Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brukiz

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brūkiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbru.kiz/

Etymology 1

A secondary formation to the more primary *brēkiz, probably under influence of the noun. Derived from *brekaną (“to break”).

Adjective

*brukiz

1. breakable, fragile, frail

Inflection

Declension of *brukiz (i-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*brukiz	*brukjai	*brukī	*brukjôz	*brukį, *-jatō	*brukjō
accusative	*brukjanǭ	*brukjanz	*brukjǭ	*brukjōz	*brukį, *-jatō	*brukjō
genitive	*brukjas, *brukis	*brukjaizǫ̂	*brukjaizōz	*brukjaizǫ̂	*brukjas, *brukis	*brukjaizǫ̂
dative	*brukjammai	*brukjaimaz	*brukjaizōi	*brukjaimaz	*brukjammai	*brukjaimaz
instrumental	*brukjanō	*brukjaimiz	*brukjaizō	*brukjaimiz	*brukjanō	*brukjaimiz
weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*brukjô	*brukjaniz	*brukjǭ	*brukjōniz	*brukjô	*brukjōnō
accusative	*brukjanų	*brukjanunz	*brukjōnų	*brukjōnunz	*brukjô	*brukjōnō
genitive	*brukiniz	*brukjanǫ̂	*brukjōniz	*brukjōnǫ̂	*brukiniz	*brukjanǫ̂
dative	*brukini	*brukjammaz	*brukjōni	*brukjōmaz	*brukini	*brukjammaz
instrumental	*brukinē	*brukjammiz	*brukjōnē	*brukjōmiz	*brukinē	*brukjammiz

Descendants

• Old English: bryċe
  • Middle English: briche

Etymology 2

Derived from *brekaną (“to break”).

Noun

*brukiz m

1. breach, fissure, breaking

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *brukiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*brukiz	*brukīz
vocative	*bruki	*brukīz
accusative	*brukį	*brukinz
genitive	*brukīz	*brukjǫ̂
dative	*brukī	*brukimaz
instrumental	*brukī	*brukimiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bruki
  • Old English: bryċe, briċe
    • Middle English: breche
      • English: breach
      • Scots: breach, breiche, bretch, breack
  • Old Frisian: breke, bretse, breze
    • Saterland Frisian: Breek
  • Old Saxon: bruki
    • Middle Low German: bröke, broke
      • German Low German: Bröök, Brook
        • → Swedish: bråk
        • → Danish: brøk
  • Old Dutch: *bruki
    • Middle Dutch: brueke, brōke
      • Dutch: breuk
        • Afrikaans: breuk
        • Negerhollands: breek
        • → Indonesian: patahan (“fault”) (semantic loan)
        • → Indonesian: pecahan (“fraction”) (semantic loan)
        • → Papiamentu: breuk
  • Old High German: bruh
    • Middle High German: bruch
      • German: Bruch
        • → Saterland Frisian: Bruch
      • Hunsrik: Bruch
      • Luxembourgish: Broch
      • Vilamovian: brüch
      • Yiddish: בראָך (brokh)