Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/falwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (“pale, gray”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelH-. Cognate with Latin pullus (“dark, dusky”), Ancient Greek πολιός (poliós, “gray”) and πελιός (peliós, “dark, dull”), and Proto-Balto-Slavic *palwas (“pale (yellow)”) (e.g. Lithuanian pal̃vas (“pale, straw-colored”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸɑl.wɑz/

Adjective

*falwaz

1. pale, gray, fallow

Inflection

Declension of *falwaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*falwaz	*falwai	*falwō	*falwôz	*falwą, -atō	*falwō
Accusative	*falwanǭ	*falwanz	*falwǭ	*falwōz	*falwą, -atō	*falwō
Genitive	*falwas, -is	*falwaizǫ̂	*falwaizōz	*falwaizǫ̂	*falwas, -is	*falwaizǫ̂
Dative	*falwammai	*falwaimaz	*falwaizōi	*falwaimaz	*falwammai	*falwaimaz
Instrumental	*falwanō	*falwaimiz	*falwaizō	*falwaimiz	*falwanō	*falwaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*falwô	*falwaniz	*falwǭ	*falwōniz	*falwô	*falwōnō
Accusative	*falwanų	*falwanunz	*falwōnų	*falwōnunz	*falwô	*falwōnō
Genitive	*falwiniz	*falwanǫ̂	*falwōniz	*falwōnǫ̂	*falwiniz	*falwanǫ̂
Dative	*falwini	*falwammaz	*falwōni	*falwōmaz	*falwini	*falwammaz
Instrumental	*falwinē	*falwammiz	*falwōnē	*falwōmiz	*falwinē	*falwammiz

Descendants

• Old English: fealu
  • Middle English: falwe, falewe, falow
    • English: fallow
    • Scots: fallow, fallaw, fellow, follow
• Old Frisian: *falo, *falu
  • Saterland Frisian: foal
  • West Frisian: feal
• Old Saxon: falu
  • Middle Low German: fāle, vāle, fāl, vāl
    • German Low German: fahl
  • ⇒ Middle Low German: falwisch
• Frankish: *falu (stem: *falwa-)
  • Old Dutch: *falo
    • Middle Dutch: vāle, vālu
      • Dutch: vaal
  • → Medieval Latin: falvus (see there for further descendants)
• Old High German: falo
  • Middle High German: val (stem: valw-)
    • German: fahl, falb
• Old Norse: fǫlr (stem fǫlv-)
  • Icelandic: fölur
  • Faroese: følin
  • Old Swedish:
    • Swedish: fal
  • ⇒ Swedish: falna (“to become pale”, verb)
  • ⇒ Danish: falme (verb)
  • ⇒ Norwegian: folne, falne, falme (verbs)
• ⇒ Suevic: *falwisca
  • → Galician: faísca (“spark; dandruff”)

See also

Colors in Proto-Germanic · *farwôz (layout · text)

*blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz	*falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz	*blakaz, *swartaz
*raudaz	*brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz	*gelwaz, *gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	*blēwaz, *hēwijaz
*blēwaz, *hēwijaz	*baswaz

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 126