The chief minister of Maharashtra (IAST: Mahārāṣṭrāce Mukhyamaṃtrī) is the head of the executive branch of the government of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Following elections to the Legislative Assembly, the governor invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government and appoints the chief minister. If the appointee is not a member of either the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council of Maharashtra, then the Constitution stipulates that they need to be elected within six months of being sworn in.[2] The office of the CM is coterminous with the concurrent Assembly provided the CM commands confidence in the house and hence does not exceed five years. However, it is subject to no term limits.[1]
| Chief Minister of Maharashtra | |
|---|---|
| Mahārāṣṭrāche Mukhyamantrī | |
 | |
 | |
| Government of Maharashtra | |
| Style | The Honorable Mr. Chief Minister His Excellency |
| Status | Head of Government |
| Abbreviation | CM |
| Member of | |
| Residence | Varsha Bungalow, Malabar Hill, Mumbai |
| Seat | Mantralaya, Mumbai |
| Appointer | Governor of Maharashtra |
| Term length | At the confidence of the assembly 5 years and is subject to no term limits.[1] |
| Precursor | Prime Minister of Bombay
|
| Inaugural holder | |
| Formation | 1 May 1960 |
| Deputy | Eknath Shinde Ajit Pawar |
| Salary |
|
| Website | CMO Maharashtra |
Maharashtra was formed by dissolution of Bombay State and Hyderabad State on 1 May 1960.[3] Yashwantrao Chavan, who was serving as the third CM of Bombay State since 1956, became the first CM of Maharashtra. He belonged to the Indian National Congress and held the office until the 1962 Assembly elections. Marotrao Kannamwar succeeded him and was the only CM to die while in office.[4][5] Vasantrao Naik, who was in office from December 1963 to February 1975 for more than 11 years, has by far been the longest serving CM. He also was the first and only CM to complete his full term of five years (1967-1972) till Devendra Fadnavis matched it (2014-2019). With the exceptions of Manohar Joshi (SS), Narayan Rane (SS), Devendra Fadnavis (BJP), Uddhav Thackeray (SS) and Eknath Shinde (SS), all other CMs have been from the Congress or its breakaway parties.[6][7][8]
So far, President's rule has been imposed thrice in the state: first from February to June 1980 and again from September to October 2014. It was again imposed on 12 November 2019.[9][10]
The current incumbent is Devendra Fadnavis of the Bharatiya Janata Party since 5 December 2024.[11]
Precursors
editKey
editColour key for political parties
N/A (President's rule)
| #[b] | Portrait | Name | Term of office | Assembly | Appointed
by (Governor) |
Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
|
Dhanjishah Cooper | 1 April 1937 | 19 July 1937[13] | 140 days | 1st Provincial | The Lord Brabourne | Independent | |
| 2 | 
|
Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher | 19 July 1937[13][14] | 2 November 1939[15] | 2 years, 106 days | Robert Duncan Bell | Indian National Congress | ||
| - | 
|
Vacant
(Governor's Rule) |
2 November
1939 |
30 March 1946 | 6 years, 148 days | Dissolved | - | N/A | |
| (2) |
|
Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher | 30 March 1946 | 26 January 1950 |
3 years, 302 days | 2nd
Provincial |
Sir John Colville | Indian National Congress | |
Chief ministers of Bombay State (1947–60)
edit| #[c] | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Term of office | Assembly | Appointed by
(Governor) |
Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | |
Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher | MLC | 15 August 1947 | 21 April 1952 | 4 years, 250 days | Provincial Assembly | Sir John Colville | Indian National Congress | |
| 2 | 
|
Morarji Desai | Bulsar Chikhli | 21 April 1952 | 31 October 1956 | 4 years, 193 days | 1st | Raja Sir Maharaj Singh | ||
| Chief ministers of Bombay State (1956–60)[d] | ||||||||||
| 3 |  |
Yashwantrao Chavan | Karad North | 1 November 1956 | 5 April 1957 | 3 years, 181 days | 1st | Harekrushna Mahatab | Indian National Congress | |
| 5 April 1957 | 30 April 1960 | 2nd | Sri Prakasa | |||||||
Chief ministers of Maharashtra
edit
|
| Chief ministers of Maharashtra[e] (1960–present)
(Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960)[17] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Term of office | Assembly | Party
(Alliance)[18] | |||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | |||||||
| 1 | |
Yashwantrao Chavan | Karad North | 1 May 1960 | 20 November 1962 | 2 years, 203 days | 1st | Indian National Congress | |
| 2 | Marotrao Kannamwar | Saoli | 20 November 1962 | 24 November 1963 † | 1 year, 4 days | 2nd | |||
| 3 | P. K. Sawant | Chiplun | 25 November 1963 | 5 December 1963 | 10 days | ||||
| 4 | 
|
Vasantrao Naik | Pusad | 5 December 1963 | 1 March 1967 | 11 years, 78 days | |||
| 1 March 1967 | 13 March 1972 | 3rd | |||||||
| 13 March 1972 | 21 February 1975 | 4th | |||||||
| 5 | 
|
Shankarrao Chavan | Bhokar | 21 February 1975 | 17 May 1977 | 2 years, 85 days | |||
| 6 | 
|
Vasantdada Patil | MLC | 17 May 1977 | 5 March 1978 | 1 year, 62 days | |||
| Sangli | 5 March 1978 | 18 July 1978 | 5th | Indian National Congress (U)
(Congress - Congress (I)) |
|||||
| 7 | 
|
Sharad Pawar | Baramati | 18 July 1978 | 17 February 1980 | 1 year, 214 days | Indian Congress (Socialist) | ||
| – |
|
Vacant[f] | N/A | 17 February 1980 | 8 June 1980 | 112 days | Dissolved[20] | N/A | |
| 8 | 
|
A. R. Antulay | Shrivardhan | 9 June 1980 | 21 January 1982 | 1 year, 226 days | 6th | Indian National Congress | |
| 9 | 
|
Babasaheb Bhosale | Nehrunagar | 21 January 1982 | 2 February 1983 | 1 year, 12 days | |||
| (6) |
|
Vasantdada Patil | Sangli | 2 February 1983 | 3 June 1985 | 2 years, 121 days | |||
| 10 | Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar | Nilanga | 3 June 1985 | 12 March 1986 | 282 days | 7th | |||
| (5) |
|
Shankarrao Chavan | MLC | 12 March 1986 | 26 June 1988 | 2 years, 106 days | |||
| (7) |
|
Sharad Pawar | Baramati | 26 June 1988 | 4 March 1990 | 2 years, 364 days | |||
| 4 March 1990 | 25 June 1991 | 8th | |||||||
| 11 | Sudhakarrao Naik | Pusad | 25 June 1991 | 6 March 1993 | 1 year, 254 days | ||||
| (7) |
|
Sharad Pawar | Baramati | 6 March 1993[§] | 14 March 1995 | 2 years, 8 days | |||
| 12 | 
|
Manohar Joshi | Dadar | 14 March 1995 | 1 February 1999 | 3 years, 324 days | 9th | Shiv Sena
(NDA) |
|
| 13 | 
|
Narayan Rane | Malvan | 1 February 1999 | 18 October 1999 | 259 days | |||
| 14 |  |
Vilasrao Deshmukh | Latur City | 18 October 1999 | 18 January 2003 | 3 years, 92 days | 10th | Indian National Congress
(MA) |
|
| 15 |  |
Sushilkumar Shinde | Solapur South | 18 January 2003 | 1 November 2004 | 1 year, 288 days | |||
| (14) | |
Vilasrao Deshmukh | Latur City | 1 November 2004[§] | 8 December 2008 | 4 years, 37 days | 11th | ||
| 16 |  |
Ashok Chavan | Bhokar | 8 December 2008 | 7 November 2009 | 1 year, 338 days | |||
| 7 November 2009 | 11 November 2010 | 12th | |||||||
| 17 |  |
Prithviraj Chavan | MLC | 11 November 2010 | 28 September 2014 | 3 years, 321 days | |||
| – |
|
Vacant[f] | N/A | 28 September 2014 | 30 October 2014 | 32 days | Dissolved | N/A | |
| 18 |
|
Devendra Fadnavis | Nagpur South West | 31 October 2014 | 12 November 2019 | 5 years, 12 days | 13th | Bharatiya Janata Party
(MY) |
|
| - |
|
Vacant[f] | 12 November 2019 | 23 November 2019 | 11 days | 14th | N/A | ||
| (18) |
|
Devendra Fadnavis | Nagpur South West | 23 November 2019 | 28 November 2019 | 5 days[g] | Bharatiya Janata Party | ||
| 19 | 
|
Uddhav Thackeray | MLC | 28 November 2019 | 30 June 2022 | 2 years, 214 days | Shiv Sena
(MVA) |
||
| 20 | 
|
Eknath Shinde | Kopri-Pachpakhadi | 30 June 2022 | 5 December 2024 | 2 years, 158 days | Shiv Sena
(MY) |
||
| (18) |
|
Devendra Fadnavis | Nagpur South West | 5 December 2024 | Incumbent | 18 days | 15th | Bharatiya Janata Party
(MY) |
|
Statistics
editFraction of time of holding CMO by party (as of December 2024)
Indian National Congress (73.00%)
Shiv Sena (14.81%)
Bharatiya Janata Party (7.88%)
Indian Congress (Socialist) (2.48%)
Indian National Congress (U) (1.83%)
| # | Chief Minister | Party | Term of office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longest continuous term | Total duration of chief ministership | ||||
| 1 | Vasantrao Naik | INC | 11 years, 78 days | 11 years, 78 days | |
| 2 | Vilasrao Deshmukh | INC | 4 years, 37 days | 7 years, 129 days | |
| 3 | Sharad Pawar | INC/IC(S) | 2 years, 364 days | 6 years, 221 days | |
| 4 | Devendra Fadnavis | BJP | 5 years, 12 days | 5 years, 35 days | |
| 5 | Shankarrao Chavan | INC | 2 years, 106 days | 4 years, 191 days | |
| 6 | Manohar Joshi | SS | 3 years, 324 days | 3 years, 324 days | |
| 7 | Prithviraj Chavan | INC | 3 years, 321 days | 3 years, 321 days | |
| 8 | Vasantdada Patil | INC(U)/INC | 2 years, 121 days | 3 years, 183 days | |
| 9 | Uddhav Thackeray | SS | 2 years, 214 days | 2 years, 214 days | |
| 10 | Yashwantrao Chavan | INC | 2 years, 203 days | 2 years, 203 days | |
| 11 | Eknath Shinde | SS/BSS | 2 years, 158 days | 2 years, 158 days | |
| 12 | Ashok Chavan | INC | 1 year, 338 days | 1 year, 338 days | |
| 13 | Sushilkumar Shinde | INC | 1 year, 288 days | 1 year, 288 days | |
| 14 | Sudhakarrao Naik | INC | 1 year, 254 days | 1 year, 254 days | |
| 15 | A. R. Antulay | INC | 1 year, 226 days | 1 year, 226 days | |
| 16 | Babasaheb Bhosale | INC | 1 year, 12 days | 1 year, 12 days | |
| 17 | Marotrao Kannamwar | INC | 1 year, 4 days | 1 year, 4 days | |
| 18 | Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar | INC | 0 year, 282 days | 0 year, 282 days | |
| 19 | Narayan Rane | SS | 0 year, 259 days | 0 year, 259 days | |
| 20 | P. K. Sawant | INC | 0 year, 10 days | 0 year, 10 days | |
Timeline
edit
See also
edit- List of governors of Maharashtra
- List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra
- List of chairmen of the Maharashtra Legislative Council
- List of speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
- List of deputy speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
- List of leaders of the house in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
- List of leaders of the house in the Maharashtra Legislative Council
- List of leaders of the opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
- List of leaders of the opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Council
Notes
edit- ^ After India's Independence, Bombay State was created and its territory underwent constant change in the following years. It comprised Bombay Presidency (roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of Maharashtra, excluding South Maharashtra and Vidarbha), the princely states of the Baroda, Western India and Gujarat (the present-day Indian state of Gujarat) and Deccan States (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka).[12]
- ^ A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.
- ^ A parenthetical number indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.
- ^ States Reorganisation Act, 1956: Bombay State was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh and Marathwada region of Hyderabad State. The southernmost districts of the Bombay Presidency were transferred to Mysore State.[16]
- ^ Bombay state was dissolved to form the present-day states of Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960, which was enacted by the Parliament of India on 25 April 1960 and came into effect on 1 May 1960.[3]
- ^ a b c Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, in the event that a state government is unable to function according to constitutional provisions, the Central government can take direct control of the state machinery through the Governor. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.[19]
- ^ Fadnavis sworn in as CM on 23 November 2019 at 8:00 am and resigned on 26 November 2019 at 4:00 pm making him the CM with shortest tenure ever in the history of India.[21][22] Before him, Jagdambika Pal had the shortest tenure as chief minister. He was the CM of Uttar Pradesh for 44 hours from 21 to 23 February 1998 and both Fadnavis and Pal were from BJP.[23] P. K. Sawant from INC was the CM with shortest term before Fadnavis for Maharastra; became CM on 25 November 1963 and his tenure ended on 4 December 1963.[24]
References
edit- ^ a b Durga Das Basu. Introduction to the Constitution of India. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. ISBN 978-81-8038-559-9. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Maharashtra as well.
- ^ "Chavan elected to Legislative Council". @businessline. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ a b "The Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960" (PDF). India Code - Digital Repository of Legislation. 25 April 1960. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2018.
- ^ "Before Jayalalithaa, 16 chief ministers who died in office". The Indian Express. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "Jayalalithaa is dead: Here are other chief ministers who died while still in office - Firstpost". firstpost.com. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "Down but not out". The Telegraph India. 10 July 2011. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
- ^ Palshikar, Suhas; Birmal, Nitin; Ghotale, Vivek (2010). "Coalitions in Maharashtra Political fragmentation or Social Reconfiguration?" (PDF). Savitribai Phule Pune University.
- ^ "Indira Gandhi installed as president of break-away faction of Congress Party". India Today. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ "Use of President's Rule peaked on February 17, 1980: Some facts". India Today. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
- ^ "President's rule: 'Unprecedented but logical'". @businessline. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
- ^ "Devendra Fadnavis takes oath as Maha CM, Shinde & Ajit his deputies". The Times of India. 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
- ^ Desai, S. H. (1972). A critical study of the development of secondary education for girls in Gujarat its history and present day problems (PhD Thesis). Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda: Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET. pp. 411–420. hdl:10603/57937.
- ^ a b Bombay 1937-1938: A Review of the Administration of the Bombay Presidency. Mumbai: Government Central Press, Bombay. 1939. pp. 160–161.
- ^ "Chief Ministers (1937 to 2019)" (PDF). Maharashtra Legislature (in Marathi). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "Forgotten fact: Most Mumbaiites are breaking the law when they grab a drink". 17 May 2015.
- ^ "The States Reorganisation Act, 1956" (PDF). India Code - Digital Repository of Legislations. 31 August 1956. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2018.
- ^ "Explained: How Gujarat, Maharashtra came into being". The Indian Express. 1 May 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ Palshikar, Suhas; Birmal, Nitin; Ghotale, Vivek (2010). "Coalitions in Maharashtra Political fragmentation or Social Reconfiguration?" (PDF). Savitribai Phule Pune University.
- ^ Amberish K. Diwanji. "A dummy's guide to President's rule". Rediff.com. 15 March 2005. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "Information sought under RTI Act, 2005" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (Government of India). 27 June 2014. p. 7 of 14. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ "Why Was Devendra Fadnavis Maharashtra CM For Just 80 Hours? BJP MP Answers". HuffPost. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "After 80 hours as Maharashtra CM, Fadnavis submits resignation to governor". Live Mint. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "Only 80 hrs: Devendra Fadnavis becomes Maharashtra CM with shortest tenure ever". India Today. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "Maharashtra: Only 80 hours – Fadnavis now CM for shortest tenure in state history". The Indian Express. 27 November 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
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