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Incnis Mrsi (talk | contribs) I do not see any false-friendness here. words clearly cognate and this article describes a form of political rehabilitation |
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'''Rehabilitation''' ({{lang-ru|реабилитация}}, [[Romanization of Russian|transliterated]] in [[English language|English]] as ''reabilitatsiya'' or [[Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic|academically]] rendered as ''reabilitacija'') was a term used in the context of the former [[Soviet Union]], and the [[Post-Soviet states]]. Beginning after the death of Stalin in 1953, the government undertook the political and social restoration, or [[political rehabilitation]], of persons who had been repressed and criminally prosecuted without due basis. It restored the person to the state of [[acquittal]]. In many cases, rehabilitation was posthumous, as thousands of victims had been executed or died in labor camps.
The government also rehabilitated several minority populations which it had relocated under Stalin, and allowed them to return to former territories and in some cases restored their [[Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union|autonomy in those regions]].
==Post-Stalinism epoch==
The government started mass [[amnesty]] of the victims of [[Soviet repressions]] after the death of [[Joseph Stalin]]. In 1953, this did not entail any form of exoneration. The government released the amnestees into internal exile in remote areas, without any right to return to their original places of settlement.
The
In 1956 [[Nikita Khrushchev]], then in the position of [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]], denounced [[Stalinism]] in his notable speech ''[[On the Personality Cult and its Consequences]]''. Afterward, the government accompanied release of political prisoners with rehabilitation, allowing them to return home and reclaim their lives.
Several entire nationality groups had been deported to Siberia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia during [[population transfer in the Soviet Union|population transfer]]; these were also rehabilitated in the late 1950s. The government allowed many of those groups to return to their former homelands and restored their former autonomous regions. It did not restore territory to the [[Volga Germans]] and [[Crimean Tatars]].<ref>Robert Conquest, ''The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities'' (London: MacMillan, 1970) (ISBN 0-333-10575-3); S. Enders Wimbush and Ronald Wixman, "The Meskhetian Turks: A New Voice in Central Asia," ''Canadian Slavonic Papers'' 27, Nos. 2 and 3 (Summer and Fall, 1975):
In most cases, the persons were released with the phrases "due to the lack of a criminal matter" and "based on previously unavailable information". Some were released "due to the lack of a proof of guilt". Many rehabilitations occurred posthumously, as thousands had been executed by Stalin's government or died in the harsh conditions of the labor camps. Many individuals were subject to amnesty only, but not to rehabilitation (in particular those who had been prosecuted for "belonging to [[Trotskyite]] Opposition").▼
==Perestroika and post-Soviet states==
▲In most cases, the persons were released with the phrases "due to the lack of a criminal matter" and "based on previously unavailable information". Some were released "due to the lack of a proof of guilt". Many rehabilitations occurred posthumously, as thousands had been executed by Stalin's government or died in the harsh conditions of the labor camps. Many individuals were subject to amnesty only, but not to rehabilitation (in particular those who had been prosecuted for "belonging to Trotskyite Opposition").
Another wave of rehabilitations started about 1986 with emerging Soviet policy of [[Perestroika]]. Persons who were repressed [[extrajudicial punishment|extrajudicially]] were summarily rehabilitated. Also, Soviet civilian and military justice continued to rehabilitate victims of Stalin's purges (posthumously), as well as some people repressed after Stalin. After [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in late 1991, this trend continued in most post-Soviet states.
Both the modern [[Russian Federation]] and [[Ukraine]]<ref>[http://zakon.nau.ua/eng/doc/?uid=3019.39.0 "Rehabilitation of victims of political repressions in Ukraine"], Law of Ukraine</ref> have enacted laws "On the Rehabilitation of the Victims of Political Repressions", which provide the basis for the continued post-Stalinist rehabilitation of victims.
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==Further reading==
*Adler, N. ''The Gulag Survivor: Beyond the Soviet System''. New Brunswick, New Jersy, USA/London: Transaction Publishers, 2002.
*Iakovlev, A. (ed.) ''Reabilitatsiia: politicheskie protsessy
*Smith, K. ''Remembering Stalin’s Victims: Popular Memory and the End of the USSR''. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1996.
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