Nielsen Audio (formerly Arbitron) is a consumer research company in the United States that collects listener data on radio broadcasting audiences. It was founded as the American Research Bureau by Jim Seiler in 1949 and became national by merging with Los Angeles–based Coffin, Cooper, and Clay in the early 1950s.[2] The company's initial business was the collection of broadcast television ratings.
 | |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Media market (research) |
| Founded | Washington, D.C. (1949) |
| Headquarters | |
Area served | United States |
Key people | Sean Creamer, CEO |
| Products | Ratings data |
| Revenue |  US$422.31 million(FY 2010)[1] |
| US$85.11 million (FY 2010)[1] | |
| US$53.29 million (FY 2010)[1] | |
| Total assets | US$238.96 million (FY 2010)[1] |
| Total equity | US$126.81 million (FY 2010)[1] |
| Owner | The Nielsen Company |
Number of employees | 1,625 (Dec 2011)[1] |
| Website | www.nielsen.com/audio |
The company changed its name to Arbitron in the mid‑1960s, the namesake of the Arbitron System, a centralized statistical computer with leased lines to viewers' homes to monitor their activity. Deployed in New York City, it gave instant ratings data on what people were watching. A reporting board lit up to indicate which homes were listening to which broadcasts.[3] For years, Arbitron was a part of Control Data Corporation (CDC) and in 1992, it became a part of Ceridian Corporation before the company was split in 2001. The then-current Arbitron was formed from the renaming of the old Ceridian Corporation while the spin-off firm took the Ceridian Corporation name and acted as accounting successor.[4]
On December 18, 2012, The Nielsen Company announced that it would acquire Arbitron, its only competitor, for US$1.26 billion.[5][6] The acquisition closed on September 30, 2013, and the company was re-branded as Nielsen Audio. As a condition of the deal to allow a monopoly, Nielsen must license its ratings data and technology to a third party for eight years.[7]
Methods
editSurvey
editArbitron's syndicated radio ratings service collects data by selecting a random sample of a population throughout the United States, primarily in 294 metropolitan areas, using a paper diary service 2‑4 times a year and the Portable People Meter (PPM) electronic audience measurement service 365 days a year.[citation needed]
The term commonly used in the radio industry for these ratings is Arbitron book, a carryover from the era when ratings were published in a softcover report that was mailed to clients. More specifically, in the diary-measured markets these reports were called the "Spring book", "Summer book", "Fall book", and "Winter book". Between these "books", Arbitron releases interim monthly reports called "Arbitrends", which contain data from the previous three months known as "rolling average" reports. The two interim reports would be known, for example, as "Spring, Phase I" and "Spring, Phase II".[citation needed]
Arbitron recruits diary survey respondents to note their listening habits in a seven-day paper diary and mail it back to Arbitron. The respondents are paid a small cash incentive for their participation. Turnaround time for release of data from the end of the survey period is approximately three weeks.[citation needed]
After collection, the data is marketed to radio broadcasters, radio networks, cable TV companies, advertisers, advertising agencies, out-of-home advertising companies, and the online radio industry.[8] Major ratings products include cume (the cumulative number of unique listeners over a period), average quarter hour (AQH share – the average number of people listening in a given 15‑minute period), time spent listening (TSL), and market breakdowns by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. The "cume" only counts a listener once, whereas the AQH is a product of "cume" and time spent listening. For example, if you looked into a room and saw Fred and Jane, then 15 minutes later saw Fred with Sara. The "cume" would be 3 (Fred, Jane, Sara) and the AQH would be 2 (an average of two people in the room in a given 15‑minute period).[citation needed]
Portable People Meter
editResponding to requests from its customers—radio broadcasters, ad agencies and advertisers—that expressed their interest in the collection of more accurate ratings data, Arbitron introduced the Portable People Meter (PPM) service in 2007.[9]
The PPM is a wearable portable device, much like a pager or mobile phone, that electronically gathers subaudible codes that identify the source of a broadcast, such as a radio station. Arbitron recruits and compensates a cross-section of consumers to wear the meter for an average of one year and up to two years. The audience estimates generated from each monthly survey are used as the buy/sell currency for radio stations and advertisers/agencies.
As of December 2009, the PPM was measured in 33 media markets, including Houston, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, New York City, Atlanta, Detroit, Long Island, Middlesex-Somerset-Union, Chicago, Los Angeles, Riverside-San Bernardino, San Francisco, Jacksonville, Baltimore, and San Jose.[10] By 2010, 48 markets are being measured using the PPM.[11][12]
See also
edit- ComScore, an internet analytics company with which Arbitron is partnering to analyze cross-media management[13]
- List of most-listened-to radio programs
- List of United States radio markets
- Nielsen ratings (for television programs)
- Radio & Records, periodical that published Arbitron data for commercial stations
- Radio Research Consortium, non-profit corporation which publishes Arbitron data for non-commercial stations
- The Media Audit
- Time spent listening (TSL), one of the metrics measured
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "Arbitron, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 24, 2012" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved Jan 13, 2013.
- ^ Richter, William A. (2006). Radio: A Complete Guide to the Industry, Volume 4 of Media industries. Peter Lang. p. 84. ISBN 9780820476339.
- ^ Beville, Hugh Malcolm (1988). Audience Ratings: Radio, Television, and Cable. Psychology Press. p. 68. ISBN 9780805801743.
- ^ "ARBITRON INC (Form Type: 8-K, Filing Date: 03/30/2001)". edgar.secdatabase.com. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
- ^ "Arbitron, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Dec 18, 2012". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Jan 13, 2013.
- ^ "Nielsen to Branch Out With Arbitron". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ "Nielsen Deal For Arbitron Is Complete". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ "What We Do". Arbitron. Archived from the original on 11 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
- ^ "Arbitron, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 27, 2007" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved Jan 13, 2013.
- ^ "Arbitron, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Mar 1, 2010". secdatabase.com. Retrieved Jan 13, 2013.
- ^ "Arbitron, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 24, 2011" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved Jan 13, 2013.
- ^ "Arbitron PPM Update September 2011 Report Release" (PDF). Arbitron. 2011-10-12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-05. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- ^ Vega, Tanzina (13 September 2012). "ESPN, Aided by Arbitron and comScore, to Follow the Audience Wherever It Goes". New York Times. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
External links
edit- Official website
- Arbitron SEC Filings
- Ratings - Persons 12+ from Arbitron for commercial stations
- Ratings - Persons 12+ from FMQB for commercial stations
- Ratings - Persons 12+ from Radio and Records for commercial stations
- List of U.S. Radio Markets (ranked by size)
- Audio interview of Ernest H. Clay, ARB's Research and Production Director on WGN's discussion show Your Right To Say It