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Guliolopez (talk | contribs) →Etymology: Dupe. Grose is already given as a reference (with the same quote/text) immediately above. As one of the several sources which connect the name to the forest "of that name famous for its oaks". There's no reason, that I can see, for Grose to be given more weight than any of the other sources listed and quoted. (IE: Why pull out and mention Grose specifically when there are also other sources which state something similar?) |
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[[File:Shillelaghs in various stages of completion.jpg|thumb|Oaken shillelaghs in various stages of completion]]
=== Fittings ===
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== History ==
Shillelaghs were used in Ireland for [[duel]]s, as were swords or pistols in other places, with a code of conduct.<ref>{{cite web | title=Shillelagh|publisher=Indiana University Bloomington | website=Windows to the World: Digital Artifacts for Global Educators| url=https://w2w.indiana.edu/explore-collections/shillelagh.html | access-date=7 October 2024}}</ref> Modern practitioners of this form of [[stick-fighting]] study the use of the shillelagh for self-defence and as a [[Martial arts|martial art]]. Researcher J. W. Hurley writes:
<blockquote>
Methods of shillelagh fighting have evolved over a period of thousands of years, from the spear, staff, axe and sword fighting of the Irish. There is some evidence which suggests that the use of Irish stick weapons may have evolved in a progression from a reliance on long spears and [[Acacia sensu lato|wattles]], to shorter spears and wattles, to the shillelagh, alpeen,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|There is only a vague distinction between shillelagh and alpeen ([[Diarmaid Ó Muirithe]]),{{nonspecific|date=November 2022}} though the alpeen may be longer or heavier, and be knobbed in the minds of some ([[P. W. Joyce]]).{{sfn|Hurley|2007|p=131}} An ''alpeen'' or ''ailpeen'' ({{lang-ga|ailpín}}) is glossed as. "thick [[alpenstock]]", "[[walking stick#Types|ashplant]]", "club", "heavy stick".{{sfn|Dolan|2006|pp=5–6: "ailpeen, alpeen"}} }} blackthorn (walking-stick) and short cudgel. By the 19th century Irish shillelagh-fighting had evolved into a practice which involved the use of three basic types of weapons, sticks which were long, medium or short in length.{{sfn|Hurley|2007|p=347}}</blockquote>
''Bataireacht'', an [[Irish language]] term sometimes given as referring to "cudgelling" or "beating with a club",<ref>{{cite book | url = https://celt.ucc.ie/Dinneen1sted.pdf | via = celt.ucc.ie | title = Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla / An Irish-English Dictionary | editor-first = Patrick S. | editor-last = Dinneen | place = Dublin | publisher = Irish Texts Society | date = 1904 }}</ref> refers to a category of stick-fighting in Ireland,{{sfn|O'Connell|2022}} with the ''shillelagh'' sometimes used in such fights.<ref name="Geber">{{Cite journal |last1=Geber |first1=Jonny |last2=O’Donnabhain |first2=Barra |date=2020 |title="Against Shameless and Systematic Calumny": Strategies of Domination and Resistance and Their Impact on the Bodies of the Poor in Nineteenth-Century Ireland |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s41636-019-00219-2 |journal=Historical Archaeology |language=en |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=160–183 |doi=10.1007/s41636-019-00219-2 |issn=2328-1103 |pmc=7012797 |pmid=32116407}}</ref> Also referred to as ''boiscín'',{{sfn|O'Begly|1732}} the fighting style is mostly
Some authors have argued that prior to the 19th century, the term "bataireacht" had been used to refer to a form of stick-fencing used to train Irish soldiers in [[broadsword]] and [[sabre]] techniques.<ref name="Patrick D. O'Donnell">{{cite book
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| title = The Irish Faction Fighters of the 19th Century
| publisher = Anvil Press
| year = 1975}}{{page needed|date=December 2020}}</ref> This theory has been
| last = Walker
| first = Donald
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}}</ref> the two systems are in practice substantially different, namely in the active use of the buta, a part of the stick with no equivalent in European swords.{{fact|date=January 2024}}
By the 18th century, stick fighting became increasingly associated with Irish gangs called "factions".
| last = Clark
| first = Samuel
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[[Bing Crosby]] recorded a song entitled "Two Shillelagh O'Sullivan" in the 1950s.{{sfn|Crosby|1952}}
== Modern
[[Image:Jeweledshillelagh.jpg|thumb|right|The Jeweled Shillelagh]]
The shillelagh came to be regarded as a stereotypical symbol of Irishness in popular culture,{{sfn|Hurley|2007|p=15}} particularly in an Irish-American context.
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In sports, the [[Boston Celtics]] logo depicts a [[leprechaun]] with a shillelagh, as does the logo of the [[Brisbane Brothers]] [[Rugby league]] team in Australia. In San Diego, [[San Diego Padres|Padres]] broadcaster [[Mark Grant (baseball)|Mark Grant]] popularised the shillelagh as a rallying call, by using terms like "Shillelagh Power" to describe late-game heroics by the Padres. The success of the phrase led the San Diego Padres store to carry [[inflatable]] shillelaghs. Similarly, in American [[college football]], a [[Jeweled Shillelagh]] is the trophy given to the winner of the annual [[college rivalry|rivalry game]] between the [[USC Trojans|University of Southern California Trojans]] and the [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish|University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeweled Shillelagh (USC vs. Notre Dame) |url=https://usctrojans.com/sports/2018/7/25/usc-history-traditions-jeweled-shillelagh-notre-dame-rivalry.aspx |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=USC Athletics |language=en}}</ref>
== See also ==
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* [[Knobkerrie]], a similar club associated with Southern Africa and World War I British troops
* [[Rungu (weapon)]], a similar club common in East Africa
==Further reading==
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=shillelagh |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |website=etymonline.com |title=Shillelagh |ref={{harvid|Etymology Online}} }}
* {{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/178130?redirectedFrom=shillelagh#eid |chapter=Shillelagh |title=Oxford English Dictionary (Second Edition, Volume 15) |ref={{harvid|Oxford English Dictionary|1989}} |chapter-url-access=subscription}}
* {{cite book |series=Dungeons & Dragons |title=Player's Handbook |edition=5th |publisher=[[Wizards of the Coast]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-7869-6560-1 |url=http://dnd.wizards.com/products/tabletop-games/rpg-products/rpg_playershandbook |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140824153624/http://dnd.wizards.com/products/tabletop-games/rpg-products/rpg_playershandbook |url-status=live|archive-date=24 August 2014 |ref={{harvid|Dungeons & Dragons|2014}}}}
{{Refend}}
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