ایل

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐰠 (é̄l), Azerbaijani el, Bashkir ил (il), Chuvash ял (jal), Kazakh ел (el), Kyrgyz эл (el), Tatar ил (il), Turkmen īl, Uyghur ئەل (el) and Uzbek el.

Noun

ایل • (il)

1. (originally) any other person that one's self, others, other people
2. any person or persons other than one's own household, tribe, or nation, strangers
3. tribe, people, or nation; especially a subdivision of a large tribe called ulus
4. the country of any particular tribe, or ruled over by any particular man or dynasty

   Synonyms: اولكا (ülke), دولت (devlet)

Coordinate terms

• اوروق (uruk, “clan, subdivision of a tribe”)
• اولوس (ulus, “a large tribe”)
• اویماق (oymak, “sept of a tribe”)
• بوی (boy, “tribe, clan”)

Derived terms

• ایلچی (elçi, ilçi)
• تونج ایلی (tunc eli, “Tunceli, a city and province of Turkey”)
• روم‌ایلی (rumeli)
• قارلی ایلی (karlı eli, “Aetolia-Acarnania”)
• قرقلر ایلی (kırklar eli, “Kırklareli, a city and province of Turkey”)
• قوجه ایلی (koca eli, “Kocaeli, a province of Turkey”)

Descendants

• Gagauz: iel
• Turkish: il, el
• → Armenian: էլ (ēl)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “il1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2132
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ایل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 223
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Regio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[2], Vienna, column 1452
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ایل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 604
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “il”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ایل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 302

Persian

Etymology 1

From a Turkic language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ēl.

Noun

ایل • (il) (plural ایلات (ilât) or ایل‌ها (il-hâ))

1. clan
2. tribe

Derived terms

• ایلی

Etymology 2

From either Azerbaijani il (“year”) or Ottoman Turkish ییل (yıl, “year”).

Noun

ایل • (il)

1. year (used only in Turkic year names)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic أُيَّل (ʔuyyal).

Noun

ایل • (oyyal)

1. (Classical Persian) deer, stag