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Revision as of 05:03, 4 January 2012
| Ministère de la Défense nationale | |
 Emblem of the Canadian Forces | |
 Emblem of the Department of National Defence | |
| Department overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1923 formed by the National Defence Act |
| Preceding Department | |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Canada |
| Headquarters | Major-General George R. Pearkes Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Employees | 120,000 (2009)
|
| Annual budget | US$20.164 billions (2010)[2] |
| Department executives | |
| Website | www |
The Department of National Defence (French: Ministère de la Défense nationale), commonly referred to as the DND, and has been referred to within the Government of Canada as National Defence and the Canadian Forces, is a Canadian government department charged with the protection of Canada's national security, Canadian interests within the nation and abroad and the oversight of military and civilian elements. The Canadian Forces, the military element of the DND, is comprised three branches, the Royal Canadian Navy, the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Canadian Army.
The DND administers a number of agencies made up of both military and civilian staff. These agencies include the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), the Intelligence Branch (Int Branch), the Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Canadian Forces Military Police (CFMP) and its investigational arm, the Canadian Forces National Investigation Service, the Military Police Complaints Commission, the Canadian Forces Housing Agency, the Judge Advocate General, the Canadian Forces Personnel Support Agency and the National Search and Rescue Secretariat, all of which report directly to the Minister of National Defence. The DND is the largest executive department within the cabinet of Canada both by staff and expenditure.
History
The Department of National Defence got its roots when the National Defence Act, which merged the Department of Militia and Defence, which was created in 1906 when the British Army withdrew it forces stationed in Canada, the Department of Naval Services, the department responsible for the administration of the Royal Canadian Navy and the Air Board, the branch of the Canadian government overseeing aviation in Canada, was passed by the Parliament of Canada on June 28, 1922.[3] The Act also outlined the duties of the Minister, Deputy Minister and top executives of the department.[4]
In 1968, the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act was passed within the Canadian parliament. This act merged the three warfare branches of the Canadian government, the Royal Canadian Air Force, the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army, into on single-service force, named the Canadian Forces. The Navy was renamed the Canadian Forces Maritime Command, the Army was renamed the Canadian Forces Land Force Command and the Air Force renamed the Canadian Forces Air Command.[5] These actions were taken for a number of reason, namely to reduce operating costs, streamline organization and remove restraints on money for use on research and development of equipment.[5] On 16 August 2011, the Forces Maritime and Air commands were renamed to the Royal Canadian Navy and Air Force and the Land Force Command renamed to the Canadian Army.[6] This action was met with disapproval from Canadians saying that the Canadian ties with the British should be cut.[6]
Organization
Under the provisions of the constitution of Canada, The Monarch of United Kingdom, currently Queen Elizabeth II, is the commander in chief of the Canadian armed forces.[7] The Queen is represented in Canada by the Governor General,[8] currently David Lloyd Johnston,[9] thus taking on the privileges, responsibilities and awards of the monarch. The second in command to the Governor-General is the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of the Canadian Forces. The CDS is responsible for the control, administration and day-to-day management of the Canadian Forces. He is also responsible for the carrying-out of the orders given by the Governor-General and the Minister of National Defence.[4] The current CDS is General Walter Natynczyk.[10] The Governor-General in Council appoints the Minister of National Defence, currently the Honorable Peter MacKay, to control and administrate the affairs of the Department of National Defence. According to Article I, Section 2, subsections (a) and (b) states:[4]
(a) the construction and maintenance of all defence establishments and works for the defence of Canada (b) research relating to the defence of Canada and to the development of and improvements in materiel.
The Department of National Defence's coordination is left to two main bodies within the DND. These are the Office of the Minister of National Defence and the Armed Forces Council. The Minister of National Defence's Office is headed by the Minister of National Defence and the Armed Forces Council is headed by the CDS.
Armed Forces Council
Formal coordination of the Canadian Forces is delegated to the Armed Forces Council of Canada. This council consists of several high ranking members of the Canadian Forces which include the Chief of Defence Staff (who also chairs the Council), The Vice Chief of Defence Staff, the institutional heads of each of the Forces' branches and several other senior defence officials. The following are the members of the Council:[11] Template:Multicol
- General Walter Natynczyk, CA — Chief of the Defence Staff
- Vice-Admiral Bruce Donaldson, RCN — Vice Chief of the Defence Staff
- Vice-Admiral Paul Maddison, RCN — Chief of the Maritime Staff
- Lieutenant-General Peter Devlin, CA — Chief of the Land Staff
- Lieutenant-General Joseph Paul André Deschamps, RCAF — Chief of the Air Staff
- Rear-Admiral A.M. Smith, RCN — Chief of Military Personnel
- Rear-Admiral Jennifer Bennett, RCN — Chief of Reserves and Cadets
- Brigadier-General Blaise Cathcart, CA — Judge Advocate General
- Major General J. M. C. Rousseau, CA — Chief of Defence Intelligence
- Chief Petty Officer 1st Class Robert Cléroux, CA — Canadian Forces Chief Warrant Officer
Military branches
The Military element of the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Forces, consists of three environment commands: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Canadian Army. These three environmental command conduct operation within Canada and aboard. Each of the commands have a Service Chief; ie. the chiefs of the Maritime, Air and Land staff, all of which report directly to the CDS.[12] The Canadian Forces also administers a number of other commands, known as operational commands, such as Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command, the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command.[12]
In 2009, the Canadian Forces employed about 91,000 personnel (65,000 active duty, 26,000 reserve force).[1]
See also
- Canadian Forces
- Defence Diplomacy
- Headquarters of the DND (NDHQ)
- Defence Research and Development Canada
- Union of National Defence Employees
References
- ^ a b "National Defence". Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
- ^ "Expenditure of the Military of Canada". SIPRI Military expenditure database. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved 21 January 2001.
- ^ Gough, Barry (2010). Historical Dictionary of Canada. Scarecrow Press. p. xxxvii. ISBN 0810854961.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); More than one of|pages=and|page=specified (help) - ^ a b c "National Defence Act, RSC 1985, c N-5". National Defence Act. Canada Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ^ a b Kearney, Mark, Ray, Randy (1999). The Great Canadian Book of Lists. Canada: Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 123. ISBN 0888822138.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); More than one of|pages=and|page=specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Canadian armed forces to be 'royal' once again". BBC News. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ^ "The Constitution Act, 1867". The Solon Law Archive. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ "Commander-in-Chief of Canada". Government of Canada. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ "Governor General praises military's role in Resolute crash". CBC News. Dec 8, 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ Woods, Allan (20 September 2011). "PMO to review government jet travel by chief of defence staff". Toronto Star. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ^ "2010 Promotions And Appointments For Canadian Forces". Government of Canada. The GovMonitor. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
- ^ a b Bland, Douglas (1997). Canada's National Defence: Defence Organization. Kingston, Ontario: School of Policy Studies, Queen's University. p. 509.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help)
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