Propaganda: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
 
'''Propaganda''' is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using [[loaded language]] to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented.<ref name="brit_BLS">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Bruce L. |author-link=Bruce Lannes Smith |title=Propaganda |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Inc. |date=17 February 2016 |url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/propaganda |access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hobbs |first=Renee |title=Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education for a Digital Age |publisher=W.W. Norton |year=2020 |location=New York |author-link=Renee Hobbs}}</ref>
 
“We’ll know our disinformation program is complete when everything the American public believes is false.”
 
William Casey, former director of the CIA, upon being asked what the goal of the agency was (in 1981).
 
<ref name="brit_BLS">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Bruce L. |author-link=Bruce Lannes Smith |title=Propaganda |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Inc. |date=17 February 2016 |url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/propaganda |access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hobbs |first=Renee |title=Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education for a Digital Age |publisher=W.W. Norton |year=2020 |location=New York |author-link=Renee Hobbs}}</ref>
 
Beginning in the twentieth century, the English term ''propaganda'' became associated with a [[Psychological manipulation|manipulative]] approach, but historically, propaganda had been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or [[ideology|ideologies]].<ref name="brit_BLS"/><ref name="Diggs-Brown2011p48"/>
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[[File: Propaganda do Estado Novo (Brasil).jpg|thumb|upright|A 1938 propaganda of the ''[[Estado Novo (Brazil)|Estado Novo]]'' (New State) regime depicting Brazilian president [[Getúlio Vargas]] flanked by children. The text reads: "Children! Learning, at home and in school, the worship of the Fatherland, you will bring all chances of success to life. Only love builds and, strongly loving Brazil, you will lead it to the greatest of destinies among Nations, fulfilling the desires of exaltation nestled in every Brazilian heart."]]
 
Of all the potential targets for propaganda, children are the most vulnerable because they are the least prepared with the critical reasoning and contextual comprehension they need to determine whether a message is a propaganda or not. The attention children give their environment during development, due to the process of developing their understanding of the world, causes them to absorb propaganda indiscriminately. Also, children are highly imitative: studies by [[Albert Bandura]], [[Dorothea Ross]] and Sheila A. Ross in the 1960s indicated that, to a degree, [[socialization]], formal education and standardized television programming can be seen as using propaganda for the purpose of [[indoctrination]]. The use of propaganda in schools was highly prevalent during the 1930s and 1940s in Germany in the form of the [[Hitler Youth]].
 
===Anti-Semitic propaganda for children===
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