|
*Aklapalli
Line 108 ⟶ 110:
*Upper Member
|
More than 200 carapaces and valves.
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Family [[Darwinulidae]]. The most dominant genus locally and the main indicator of both fluvial and lacustrine settings
|
|-
|
''DarwinulaD. kingi''
|
*Aklapalli
Line 127 ⟶ 129:
Around 120 carapaces and valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Family [[Darwinulidae]].
|
|-
|
''DarwinulaD. spp.''
|
*Daroghapalli
Line 138 ⟶ 140:
*Upper Member
|
19Nineteen Carapaces
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Family [[Darwinulidae]].
|
|-
Line 146 ⟶ 148:
''[[Eucandona]]''<ref name=Ostrac2/>
|
''EucandonaE. sp.''
|
*Daroghapalli
Line 152 ⟶ 154:
*Upper Member
|
Eight incomplete carapaces
8 Incomplete Carapaces
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Family [[Candoninae]].
|
|-
Line 160 ⟶ 162:
''[[Limnocythere]]''<ref name=Ostrac1/>
|
''LimnocythereL. spp.''
|
*Daroghapalli
Line 166 ⟶ 168:
*Lower Member
|
Three complete carapaces.
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Familyfamily [[Limnocytheridae]].
|
|-
Line 174 ⟶ 176:
''[[Stenocypris]]''<ref name=Ostrac2/>
|
''?StenocyprisS. sp.''
|
*Daroghapalli
Line 180 ⟶ 182:
*Upper Member
|
Single Incompleteincomplete Carapacecarapace
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Familyfamily [[Cyprididae]].
|
|-
Line 188 ⟶ 190:
''[[Timiriasevia]]''<ref name=Ostrac1/>
|
''TimiriaseviaT. digitalis''
|
*Daroghapalli
Line 196 ⟶ 198:
Twenty complete carapaces and thirty-six partly broken carapaces.
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater Ostracodanostracodan of the Familyfamily [[Limnocytheridae]].
|
|-
Line 216 ⟶ 218:
''[[Estheriina]]''<ref name=Esthe1>{{cite book |last1=Tasch |first1=P. |title=Fossil Conchostraca of the Southern Hemisphere and continental drift: Paleontology, biostratigraphy, and dispersal |date=1987 |publisher=Geological Society of America |edition=165}}</ref><ref name=Estheria/>
|
''EstheriinaE. alibadadensis''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 227 ⟶ 229:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Estheriininae]]. The most abundant Estheriid in the region and the key element of the Estheriina biozone
|
|-
|
''EstheriinaE. indijurassica''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 242 ⟶ 244:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Estheriininae]].
|
|-
|
''EstheriinaE. bullata''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 257 ⟶ 259:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Estheriininae]].
|
|-
|
''EstheriinaE. pranhitaensis''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 272 ⟶ 274:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Estheriininae]].
|
|-
Line 278 ⟶ 280:
''[[Lioestheria]]''<ref name=Esthe1/><ref name=Estheria>{{cite journal |last1=Ghosh |first1=S. C. |last2=Datta |first2=A. |last3=Nandi |first3=A. |last4=Mukhopadhyay |first4=S. |title=Estheriid zonation in the Gondwana |journal=Paleobotanist |date=1987 |pages=99–123 |url=http://14.139.63.228:8080/pbrep/bitstream/123456789/1464/1/PbV36_143.pdf |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''LioestheriaL. kotaensis''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 289 ⟶ 291:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Lioestheriidae]]. The second key element of the Estheriina biozone
|rowspan="3"|
[[File:FMIB 47695 Estheria obliqua, one of the Conchostraca.jpeg|thumb|none|155px]]
|-
|
''LioestheriaL. crustabundis''<ref name=Esthe1/>
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 305 ⟶ 307:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Lioestheriidae]].
|-
|
''LioestheriaL. ssp.''<ref name=Esthe1/>
|
*Kota limestone ridge
Line 316 ⟶ 318:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Lioestheriidae]].
|-
|
''[[Paleolimnadia]]''<ref name=Esthe1/>
|
''PaleolimnadiaP. spp.''
|
*Kota limestone ridge
Line 330 ⟶ 332:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Estheriininae]].
|
|-
Line 336 ⟶ 338:
''[[Pseudeasmussiata]]''<ref name=Esthe1/>
|
''PseudeasmussiataP. andhrapradeshia''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 347 ⟶ 349:
Valves
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater [[clam shrimp]] of the Familyfamily [[Lioestheriidae]].
|
|-
Line 378 ⟶ 380:
|-
|
''[[Coleopteron]]''<ref>{{cite journalbook |last1=Handlirsch |first1=A. |title=Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen,: parts I-IV |journal=Ein Handbuch Furfür PalaontologenPaläontologen und Zoologen |date=1906 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=1–640 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5636 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''C. sp.''
Line 386 ⟶ 388:
*Lower Member
|
Isolated Wingswings
|
An Indeterminate [[Coleoptera]]n.
Line 399 ⟶ 401:
*Upper Member
|
MCZ 11909, Isolated Wingwing
|
An [[Ephialtitidae|ephialtitid]] [[hymenoptera]]n.
Line 412 ⟶ 414:
*Upper Member
|
MCZ 3046, isolatedIsolated wing
|
A [[Protogryllidae|protogryllid]] [[Grylloidea|cricket]]
Line 470 ⟶ 472:
''[[Indocoelacanthus]]''<ref name=Coelac>{{cite journal |last1=Jain |first1=S. L. |title=Indocoelacanthus robustus n. gen., n. sp. (Coelacanthidae, Lower Jurassic), the first fossil coelacanth from India |journal=Journal of Paleontology |date=1974 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=49–62 |jstor=1303105 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303105 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''IndocoelacanthusI. robustus''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 484 ⟶ 486:
*ISI P. 46. Neural arches, isolated scales and girdle elements
|
A robust Freshwaterfreshwater Coelacanthcoelacanth of the family [[Latimeriidae]]. Represents the largest member of the local freshwater fauna, measuring up to 70 &nbsp;cm.<ref name=Coelac/>
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|
|
''[[Lepidotes]]''<ref name=Fish/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sykes |title=On a Fossil Fish from the Table-land of the Deccan, in the Peninsula of India: With a Description of the Specimens. By Sir P. de MG Egerton |journal=FRS, GS. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society |date=1851 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=272–273 |doi=10.1144/GSL.JGS.1851.007.01-02.49 |s2cid=131619174 |url=https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/abs/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1851.007.01-02.49 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yadagiri |first1=P. |last2=Satsangi |first2=P. P. |last3=Prasad |first3=K. N. |title=The Piscean Fauna from the Kota Formation of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, Andhra Pradesh |journal=Geological Survey of India |date=1980 |volume=45}}</ref>
|
*''LepidotesL. deccanensis''
*''Lepidotes sp.''
|
*Kota limestone ridge
*Paikasigudem village
|
*Lower Member
*Upper Member
|
*Complete Specimen
*Isolated TeethRemains
|
A Freshwater neopterygian of the family [[Lepisosteiformes]].
|
A freshwater neopterygian of the family [[Lepisosteiformes]].
|rowspan="2"|
[[File:Lepidotes 1904.png|thumb|none|155px]]
|-
|
''L. spp.''
''[[Lonchidion]]''<ref name=Ver86>{{cite journal |last1=Yadagiri |first1=P. M. |title=Lower Jurassic lower vertebrates from Kota Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India |journal=Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India |date=1986 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=89–962 |url=http://palaeontologicalsociety.in/vol31/v11.pdf |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref><ref name=Fish>{{cite journal |last1=Prasad |first1=G. V. |last2=Manhas |first2=B. K. |last3=Arratia |first3=G. |title=Elasmobranch and actinopterygian remains from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of India |journal=Mesozoic Fishes |date=2004 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=625–638 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/48415245/Elasmobranch_and_actinopterygian_remains20160829-18406-1yo3xr7.pdf |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
*Kota limestone ridge
*Paikasigudem village
|
*Lower Member
*Upper Member
|
Isolated remains
|
A freshwater neopterygian of the family [[Lepisosteiformes]].
|-
|
''[[Lonchidion]]''<ref name=Ver86>{{cite journal |last1=Yadagiri |first1=P. M. |title=Lower Jurassic lower vertebrates from Kota Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India |journal=Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India |date=1986 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=89–962 |doi=10.1177/0971102319860111 |url=http://palaeontologicalsociety.in/vol31/v11.pdf |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref><ref name=Fish>{{cite journal |last1=Prasad |first1=G. V. |last2=Manhas |first2=B. K. |last3=Arratia |first3=G. |title=Elasmobranch and actinopterygian remains from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of India |journal=Mesozoic Fishes |date=2004 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=625–638 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/48415245/Elasmobranch_and_actinopterygian_remains20160829-18406-1yo3xr7.pdf |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''LonchidionL. indicus''
|
*Paikasigudem village
Line 518 ⟶ 533:
*Isolated Teeth
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater elasmobranch of the family [[Lonchidiidae]].
|
|-
Line 524 ⟶ 539:
''[[Paradapedium]]''<ref name=Fish/><ref name=Fish2>{{cite journal |last1=Jain |first1=S. L. |title=New specimens of Lower Jurassic holostean fishes from India |journal=Palaeontology |date=1973 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=149–177|url=https://www.palass.org/publications/palaeontology-journal/archive/16/1/article_pp149-177 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
*''ParadapediumP. egertoni''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 541 ⟶ 556:
*ISIP.35 specimen lacking tail and head
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater neopterygian of the family [[Dapediidae]].
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|
''[[Pholidophorus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yadagiri |first1=P. |last2=Prasad |first2=K. N. |title=On the discovery of new Pholidophorus fishes from the Kota Formation, Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh |journal=Geological Society of India |date=1977 |volume=18 |issue=8 |pages=436–444 |url=https://www.samvad.sibmpune.edu.in/index.php/jgsi/article/view/63962 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
*''PholidophorusP. kingi''
|
*''Pholidophorus indicus''
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
*Kota limestone ridge
*Paikasigudem village
|
*Lower Member
*Upper Member
|
*Several complete and incomplete specimens
|
A freshwater neopterygian of the family [[Pholidophoridae]].
|
|-
|
''P. indicus''
|
*Boraigudem limestone ridge
Line 559 ⟶ 588:
*Several complete and incomplete specimens
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater neopterygian of the family [[Pholidophoridae]].
|
|-
Line 565 ⟶ 594:
''[[Polyacrodus]]''<ref name=Fish/><ref name="Prasad2007">{{Cite journal| volume = 10| issue = 2| last1 = Prasad| first1 = G V R| last2 = Manhas| first2 = B K| title = A new docodont mammal from the Jurassic Kota Formation of India| journal = Palaeontologia Electronica| date = 2007 | url = https://palaeo-electronica.org/2007_2/00117/index.html}}</ref>
|
''PolyacrodusP.? sp.''
|
*Paikasigudem village
Line 573 ⟶ 602:
*Tooth
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater elasmobranch of the family [[Polyacrodontidae]].
|
|-
Line 587 ⟶ 616:
*About 60 specimens of Pharyngeal Teeth, including GSITL3-6
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater neopterygian of the family [[Pycnodontidae]], originally classified as [[Perciformes]], yet suggested to be very similar to the Cretaceous Pycnodontpycnodont ''[[Stephanodus]]''.
|
|-
Line 601 ⟶ 630:
*Teeth
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater neopterygian of the family [[Semionotiformes]].
|
|-
Line 607 ⟶ 636:
''[[Tetragonolepis]]''<ref name=Fish/><ref name=Fish2/>
|
*''TetragonolepisT. oldhami''
|
*Kota limestone ridge
Line 619 ⟶ 648:
*ISP37, nearly complete specimen
|
A Freshwaterfreshwater neopterygian of the family [[Dapediidae]].
|
[[File:Tetragonolepis.jpg|thumb|none|155px]]
Line 649 ⟶ 678:
*GSI.TL.20, right illium
|
Indeterminate Frogfrog remains, originally referred to [[Pelobatidae]] due to be compared with younger Creteaceous Indian Frogfrog material
|
|-
Line 665 ⟶ 694:
*GSI.TI.17, madible with 4 teeth
|
Indeterminate Caudatancaudatan remains, originally referred to [[Sirenidae]] due to be compared with younger Creteaceous Sirenidsirenid material
|
|-
Line 698 ⟶ 727:
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
''[[Dyskritodon]]?''<ref name="Prasad2002">{{Cite journal| volume = 24| issue = 2| pages = 445–464| last1 = Prasad| first1 = Guntupalli V R| last2 = Manhas| first2 = Brijesh K| title = Triconodont mammals from the Jurassic Kota Formation of India| journal = Geodiversitas| date = 2002}}</ref>
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
''DyskritodonD.? indicus''
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
Paikasigudem village
Line 713 ⟶ 742:
''[[Gondtherium]]''<ref name="Prasad2007"/>
|
''GondtheriumG. dattai''
|
Paikasigudem village
Line 727 ⟶ 756:
''[[Indotherium]]''<ref name="Yadagiri 1984">{{cite journal |last1=Yadagiri |first1=P. |title=New symmetrodonts from Kota Formation (Early Jurassic), India |journal=Journal of the Geological Society of India |date=1984 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=514–621 |url=https://www.geosocindia.org/index.php/jgsi/article/view/65284 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''IndotheriumI. pranhitai''
|
5 &nbsp;km west of Yamanapalli
|
*Lower Member
Line 741 ⟶ 770:
''[[Indobaatar]]''<ref name="Parmar2013">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1007/s00114-013-1047-0| issn = 0028-1042 | eissn = 1432-1904| volume = 100| issue = 6| pages = 515–523| last1 = Parmar| first1 = Varun| last2 = Prasad| first2 = Guntupalli V. R.| last3 = Kumar| first3 = Deepak| title = The first multituberculate mammal from India| journal = Naturwissenschaften| date = 2013 | pmid = 23644519 | bibcode = 2013NW....100..515P | s2cid = 253638698 | url = http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00114-013-1047-0}}</ref>
|
''IndobaatarI. zofiae''
|
Paikasigudem village
Line 755 ⟶ 784:
''[[Kotatherium]]''<ref name="Datta1981">{{cite journal |last1=Datta |first1=PM |title=The first Jurassic mammal from India |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London |date=1981 |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=307–312 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01598.x |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/73/4/307/2658802?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''KotatheriumK. haldanei''
|
5 &nbsp;km west of Yamanapalli
|
*Lower Member
Line 769 ⟶ 798:
''[[Nakunodon]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yadagiri |first1=P. |title=An amphidontid symmetrodont from the Early Jurassic Kota Formation, India |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=1985 |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=411–417 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01518.x |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/85/4/411/2648668?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''NakunodonN. paikasiensis''
|
Paikasigudem village
Line 783 ⟶ 812:
''[[Paikasigudodon]]''<ref name="Prasad2002"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prasad |first1=G.V.R. |last2=B.K. |first2=Manhas |title=A new symmetrodont mammal from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India |journal=Geobios |date=1997 |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=563–572 |doi=10.1016/S0016-6995(97)80122-2 |bibcode=1997Geobi..30..563P |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016699597801222 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''PaikasigudodonP. yadagirii''
|
Paikasigudem village
Line 797 ⟶ 826:
''[[Trishulotherium]]''<ref name="Yadagiri 1984"/>
|
''TrishulotheriumT. kotaensis''
|
Paikasigudem village
Line 824 ⟶ 853:
|
''[[Bharatagama]]''<ref name="Evans2002">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0299:FLFTJK]2.0.CO;2| issn = 0272-4634 | eissn = 1937-2809| volume = 22| issue = 2| pages = 299–312| last1 = Evans| first1 = Susan E.| last2 = Prasad| first2 = G. V. R.| last3 = Manhas| first3 = B. K.| title = Fossil lizards from the Jurassic Kota Formation of India| journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology| date = 2002-07-08| jstor = 4524224 | s2cid = 131207549 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4524224 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
''BharatagamaB. rebbanensis''
|
Paikasigudem village
Line 841 ⟶ 870:
*VPL/JU/KR 70, 71, 76,78, 93, 94, 97, 104, 105, dentary
|
A Lepidosauromorphlepidosauromorph originally described as an [[Iguania]]n lizard. May actually be a sphenodontian rather than a lizard.<ref name="Conrad2017">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx055| issn = 0024-4082 | eissn = 1096-3642| volume = 183| issue = 3| pages = 584–634| last = Conrad| first = Jack L| title = A new lizard (Squamata) was the last meal of Compsognathus (Theropoda: Dinosauria) and is a holotype in a holotype| journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society| date = 2018-06-28}}</ref>
|
|-
|
''[[Godavarisaurus]]''<ref name="Evans2001">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb00629.x| issn = 0024-4082| volume = 133| issue = 3| pages = 309–334| last1 = Evans| first1 = S. E.| last2 = Prasad| first2 = G. V. R.| last3 = Manhas| first3 = B. K.| title = Rhynchocephalians (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from the Jurassic Kota Formation of India| journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society| date = 2001|url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/133/3/309/2631229 |doi-access-date =15 June 2023free}}</ref>
|
''GodavarisaurusG. lateefi''
|
*Gorlapalli village
Line 861 ⟶ 890:
*VP4Ju/KR46, left palatine
|
A small [[sphenodontian]], with a skull estimated to measure less than 20 &nbsp;mm
|
|-
Line 867 ⟶ 896:
''[[Paikasisaurus]]''<ref name=Ver86/><ref name="Evans2002"/>
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
''PaikasisaurusP. indicus''
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
Paikasigudem village
Line 876 ⟶ 905:
*GSI.TI.15, left dentary with one tooth
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
An Indeterminateindeterminate and dubious Lepidosauromorphlepidosauromorph, originally suggested to be a [[Varanoideavaranoid]] lizard
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|-
Line 882 ⟶ 911:
''[[Rebbanasaurus]]''<ref name="Evans2001"/>
|
''RebbanasaurusR. jaini''
|
Paikasigudem village
Line 888 ⟶ 917:
*Upper Member
|
*About 50 specimens, including premaxillae, maxillae, dentaries, and a palatine
|
A small sphenodont
Line 918 ⟶ 947:
|
*GSI.TI.8-12, 17, maxilla
|
Indeterminate Sphenodontidae remains
|
Line 939 ⟶ 968:
''[[Indochelys]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Datta|first1=P.M.|last2=Manna|first2=P.|last3=Ghosh|first3=S.C.|last4=Das|first4=D. P.|date=April 2000|title=The First Jurassic turtle from India|journal=Palaeontology|volume=43|issue=1|pages=99–109|doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00120|bibcode=2000Palgy..43...99D |s2cid=129794477 |issn=0031-0239|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15493/files/PAL_E2888.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Joyce|first1=Walter G.|last2=Bandyopadhyay|first2=Saswati|date=2020-02-11|title=A reevaluation of the basal turtle Indochelys spatulata from the Early–Middle Jurassic (Toarcian–Aalenian) of India, with descriptions of new material|journal=PeerJ|volume=8|pages=e8542|doi=10.7717/peerj.8542|pmid=32095362|pmc=7020818|issn=2167-8359|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|
''IndochelysI. spatulata''
|
*3 &nbsp;km NNE of Kistapur village, Kota
*Near Kota village, north of Sironcha
|
*Upper memberMember
|
*GSI 20380, a partial shell
Line 950 ⟶ 979:
*ISI R177, the anterior half of a shell
|
[[Mesochelydia|Mesochelydian]]n stem-turtle, suggested to be related with ''[[Condorchelys]]''
|
|-
Line 958 ⟶ 987:
Indeterminate
|
1 &nbsp;km south of Bodepalli
|
*Lower memberMember
|
Carapace fragments
|
Indeterminate Turtleturtle remains
|
|-
Line 970 ⟶ 999:
 
===Crocodylomorpha===
[[Atoposauridae|Atoposaurid]] crocodiles are known from the unit, yet is not clear from what locality.<ref name="Chatterjee2020"/>
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|+Crocodylomorpha
Line 987 ⟶ 1,016:
Indeterminate
|
1 &nbsp;km south of Bodepalli
|
Lower memberMember
|
Maxillae, dentaries, teeth
|
Indeterminate Crocodylomorphcrocodylomorph remains, previously mixed with Thyreophoranthyreophoran material and part of the Chimaericchimaeric "''"[[Andhrasaurus]]"''"
|
|-
Line 1,005 ⟶ 1,034:
*Lower Member
|
Dermal scutes, with a femur and some fragments of other bones
Undetermined scutes
|
Indeterminate dermal scutesmaterial referred to Crocodrylomorphscrocodylomorphs similar to ''[[Teleosaurus]]''
|
|-
Line 1,027 ⟶ 1,056:
''[[Campylognathoides]]''<ref name=Ptero>{{cite journal |last1=Jain |first1=S. L. |title=Jurassic pterosaur from India |journal=Geological Society of India |date=1974 |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=330–335 |url=http://indianjournalofcomputerscience.com/index.php/jgsi/article/download/63266/49378 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
''CampylognathoidesC. indicus''
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
Kota limestone ridge
Line 1,033 ⟶ 1,062:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
* ISI R38, holotype, fragment of skull and upper jaw
| style="background:#fbdddb;" |
The holotype of ''Campylognathoides indicus'', a pair of premaxillae, may represent a fish rather than a pterosaur.<ref name="Padian2008">{{Cite journal| volume = 80| last = Padian| first = Kevin| title = The Early Jurassic pterosaur Campylognathoides Strand, 1928| journal = Special Papers in Palaeontology| date= 2008}}</ref>
Line 1,051 ⟶ 1,080:
*ISIR49. fragment displaying dissociated bones from post-cranial region
|
Indeterminate Pterosaurpterosaur Remainsremains
|
|-
Line 1,068 ⟶ 1,097:
! Images
|-
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
|
''"[[Andhrasaurus]]"''<ref name=Thy/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ulansky |first1=R. E. |title=Evolution of the stegosaurs (Dinosauria; Ornithischia) |journal=Dinologia |date=2014 |pages=1–35 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/51597336/Ulansky_2014_Stegosaurs_evolution.pdf |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
[[Ankylosauria]]?<ref name="Galton2019"/>
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
|
''"A. indicus"''
Indeterminate
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
|
1 km south of Bodepalli
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
|
*Lower Member
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
|
Sacral vertebra, vertebral centra, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, parts of scapula and ilium, osteoderms
Osteoderms and maybe other associated postcraneal material<ref name="Galton2019"/>
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
|
AlternatelyA consideredchimaera aof thyreophoran postcranial material and Crocodylomorph skull pieces. The armor was later suggested to be [[Ankylosauria]] indet.<ref name="Galton2019"/> And other latter works pointed out it likely belongs to an indeterminate basal thyreophoran.<ref name=Spicomellus>{{Cite journal|last1=Maidment|first1=Susannah C. R.|last2=Strachan|first2=Sarah J.|last3=Ouarhache|first3=Driss|last4=Scheyer|first4=Torsten M.|last5=Brown|first5=Emily E.|last6=Fernandez|first6=Vincent|last7=Johanson|first7=Zerina|last8=Raven|first8=Thomas J.|last9=Barrett|first9=Paul M.|date=2021-09-23|title=Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01553-6|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|volume=5|issue=12|language=en|pages=1576–1581|doi=10.1038/s41559-021-01553-6|pmid=34556830|bibcode=2021NatEE...5.1576M |s2cid=237616095|issn=2397-334X}}</ref> The name "Andhrasaurus indicus" was proposed<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ulansky |first1=R. E. |title=Evolution of the stegosaurs (Dinosauria; Ornithischia) |journal=Dinologia |date=2014 |pages=1–35 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/51597336/Ulansky_2014_Stegosaurs_evolution.pdf |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref> for a composite of this material and crocodylomorph elements, but is not considered to meet the requirements of zoological nomenclature.<ref name="Galton2019"/>
|style="background:#fbdddb;" |
|
|-
|
''[[Barapasaurus]]''<ref name="Bandyopadhyay2010">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00933.x| issn = 0031-0239 | eissn = 1475-4983| volume = 53| issue = 3| pages = 533–569| last1 = Bandyopadhyay| first1 = Saswati| last2 = Gillette| first2 = David D.| last3 = Ray| first3 = Sanghamitra| last4 = Sengupta| first4 = Dhurjati P.| title = Osteology of Barapasaurus tagorei (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Jurassic of India| journal = Palaeontology| date = 2010-03-19| bibcode = 2010Palgy..53..533B | s2cid = 140566138 | doi-access = free}}</ref>
|
''BarapasaurusB. tagorei''
|
*North of Krishnapur
*Pochampalli village
|
*Lower memberMember
|
*Roughly 300 bones, representing the disarticulated remains of at least six individuals
|
A sauropod dinosaur, either a [[Eusauropoda]] or more likely a [[Gravisauria]]. Represents the best -known Early Jurassic Sauropodsauropod
|
[[File:Barapasaurus DB.jpg|center|150px]]
|-
|style="background:#fbdddbE6E6E6;" |
''"[[Dandakosaurus]]"''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yadagiri |first1=P. |title=Osteological studies of a carnosaurian dinosaur from Lower Jurassic Kota Formation: Andhra Pradesh |journal=Geological Survey of India, Report for Field Season Programme |date=1982 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=2–7 |url=https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=3x6RaL |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|style="background:#fbdddbE6E6E6;" |
''"DandakosaurusD. indicus"''
|style="background:#fbdddbE6E6E6;" |
Yamanpalli bonebed
|style="background:#fbdddbE6E6E6;" |
Lower Member
|style="background:#fbdddbE6E6E6;" |
*Lateral tooth, proximal ischium
*Dorsal vertebra, proximal caudal vertebra (Likely of ''Kotasaurus'')
|style="background:#fbdddbE6E6E6;" |
A Chimaerachimaera of large theropod (bones, including and ischium and tooth), probably belonging to a Carnosaurcarnosaur, and sauropod bones (2two ''[[Kotasaurus]]'' Vertebraevertebrae)
|style="background:#fbdddbE6E6E6;" |
[[File:Dandakosaurus.png|thumb|none|155px]]
|-
Line 1,125 ⟶ 1,154:
Isolated Teeth
|
Five distinct morphotypes have been identified, mostly resemble Coelurosaurscoelurosaurs or Dromaeosauroidsdromaeosauroids.<ref name="Prasad2020"/>
|-
|- style="background:#fbdddb;"
|
|[[Hypsilophodontidae]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prasad |first1=G.V. R. |title=Microvertebrate assemblage from the Kota Formation (Early Jurassic) of Gorlapalli, Adilabad District, Andhra Pradesh |journal=Indian Society of Geoscientists Bulletin |date=1986 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=3–13}}</ref>
|
Indeterminate
Line 1,144 ⟶ 1,173:
''[[Kotasaurus]]''<ref name="Yadagiri2001">{{Cite journal| volume = 21| issue = 2| pages = 242–252| last = Yadagiri| first = P.| title = The osteology of Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis, a sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Kota Formation of India| journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology| date = 2001-07-20| doi = 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0242:TOOKYA]2.0.CO;2| jstor = 20061951| s2cid = 86345394}}</ref>
|
''KotasaurusK. yamanpalliensis''
|
Yamanpalli bonebed
|
*Lower memberMember
|
Disarticulated remains of at least 12 individuals<ref name="Yadagiri2001"/>
Line 1,165 ⟶ 1,194:
|
*Lower Member
*Upper memberMember
|
*End of left humerus
*Isolated Teeth
|
Indeterminate Ornithischianornithischian material. Among the teeth, at least five distinct morphotypes have been identified.
|-
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|
''[[Richardoestesia]]''?<ref name="Prasad2020"/>
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|
''RichardoestesiaR.? spp.''
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|
Paikasigudem village
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|
*Upper memberMember
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|
Isolated Teeth
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|
Teeth similar to those of the problematic taxon ''Richardoestesia'', of supposed coelurosaur affinities
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|
|-
|
[[ScelidosauridaeThyreophora]]<ref name="Prasad2020"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chatterjee |first1=S. |last2=Scotese |first2=C. R. |last3=Bajpai |first3=S. |title=The restless Indian plate and its epic voyage from Gondwana to Asia: Its tectonic, paleoclimatic, and paleobiogeographic evolution |journal=Geological Society of America Special Paper |date=2017 |volume=529 |issue=2 |pages=1–147 |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/books/book/1864/The-Restless-Indian-Plate-and-Its-Epic-Voyage-from |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|
Indeterminate
Line 1,193 ⟶ 1,222:
Paikasigudem village
|
*Upper memberMember
|
Scute and associated fragmentary limb bones.
|
Indeterminate Scelidosauridaescelidosaurid material.
|-
|-
|[[Sauropoda]]<ref name="Yadagiri2001" />
|Indeterminate.
|Yamanpalli bonebed.
|• Lower Member
|Teeth.
|Found in the same bonebed as ''Kotasaurus'', resembles ''[[Amygdalodon]]''.
|
|-
|[[Theropoda|Carnosauria]]<ref name="Yadagiri2001" />
|Indeterminate.
|Yamanapalli bonebed.
|• Lower Member
|Teeth.
|Found in the same bonebed as ''Kotasaurus'', referred to as
'[[Carnosauria|carnosaurs]]'
|
|}
 
Line 1,215 ⟶ 1,261:
''[[Agathoxylon]]''<ref name=Flora2>{{cite journal |last1=Chinnappa |first1=C. |last2=Rajanikanth |first2=A. |last3=Kavali |first3=P. S. |title=Palaeofloras from the Kota Formation, India: palaeodiversity and ecological implications |journal=Volumina Jurassica |date=2019 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |url=https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-3ac99cbc-b76f-44d1-b4c1-d36e9bec8dda |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''AgathoxylonA. kotaense''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,221 ⟶ 1,267:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,227 ⟶ 1,273:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''AgathoxylonA. chandrapurensis''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,233 ⟶ 1,279:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,239 ⟶ 1,285:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''AgathoxylonA. santacruzense''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chinnappa |first1=C. |last2=Kavali |first2=P. S. |title=Agathoxylon santacruzense Kloster & Gnaedinger from the Lower–Middle Jurassic Kota Formation, India and its paleoenvironmental implications |journal=Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia |date=2020 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=227–233 |doi=10.4072/rbp.2020.4.01 |s2cid=230537208 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347656268 |access-date=16 June 2023|doi-access=free }}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,245 ⟶ 1,291:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,251 ⟶ 1,297:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''AgathoxylonA. pranhitaensis''<ref name=Flora2/><ref name=Wooda>{{cite journal |last1=Rajanikanth |first1=A. |last2=Sukh-Dev |first2=A. |title=The Kota Formation: fossil flora and stratigraphy |journal=Geophytology |date=1989 |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=52–64}}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,257 ⟶ 1,303:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,263 ⟶ 1,309:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''AgathoxylonA. santalense''<ref name=Flora2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,269 ⟶ 1,315:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,275 ⟶ 1,321:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''AgathoxylonA. spp.''<ref name=Flora2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Bodepalli
Line 1,284 ⟶ 1,330:
*Upper Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,292 ⟶ 1,338:
''[[Araucarites]]''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=Ptero2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''AraucaritesA. minutus''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Dronadula
Line 1,298 ⟶ 1,344:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,304 ⟶ 1,350:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''AraucaritesA. sp.''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,310 ⟶ 1,356:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,318 ⟶ 1,364:
''[[Brachyphyllum]]''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''BrachyphyllumB. expansum''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,324 ⟶ 1,370:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,332 ⟶ 1,378:
''[[Elatocladus]]''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=Ptero2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''ElatocladusE. conferta''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,338 ⟶ 1,384:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,344 ⟶ 1,390:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''ElatocladusE. tenerrimus''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,350 ⟶ 1,396:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,356 ⟶ 1,402:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''ElatocladusE. jabalpurensis''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,362 ⟶ 1,408:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,368 ⟶ 1,414:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''ElatocladusE. plana''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,374 ⟶ 1,420:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,380 ⟶ 1,426:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''ElatocladusE. sp.''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,386 ⟶ 1,432:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,394 ⟶ 1,440:
''[[Cladophlebis]]''<ref name=Ptero2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''CladophlebisC. denticulata''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Boraigudem
Line 1,402 ⟶ 1,448:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Isolated Frondsfronds
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Osmundaceae]] in the [[Osmundales]].
Line 1,409 ⟶ 1,455:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''CladophlebisC. indica''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=Ptero2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Boraigudem
Line 1,417 ⟶ 1,463:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Isolated Frondsfronds
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Osmundaceae]] in the [[Osmundales]]
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''CladophlebisC. reversa''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=Ptero2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Boraigudem
Line 1,430 ⟶ 1,476:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Isolated Frondsfronds
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Osmundaceae]] in the [[Osmundales]]
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''CladophlebisC. spp.''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=Ptero2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Boraigudem
Line 1,443 ⟶ 1,489:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Isolated Frondsfronds
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Osmundaceae]] in the [[Osmundales]]
Line 1,450 ⟶ 1,496:
''[[Circoporoxylon]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chinnappa |first1=C. |last2=Rajanikanth |first2=A. |title=A New Species of Circoporoxylon from the Kota Formation (Jurassic), Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India, and Palaeobiogeography of the Genus |journal=Ameghiniana |date=2016 |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=675–684 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.19.07.2016.2954 |s2cid=132877882 |url=https://bioone.org/journals/ameghiniana/volume-53/issue-6/AMGH.19.07.2016.2954/A-New-Species-of-Circoporoxylon-from-the-Kota-Formation-Jurassic/10.5710/AMGH.19.07.2016.2954.short |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''CircoporoxylonC. kotaense''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,456 ⟶ 1,502:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Podocarpaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,464 ⟶ 1,510:
''[[Coniopteris]]''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=Ptero2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''ConiopterisC. hymenophylloides''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Boraigudem
Line 1,472 ⟶ 1,518:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Isolated Frondsfronds
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Polypodiales]] in the [[Polypodiidae (plant)|Polypodiidae]]. Common cosmopolitan Mesozoic fern genus. Recent research has reinterpreted it a [[Crown group|stem group]] of the [[Polypodiales]] (closely related to the extant genera ''[[Dennstaedtia]]'', ''[[Lindsaea]]'', and ''[[Odontosoria]]'')
Line 1,479 ⟶ 1,525:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''ConiopterisC. sp.''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,485 ⟶ 1,531:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Isolated Frondsfronds
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Polypodiales]] in the [[Polypodiidae (plant)|Polypodiidae]].
Line 1,492 ⟶ 1,538:
''[[Cupressinoxylon]]''<ref name=Flora2/><ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''CupressinoxylonC. kotaense''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,498 ⟶ 1,544:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,506 ⟶ 1,552:
''[[Dictyozamites]]''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''DictyozamitesD. falcatus''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,518 ⟶ 1,564:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''DictyozamitesD. kotaense''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,532 ⟶ 1,578:
''[[Equisetum]]''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''Equisetum E.rajmahalensis''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Chitur village
Line 1,549 ⟶ 1,595:
''[[Ginkgoites]]''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''GinkgoitesG. lobata''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,564 ⟶ 1,610:
''[[Ginkgoxylon]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Biradar |first1=N.V. |last2=Mahabale |first2=T.S. |title=Occurrence of Ginkgo like wood in east Gondwanas of India |journal=Recent Advances in Geology |date=1978 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=146–153}}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''GinkgoxylonG. dixii''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,570 ⟶ 1,616:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Ginkgoaceae]] inside [[Ginkgoopsida]].
Line 1,578 ⟶ 1,624:
''[[Hausmannia]]''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''HausmanniaH. cf. buchii''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,593 ⟶ 1,639:
''[[Otozamites]]''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''OtozamitesO. vemavarmensis''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,608 ⟶ 1,654:
''[[Pagiophyllum]]''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=Ptero2/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PagiophyllumP. peregrinum''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,614 ⟶ 1,660:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,620 ⟶ 1,666:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PagiophyllumP. cf.peregrinum''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,626 ⟶ 1,672:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,632 ⟶ 1,678:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PagiophyllumP. spp.''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,638 ⟶ 1,684:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Araucariaceae]] or [[Cheirolepidiaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,646 ⟶ 1,692:
''[[Pachypteris]]''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PachypterisP. indica''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,660 ⟶ 1,706:
''[[Planoxylon]]''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;|
''PlanoxylonP. mahabalei''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,666 ⟶ 1,712:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Protopinaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,674 ⟶ 1,720:
''[[Podocarpoxylon]]''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;|
''PodocarpoxylonP. chandrapurensis''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,680 ⟶ 1,726:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Podocarpaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,686 ⟶ 1,732:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PodocarpoxylonP. chiturensis''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Chitur village
Line 1,692 ⟶ 1,738:
*Upper Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Podocarpaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,698 ⟶ 1,744:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PodocarpoxylonP. krauselii''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,704 ⟶ 1,750:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Podocarpaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,710 ⟶ 1,756:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PodocarpoxylonP. rajmahalense''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,716 ⟶ 1,762:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Podocarpaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,722 ⟶ 1,768:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PodocarpoxyionP. sewardii''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,728 ⟶ 1,774:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Podocarpaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,734 ⟶ 1,780:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PodocarpoxylonP. sp.''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,740 ⟶ 1,786:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Podocarpaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,748 ⟶ 1,794:
''[[Podozamites]]''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PodozamitesP. sp.''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,763 ⟶ 1,809:
''[[Pseudoctenis]]''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PseudoctenisP. cf. frngilisfragilis''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,777 ⟶ 1,823:
''[[Ptilophyllum]]''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PtilophyllumP. fissum''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Boraigudem
Line 1,791 ⟶ 1,837:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PtilophyllumP. acutifolium''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Boraigudem
Line 1,805 ⟶ 1,851:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PtilophyllumP. cutchense''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Chitur village
Line 1,819 ⟶ 1,865:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PtilophyllumP. cf.sahnii''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,831 ⟶ 1,877:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PtilophyllumP. cf.institacallum''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,843 ⟶ 1,889:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''PtilophyllumP. sp.''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Near Kota village
Line 1,855 ⟶ 1,901:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" rowspan="2"|
''[[Protaxodioxylon]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chinnappa |first1=C. H. |last2=Kavali |first2=P. S. |last3=Rajanikanth |first3=A. |title=Protaxodioxylon from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Kota Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India |journal=Paleontological Journal |date=2019 |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=1206–1215 |doi=10.1134/S0031030119110029 |bibcode=2019PalJ...53.1206C |s2cid=212642535 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0031030119110029 |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;|
''ProtaxodioxylonP. sahnii''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Chitur village
Line 1,863 ⟶ 1,909:
*Upper Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,869 ⟶ 1,915:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;|
''PrototaxoxylonP. liassicum''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Murlidhar |first1=R.G. |title=On a silicified wood from the Kota formation (Liassic) of the Pranhita Godavari Basin |journal=Journal of Swamy's Botany |date=1991 |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=107–112}}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,875 ⟶ 1,921:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,883 ⟶ 1,929:
''[[Sphenopteris]]''<ref name=Wooda/><ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''SphenopterisS. kotaensis''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,897 ⟶ 1,943:
''[[Taxaceoxylon]]''<ref name=Wooda/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;|
''TaxaceoxylonT. sahnii''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,903 ⟶ 1,949:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,909 ⟶ 1,955:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;|
''TaxaceoxylonT. biradarii''<ref name=ThesisFlo>{{cite journal |last1=Jayashri Shivajirao |first1=Jadhav |title=Studies on the fossil flora of Kota formation |journal=Thesis Shivaji University, Department of Botany |date=1995 |volume=1 |issue=1 |url=http://ir.unishivaji.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/220?mode=full |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Chitur village
Line 1,915 ⟶ 1,961:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,921 ⟶ 1,967:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;|
''TaxaceoxylonT. antiquum''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,927 ⟶ 1,973:
*Lower Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,933 ⟶ 1,979:
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;|
''TaxaceoxylonT. sp.''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Near Kota village
Line 1,939 ⟶ 1,985:
*Upper Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Fossil Woodwood
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Cupressaceae]] inside [[Pinales]].
Line 1,947 ⟶ 1,993:
''[[Torreyites]]''<ref name=ThesisFlo/>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
''TorreyitesT. constricte''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
*Chitur village
Line 1,953 ⟶ 1,999:
*Upper Member
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Branched Shootsshoots
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
Affinities with [[Taxaceae]] in the [[Pinales]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
[[File:Torreya nucifera var. spaerica.jpg|thumb|center|160px|Extant ''[[Torreya]]'' specimen]]
Line 1,970 ⟶ 2,016:
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
 
== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Formation"
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