3-Way: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Block cipher}} |
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{{Otheruses}} |
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{{Other uses}} |
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{{Infobox block cipher |
{{Infobox block cipher |
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| key size = 96 bits |
| key size = 96 bits |
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| block size = 96 bits |
| block size = 96 bits |
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| structure = [[ |
| structure = [[Substitution–permutation network]] |
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| rounds = 11 |
| rounds = 11 |
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| cryptanalysis = [[related-key attack]] |
| cryptanalysis = [[related-key attack]] |
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}} |
}} |
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In [[cryptography]], '''3-Way''' is a [[block cipher]] designed in |
In [[cryptography]], '''3-Way''' is a [[block cipher]] designed in 1994 by [[Joan Daemen]]. It is closely related to [[BaseKing]]; the two are variants of the same general cipher technique. |
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3-Way has a [[block size (cryptography)|block size]] of 96 [[bit]]s, notably not a [[power of two]] such as the more common 64 or 128 bits. The [[key length]] is also 96 bits. The figure 96 arises from the use of three 32 bit [[word]]s in the algorithm, from which also is derived the [[cipher]]'s name. When 3-Way was invented, 96-bit keys and blocks were quite strong, but more recent ciphers have a 128-bit block, and few now have keys shorter than 128 bits. 3-Way is an 11-round [[ |
3-Way has a [[block size (cryptography)|block size]] of 96 [[bit]]s, notably not a [[power of two]] such as the more common 64 or 128 bits. The [[key length]] is also 96 bits. The figure 96 arises from the use of three 32 bit [[word (computer architecture)|word]]s in the algorithm, from which also is derived the [[cipher]]'s name. When 3-Way was invented, 96-bit keys and blocks were quite strong, but more recent ciphers have a 128-bit block, and few now have keys shorter than 128 bits. 3-Way is an 11-round [[substitution–permutation network]]. |
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3-Way is designed to be very efficient in a wide range of platforms from 8-bit processors to |
3-Way is designed to be very efficient in a wide range of platforms from 8-bit processors to specialized [[Computer hardware|hardware]], and has some elegant mathematical features which enable nearly all the decryption to be done in exactly the same circuits as did the encryption. |
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3-Way is vulnerable to [[Related-key attack|related key]] [[cryptanalysis]] |
3-Way, just as its counterpart BaseKing, is vulnerable to [[Related-key attack|related key]] [[cryptanalysis]]. [[John Kelsey (cryptanalyst)|John Kelsey]], [[Bruce Schneier]], and [[David A. Wagner|David Wagner]] showed how it can be broken with one related key query and about <math>2^{22}</math> [[chosen-plaintext attack|chosen plaintexts]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* {{ cite conference |
* {{ cite conference |
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| author = [[Joan Daemen|J. Daemen]] |
| author = [[Joan Daemen|J. Daemen]] |author2=R. Govaerts |author3=Joos Vandewalle |
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| url = http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/73063.html <!-- A different version, but the same paper. --> |
| url = http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/73063.html <!-- A different version, but the same paper. --> |
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| title = A New Approach to Block Cipher Design |
| title = A New Approach to Block Cipher Design |
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| book-title = Fast Software Encryption (FSE) 1993 |
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| pages = 18–32 |
| pages = 18–32 |
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| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]] |
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]] |
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| date = 1993 }} |
| date = 1993 }} |
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* {{ cite conference |
* {{ cite conference |
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|author1=J. Kelsey |author2=B. Schneier |author3=D. Wagner | title = Related-Key Cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA |
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| title = Related-Key Cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA |
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| pages = 233–246 |
| pages = 233–246 |
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| publisher = Springer-Verlag |
| publisher = Springer-Verlag |
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| url = http://www.schneier.com/paper-relatedkey.html |
| url = http://www.schneier.com/paper-relatedkey.html |
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| format = [[PDF]]/[[PostScript]] |
| format = [[PDF]]/[[PostScript]] |
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| access-date = 2007-02-14 }} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/hopwood/crypto/scan/cs.html#3-Way SCAN's entry for 3-Way] |
* [http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/hopwood/crypto/scan/cs.html#3-Way SCAN's entry for 3-Way] |
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* [http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/~cosicart/ps/JD-9500/ Chapter 7 of Daemen's thesis] ([[gzip]]ped Postscript) |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040405093107/http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/~cosicart/ps/JD-9500/ Chapter 7 of Daemen's thesis] ([[gzip]]ped Postscript) |
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<!-- * [http://home.ecn.ab.ca/~jsavard/crypto/co040307.htm John Savard's description of 3-Way] --> |
<!-- * [http://home.ecn.ab.ca/~jsavard/crypto/co040307.htm John Savard's description of 3-Way] --> |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Broken block ciphers]] |
[[Category:Broken block ciphers]] |
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[[fr:3-Way]] |
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[[it:3-Way]] |
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[[ru:3-WAY]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:12, 27 April 2022
| General | |
|---|---|
| Designers | Joan Daemen |
| First published | 1994 |
| Successors | NOEKEON |
| Related to | BaseKing |
| Cipher detail | |
| Key sizes | 96 bits |
| Block sizes | 96 bits |
| Structure | Substitution–permutation network |
| Rounds | 11 |
| Best public cryptanalysis | |
| related-key attack | |
In cryptography, 3-Way is a block cipher designed in 1994 by Joan Daemen. It is closely related to BaseKing; the two are variants of the same general cipher technique.
3-Way has a block size of 96 bits, notably not a power of two such as the more common 64 or 128 bits. The key length is also 96 bits. The figure 96 arises from the use of three 32 bit words in the algorithm, from which also is derived the cipher's name. When 3-Way was invented, 96-bit keys and blocks were quite strong, but more recent ciphers have a 128-bit block, and few now have keys shorter than 128 bits. 3-Way is an 11-round substitution–permutation network.
3-Way is designed to be very efficient in a wide range of platforms from 8-bit processors to specialized hardware, and has some elegant mathematical features which enable nearly all the decryption to be done in exactly the same circuits as did the encryption.
3-Way, just as its counterpart BaseKing, is vulnerable to related key cryptanalysis. John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and David Wagner showed how it can be broken with one related key query and about chosen plaintexts.
References
[edit]- J. Daemen; R. Govaerts; Joos Vandewalle (1993). "A New Approach to Block Cipher Design". Fast Software Encryption (FSE) 1993. Springer-Verlag. pp. 18–32.
- J. Kelsey; B. Schneier; D. Wagner (November 1997). "Related-Key Cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA" (PDF/PostScript). ICICS '97 Proceedings. Springer-Verlag. pp. 233–246. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
External links
[edit]- SCAN's entry for 3-Way
- Chapter 7 of Daemen's thesis (gzipped Postscript)
