Jump to content

Cooper City, Florida: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 26°2′41″N 80°17′22″W / 26.04472°N 80.28944°W / 26.04472; -80.28944
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m →Private schools: minor fixes
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(24 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
<!-- Infobox begins -->
<!-- Infobox begins -->
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Cooper City, Florida
| official_name = City of Cooper City
| name = Cooper City, Florida
| settlement_type = [[City (Florida)|City]]
| settlement_type = [[City (Florida)|City]]
| nickname =
| nickname =
| motto = Someplace Special
| motto = "Someplace Special"
| image_skyline = Coopercity cityhall.jpg
| image_skyline = Coopercity cityhall.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| image_caption = City hall
| image_caption = Cooper City's City Hall
| image_flag =
| image_flag = Flag of Cooper City, Florida.svg
| flag_size =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| image_seal =
Line 27: Line 29:
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Florida}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Florida}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Florida|County]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Florida|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[File:Logo of Broward County, Florida.svg|24px]] [[Broward County, Florida|Broward]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Broward County, Florida|Broward]]
| government_type = [[Council-Manager government|Commission-Manager]]
| government_type = [[Council-Manager government|Commission-Manager]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_title = [[mayor (United States)|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Greg Ross
| leader_name = Greg Ross
| leader_title1 = [[City Council|Commissioners]]
| leader_title1 = [[City Council|Commissioners]]
| leader_name1 = Howard Meltzer, Jeff Green, Massimo "Max" Pulcini, and Ryan Shrouder
| leader_name1 = Lisa Mallozzi, Jeff Green,<br>Jeremy Katzman, and<br>Ryan C. Shrouder
| leader_title2 = [[City Manager]]
| leader_title2 = [[City Manager]]
| leader_name2 = Joseph Napoli
| leader_name2 = Alejandro “Alex” Rey
| leader_title3 = [[City Clerk]]
| leader_title3 = [[City Clerk]]
| leader_name3 =
| leader_name3 = Tedra Allen
| established_date =
| established_date =
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
Line 83: Line 85:
}}
}}
<!-- Infobox ends -->
<!-- Infobox ends -->
'''Cooper City''' is a city in [[Broward County, Florida]], United States. The city is named for Morris Cooper, who founded the community in 1959. It's part of the [[Miami metropolitan area]] of [[South Florida]]. The city's population was 34,401 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 census data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/all?q=Cooper%20City|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-11|website=[[US Census Bureau]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111193513/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/all?q=Cooper%20City |archive-date=2022-01-11 }}</ref>
[[File:Sheriffs office cooper city 2017-08-06 (3).jpg|thumb|Sheriff's office]]
'''Cooper City''' is a city in [[Broward County, Florida|Broward County]], [[Florida]], United States. The city is named for Morris Cooper, who founded the community in 1959. The city's population was 34,401 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 census data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/all?q=Cooper%20City|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-11|website=[[US Census Bureau]]}}</ref>


In 2006, Cooper City expanded with the annexation of the [[Waldrep Dairy Farm]].
In 2006, with the annexation of the [[Waldrep Dairy Farm]], Cooper City started construction on the first major new home construction project within the past few decades. It was expected the addition of the {{convert|530|acre|km2|adj=on}} property would add upwards of 4,000 new residents through 2011.


==Geography==
==Geography==
Line 92: Line 93:


According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|21.6|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|20.8|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{Convert|0.8|km2|order=flip}} is water (3.63%).<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web|title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Cooper City city, Florida|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1214125|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212182607/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1214125|archive-date=February 12, 2020|access-date=October 21, 2013|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder}}</ref>
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|21.6|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|20.8|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{Convert|0.8|km2|order=flip}} is water (3.63%).<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web|title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Cooper City city, Florida|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1214125|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212182607/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1214125|archive-date=February 12, 2020|access-date=October 21, 2013|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder}}</ref>

==Climate==
Cooper City has a [[tropical climate]], similar to the climate found in much of the [[Caribbean]]. It is part of the only region in the [[Contiguous United States|48 contiguous states]] that falls under that category. More specifically, it generally has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Af''), bordering a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Köppen climate classification: ''Am'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.johnabbott.qc.ca/webpages/departments/geoscience/intro/Koppen/KoppenMap.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706200651/http://www2.johnabbott.qc.ca/webpages/departments/geoscience/intro/Koppen/KoppenMap.htm|url-status=dead|title=Köppen Climate Classification Map: South Florida=Am/Aw=tropical wet & dry|archive-date=July 6, 2011}}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: right;"
!Historical demographics
!style="width: 5em;"|2020<ref name="PopulationByRace2020">{{cite web |title=P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P2&g=160XX00US1214125&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |website=P2 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=19 March 2023 }}</ref>
!style="width: 5em;"|2010<ref name="PopulationByRace2010">{{cite web |title=P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=P2&g=160XX00US1214125&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |website=P2 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=19 March 2023 }}</ref>
!style="width: 5em;"|2000<ref name="PopulationByRace2000">{{cite web |title=PL002: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=PL002&g=160XX00US1214125&tid=DECENNIALPL2000.PL002 |website=PL002 &#124; HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE [73] |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=19 March 2023 }}</ref>
!style="width: 5em;"|1990<ref name="PopulationByRace1990">{{cite web |title=1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 2 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-11-1.pdf |website=Florida: 1990, Part 1 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=19 March 2023}}</ref>
!style="width: 5em;"|1980<ref name="PopulationByRace1980">{{cite web |title=General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_flABCs1-02.pdf |website=07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Non-Hispanic whites|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|50.5%
|65.1%
|75.7%
|84.7%
|93.5%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|31.8%
|22.8%
|15.6%
|10.7%
|5.1%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[African American|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|5.5%
|4.5%
|3.0%
|1.9%
|0.3%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asian American|Asian]] and [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (non-Hispanic)
|7.5%
|5.5%
|4.1%
|2.6%
|rowspan="3"|1.1%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] (non-Hispanic)
|0.2%
|0.2%
|0.1%
|0.1%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some other race]] (non-Hispanic)
|0.8%
|0.3%
|0.4%
|< 0.1%
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] (non-Hispanic)
|3.8%
|1.5%
|1.1%
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Population
!style="text-align:right"|34,401
!style="text-align:right"|28,547
!style="text-align:right"|27,939
!style="text-align:right"|20,791
!style="text-align:right"|10,140
|}
{{US Census population
{{US Census population
|1960= 550
|1960= 550
Line 104: Line 170:
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="float: center; margin-right: 2em; width: 35%; font-size: 75%;"
===2010 and 2020 census===
!colspan=4|Cooper City Demographics
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Cooper City racial composition'''<br> (Hispanics excluded from racial categories)<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')<br>
!Race
!Pop 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Cooper City city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Cooper+City+city;+Florida+&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Cooper City city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Cooper+City+city;+Florida+&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
![[United States Census, 2010|2010 Census]]||Cooper City||Broward County||Florida
|18,577
|17,364
|65.08%
|50.48%
|-
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|Total population||28,547||1,748,066||18,801,310
|1,290
|1,879
|4.52%
|5.46%
|-
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010||+2.2%||+7.7%||+17.6%
|60
|58
|0.21%
|0.17%
|-
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|Population density||3,551.1/sq&nbsp;mi||1,444.9/sq&nbsp;mi||350.6/sq&nbsp;mi
|1,556
|2,579
|5.45%
|7.50%
|-
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]] (NH)
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White or Caucasian]] (including [[White Hispanic]])||85.1%||63.1%||75.0%
|7
|11
|0.02%
|0.03%
|-
|-
|[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some other race]] (NH)
|([[Non-Hispanic Whites|Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian]])||65.1%||43.5%||57.9%
|96
|269
|0.34%
|0.78%
|-
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races/Multiracial]] (NH)
|[[Black (U.S. Census)|Black or African-American]]||4.9%||26.7%||16.0%
|441
|1,301
|1.54%
|3.78%
|-
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic or Latino (of any race)]]||22.8%||25.1%||22.5%
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|6,520
|10,940
|22.84%
|31.80%
|-
|-
|'''Total'''
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]||5.5%||3.2%||2.4%
|'''28,547'''
|'''34,401'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|-
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] or [[Native Alaskan]]||0.3%||0.3%||0.4%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]]||0.0%||0.1%||0.1%
|-
|[[Multiracial American|Two or more races (Multiracial)]]||2.4%||2.9%||2.5%
|-
|[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some Other Race]]||1.8%||3.7%||3.6%
|}
|}


As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 34,401 people, 11,319 households, and 9,554 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2020: Cooper City city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Cooper+City+city;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1101|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
As of 2010, there were 9,912 households, out of which 2.9% were vacant. In 2000, 51.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 14.2% were non-families. 10.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.30.

As of the [[2010 United States census]], there were 28,547 people, 9,321 households, and 7,689 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2010: Cooper City city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Cooper+City+city;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2010.S1101|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

===2000 census===
In 2000, 51.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 14.2% were non-families. 10.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.30.


In 2000, the city the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.
In 2000, the city the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.
Line 142: Line 249:
As of 2000, [[English language|English]] was spoken as a [[first language]] by 78.55% of the population, while [[Spanish language|Spanish]] was spoken by 15.08%, and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] speakers made up 1.25% of all residents. Other [[mother tongue]]s included languages such as both [[French language|French]] and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] making up 0.75% of residents, as well as [[Italian language|Italian]] being at 0.69%, while [[Chinese language|Chinese]] was at 0.59%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=12&county_id=&mode=place&zip=&place_id=14125&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r |title=MLA Data Center results for Cooper City, FL |publisher=[[Modern Language Association]] |access-date=2007-09-22}}</ref>
As of 2000, [[English language|English]] was spoken as a [[first language]] by 78.55% of the population, while [[Spanish language|Spanish]] was spoken by 15.08%, and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] speakers made up 1.25% of all residents. Other [[mother tongue]]s included languages such as both [[French language|French]] and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] making up 0.75% of residents, as well as [[Italian language|Italian]] being at 0.69%, while [[Chinese language|Chinese]] was at 0.59%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=12&county_id=&mode=place&zip=&place_id=14125&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r |title=MLA Data Center results for Cooper City, FL |publisher=[[Modern Language Association]] |access-date=2007-09-22}}</ref>


As of 2000, Cooper City had the sixty-fifth highest percentage of [[Cuba]]n residents in the US, at 5.29% of the city's population (tied with [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Cuban.html |title=Ancestry Map of Cuban Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |access-date=2007-10-25}}</ref> and it had the ninety-second highest percentage of [[Colombia]]n residents in the US, which made up 1.78% of all residents (tied with [[Pinecrest, Florida|Pinecrest]] and [[South Bound Brook, New Jersey]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Colombian.html |title=Ancestry Map of Colombian Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |access-date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
As of 2000, Cooper City had the sixty-fifth highest percentage of [[Cuban people|Cuban]] residents in the US, at 5.29% of the city's population (tied with [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Cuban.html |title=Ancestry Map of Cuban Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |access-date=2007-10-25 |archive-date=2012-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122040230/http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Cuban.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and it had the ninety-second highest percentage of [[Colombian people|Colombian]] residents in the US, which made up 1.78% of all residents (tied with [[Pinecrest, Florida|Pinecrest]] and [[South Bound Brook, New Jersey]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Colombian.html |title=Ancestry Map of Colombian Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |access-date=2007-10-25 |archive-date=2007-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011163422/http://epodunk.com/ancestry/Colombian.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
[[File:Sheriffs office cooper city 2017-08-06 (3).jpg|thumb|Sheriff's office]]
===Public schools===
===Public schools===
[[Broward County Public Schools]] operates public schools.<ref name=Coopercitymap>{{cite web|url=https://www.coopercityfl.org/vertical/sites/%7B6B555694-E6ED-4811-95F9-68AA3BD0A2FF%7D/uploads/Cooper_City_Election_District_Map_2019.pdf|title=District Map|publisher=Cooper City, Florida|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare this map to attendance boundary maps and/or street addresses of particular schools.</ref>
[[Broward County Public Schools]] operates public schools.<ref name=Coopercitymap>{{cite web|url=https://www.coopercityfl.org/vertical/sites/%7B6B555694-E6ED-4811-95F9-68AA3BD0A2FF%7D/uploads/Cooper_City_Election_District_Map_2019.pdf|title=District Map|publisher=Cooper City, Florida|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare this map to attendance boundary maps and/or street addresses of particular schools.</ref>
Line 152: Line 260:
* '''Embassy Creek Elementary'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/elementary/EmbassyCreekElementary.pdf|title=Embassy Creek Elementary School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the map.</ref> is an [[elementary school]] located in Cooper City that teaches grades [[Kindergarten|K]]–[[Fifth grade|5]]. The school is a member of the [[Broward School District]]. It is an "A" school and is currently ranked number 36 out of about 3000 schools in the state of Florida for 2011. It is named after its nearby developments of Embassy Lakes and Rock Creek.
* '''Embassy Creek Elementary'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/elementary/EmbassyCreekElementary.pdf|title=Embassy Creek Elementary School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the map.</ref> is an [[elementary school]] located in Cooper City that teaches grades [[Kindergarten|K]]–[[Fifth grade|5]]. The school is a member of the [[Broward School District]]. It is an "A" school and is currently ranked number 36 out of about 3000 schools in the state of Florida for 2011. It is named after its nearby developments of Embassy Lakes and Rock Creek.
* '''Griffin Elementary School'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/elementary/GriffinElementary.pdf|title=Griffin Elementary School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the map.</ref> is an elementary school located in Cooper City which teaches grades [[Kindergarten|K]]–[[Fifth grade|5]]. The school has also attained an "A" rating for 2018/2019.
* '''Griffin Elementary School'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/elementary/GriffinElementary.pdf|title=Griffin Elementary School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the map.</ref> is an elementary school located in Cooper City which teaches grades [[Kindergarten|K]]–[[Fifth grade|5]]. The school has also attained an "A" rating for 2018/2019.
* Elementary schools in other municipalities serving sections of Cooper City: Hawkes Bluff in [[Southwest Ranches, Florida|Southwest Ranches]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/elementary/HawkesBluffElementary.pdf|title=Hawkes Bluff Elementary School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the map.</ref>
* Elementary schools in other municipalities serving sections of Cooper City: '''Hawkes Bluff Elementary School''' in [[Davie, Florida|Davie]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/elementary/HawkesBluffElementary.pdf|title=Hawkes Bluff Elementary School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the map.</ref>


;Middle schools
;Middle schools
* '''Pioneer Middle School'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/middle/PioneerMiddle.pdf|title=Pioneer Middle School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the map.</ref> is a [[middle school]] located in Cooper City that teaches grades [[Sixth grade|6]]–[[Eighth grade|8]]. Pioneer Middle School was rated the number 2 middle school in Broward County, and number 55 in the State out of 583 schools in the state of Florida for 2011. The school has maintained an "A" rating since the Florida Department of Education began grading schools in the late 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fldoe.org/accountability/accountability-reporting/school-grades/archives.stml|title = Florida School Grades Archives|date = 16 October 2020}}</ref>
* '''Pioneer Middle School'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/middle/PioneerMiddle.pdf|title=Pioneer Middle School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the map.</ref> is a [[middle school]] located in Cooper City that teaches grades [[Sixth grade|6]]–[[Eighth grade|8]]. Pioneer Middle School was rated the number 2 middle school in Broward County, and number 55 in the State out of 583 schools in the state of Florida for 2011. The school has maintained an "A" rating since the Florida Department of Education began grading schools in the late 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fldoe.org/accountability/accountability-reporting/school-grades/archives.stml|title = Florida School Grades Archives|date = 16 October 2020}}</ref>
* Some of the western part of the city is instead zoned to Silver Trail Middle School in [[Pembroke Pines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/middle/SilverTrailMiddle.pdf|title=Silver Trail Middle School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the Davie zoning map.</ref>
* Some of the western part of the city is instead zoned to '''Silver Trail Middle School''' in [[Pembroke Pines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/middle/SilverTrailMiddle.pdf|title=Silver Trail Middle School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-08}} - Compare with the Davie zoning map.</ref>


;High school
;High school
* '''[[Cooper City High School]]'''<ref name=CooperCityHSMap>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/high/CooperCityHigh.pdf|title=Cooper City High School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-06}} - Compare with the map.</ref> has attained an "A" rating for 2020/2021. It is currently ranked among the top ten percent schools in America. It is the number 46 [[High school (North America)|high school]] in Florida and one of the top schools in Broward County. It serves students from [[Ninth grade|9]]–[[Twelfth grade|12]]. Cooper City High offers more than twenty-two AP classes. The AP participation in Cooper City is 48%, which makes it one of the highest AP participation schools in Broward county.{{fact|date=May 2020}}
* '''[[Cooper City High School]]'''<ref name=CooperCityHSMap>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/high/CooperCityHigh.pdf|title=Cooper City High School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-06}} - Compare with the map.</ref> has attained an "A" rating for 2020/2021. It is currently ranked among the top ten percent schools in America. It is the number 46 [[High school (North America)|high school]] in Florida and one of the top schools in Broward County. It serves students from [[Ninth grade|9]]–[[Twelfth grade|12]]. Cooper City High offers more than twenty-two AP classes. The AP participation in Cooper City is 48%, which makes it one of the highest AP participation schools in Broward county.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
** Some areas are jointly zoned to Cooper City High and [[West Broward High School]].<ref name=CooperCityHSMap/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/high/WestBrowardHigh.pdf|title=West Broward High School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-06}} - Compare with the Davie zoning map.</ref>
* Some areas are jointly zoned to Cooper City High and '''[[West Broward High School]]''' in Pembroke Pines.<ref name=CooperCityHSMap/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.browardschools.com/cms/lib/FL01803656/Centricity/domain/13425/maps/school%20boundary%20maps/2019-20/high/WestBrowardHigh.pdf|title=West Broward High School|publisher=[[Broward County Public Schools]]|access-date=2020-05-06}} - Compare with the Davie zoning map.</ref>


===Private schools===
===Private schools===


* '''Potential Christian Academy''' (formerly Flamingo Road Christian Academy) is the school ministry of Potential Church. Established in 1983 as a preschool program, PCA has grown to include Pre-K to 8th grade. On October 10, 2010 the school changed its name to Potential Christian Academy from Flamingo Road Christian Academy.<ref>http://ilovepca.com/</ref>
* '''Potential Christian Academy''' (formerly Flamingo Road Christian Academy) is the school ministry of Potential Church. Established in 1983 as a preschool program, PCA has grown to include Pre-K–8th grade. On October 10, 2010, the school changed its name to Potential Christian Academy from Flamingo Road Christian Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilovepca.com/|title=Potential Christian Academy - Cooper City, FL|website=www.ilovepca.com}}</ref>
* '''Franklin Academy''' is a public charter school serving students in kindergarten through eighth grade.
* '''Franklin Academy''' is a public charter school serving students in kindergarten through eighth grade.
* '''Nur-ul Islam Academy''' is a private Islamic school located in Cooper City, founded in 1996. It serves students from Pre-K to 12th grade.
* '''Nur-ul Islam Academy''' is a private Islamic school located in Cooper City, founded in 1996. It serves students from Pre-K–12th grade.
* First Baptist Academy is a ministry of First Baptist Church of Southwest Broward and is located in Cooper City. It was started in 2010 and serves grades K4-12th. First Baptist Academy is accredited through Faccs.
* '''First Baptist Academy''' is a ministry of First Baptist Church of Southwest Broward and is located in Cooper City. It was started in 2010, and serves grades K4–12th. First Baptist Academy is accredited through Faccs.


==Sports==
==Sports==
[[File:Sportscomplex cooper city 2017-08-06 (5).jpg|thumb|Cooper City Sports Park]]
[[File:Sportscomplex cooper city 2017-08-06 (5).jpg|thumb|Cooper City Sports Park]]
[[Brian Piccolo Park]] in Cooper City is the location of a cricket grounds, and in 2004 played host to [[first-class cricket]] when the [[United States cricket team]] played [[Canadian cricket team|Canada]] in the [[ICC Intercontinental Cup]]. It also served as the home ground for the [[Florida Thunder]] [[Pro Cricket]] team in 2004. The park is also home to one of the few cycling tracks in South Florida. The park also encompasses a skateboard park. There are three other parks in Cooper City, Bill Lips Park, Cooper City Sports Complex, and Flamingo West Park.
[[Brian Piccolo Park]] in Cooper City is the location of a cricket grounds, and in 2004, played host to [[first-class cricket]] when the [[United States cricket team]] played [[Canadian cricket team|Canada]] in the [[ICC Intercontinental Cup]]. It also served as the home ground for the Florida Thunder [[Pro Cricket]] team in 2004. The park is also home to one of the few cycling tracks in South Florida. The park also encompasses a skateboard park. There are three other parks in Cooper City, Bill Lips Park, Cooper City Sports Complex, and Flamingo West Park.


Cooper City is also the birthplace of [[Troy State]] defensive end Ken Wagner, who was a part of their National Championship team in the late 1980s.
Cooper City is also the birthplace of [[Troy State]] defensive end Ken Wagner, who was a part of their National Championship team in the late 1980s.


Former Miami Dolphins place kicker Olindo Mare graduated from Cooper City High School in 1991.
Former [[Miami Dolphins]] place kicker [[Olindo Mare]] graduated from Cooper City High School in 1991.


==Notable people==
* [[Nick Lucena]], Olympian
* [[Nick Lucena]], retired professional [[beach volleyball]] player
* [[Eric Hosmer]], current first baseman for the San Diego Padres and former first baseman for the Kansas City Royals.
* [[Eric Hosmer]], former [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] [[first baseman]] for the [[Kansas City Royals]], [[San Diego Padres]], [[Boston Red Sox]], and [[Chicago Cubs]]
* [[Skai Moore]], [[American football linebacker]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]]
* [[Skai Moore]], former [[National Football League|NFL]] [[American football linebacker]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]]
* [[Rick Shaw (radio)|Rick Shaw]], radio [[disc jockey]] ([[WQAM]] )<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-reg-rick-shaw-obit-20170922-story.html |title=Legendary South Florida DJ Rick Shaw dies at 78 |newspaper=[[Sun-Sentinel]] |date=September 22, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Rick Shaw (radio)|Rick Shaw]], radio [[disc jockey]] ([[WQAM]] )<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-reg-rick-shaw-obit-20170922-story.html |title=Legendary South Florida DJ Rick Shaw dies at 78 |newspaper=[[Sun-Sentinel]] |date=September 22, 2017}}</ref>


Latest revision as of 23:05, 22 June 2024

Cooper City, Florida
City
City of Cooper City
Cooper City's City Hall
Cooper City's City Hall
Flag of Cooper City, Florida
Flag
Official logo of Cooper City, Florida
Motto: 
"Someplace Special"
Coordinates: 26°2′41″N 80°17′22″W / 26.04472°N 80.28944°W / 26.04472; -80.28944
Country United States of America
State Florida
CountyBroward
IncorporatedJune 20, 1959[1]
Government
 • TypeCommission-Manager
 • MayorGreg Ross
 • CommissionersLisa Mallozzi, Jeff Green,
Jeremy Katzman, and
Ryan C. Shrouder
 • City ManagerAlejandro “Alex” Rey
 • City ClerkTedra Allen
Area
[2]
 • City8.34 sq mi (21.60 km2)
 • Land8.04 sq mi (20.82 km2)
 • Water0.30 sq mi (0.78 km2)  3.63%
Elevation
9 ft (2 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City34,401
 • Density4,279.80/sq mi (1,652.42/km2)
 • Metro
6,166,488
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
33328-33330, 33026
Area code(s)954, 754
FIPS code12-14125[3]
GNIS feature ID0280777[4]
Websitewww.coopercityfl.org

Cooper City is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. The city is named for Morris Cooper, who founded the community in 1959. It's part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The city's population was 34,401 at the 2020 census.[5]

In 2006, Cooper City expanded with the annexation of the Waldrep Dairy Farm.

Geography

[edit]

Cooper City is located at 26°02′41″N 80°17′22″W / 26.044631°N 80.289566°W / 26.044631; -80.289566.[6] The city is bounded by Davie to the north, Pembroke Pines to the south, both Hollywood and Davie to the east, and Southwest Ranches to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.3 square miles (21.6 km2), of which 8.0 square miles (20.8 km2) is land and 0.31 square miles (0.8 km2) is water (3.63%).[7]

Climate

[edit]

Cooper City has a tropical climate, similar to the climate found in much of the Caribbean. It is part of the only region in the 48 contiguous states that falls under that category. More specifically, it generally has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification: Af), bordering a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification: Am).[8]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical demographics 2020[9] 2010[10] 2000[11] 1990[12] 1980[13]
White (non-Hispanic) 50.5% 65.1% 75.7% 84.7% 93.5%
Hispanic or Latino 31.8% 22.8% 15.6% 10.7% 5.1%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 5.5% 4.5% 3.0% 1.9% 0.3%
Asian and Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) 7.5% 5.5% 4.1% 2.6% 1.1%
Native American (non-Hispanic) 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Some other race (non-Hispanic) 0.8% 0.3% 0.4% < 0.1%
Two or more races (non-Hispanic) 3.8% 1.5% 1.1% N/A N/A
Population 34,401 28,547 27,939 20,791 10,140
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1960550—
19702,535360.9%
198010,140300.0%
199020,791105.0%
200027,93934.4%
201028,5472.2%
202034,40120.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[14]

2010 and 2020 census

[edit]
Cooper City racial composition
(Hispanics excluded from racial categories)
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race Pop 2010[15] Pop 2020[16] % 2010 % 2020
White (NH) 18,577 17,364 65.08% 50.48%
Black or African American (NH) 1,290 1,879 4.52% 5.46%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 60 58 0.21% 0.17%
Asian (NH) 1,556 2,579 5.45% 7.50%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian (NH) 7 11 0.02% 0.03%
Some other race (NH) 96 269 0.34% 0.78%
Two or more races/Multiracial (NH) 441 1,301 1.54% 3.78%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 6,520 10,940 22.84% 31.80%
Total 28,547 34,401 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 34,401 people, 11,319 households, and 9,554 families residing in the city.[17]

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 28,547 people, 9,321 households, and 7,689 families residing in the city.[18]

2000 census

[edit]

In 2000, 51.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 14.2% were non-families. 10.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.30.

In 2000, the city the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $75,166, and the median income for a family was $78,172. Males had a median income of $51,931 versus $33,788 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,474. About 2.9% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, English was spoken as a first language by 78.55% of the population, while Spanish was spoken by 15.08%, and Hebrew speakers made up 1.25% of all residents. Other mother tongues included languages such as both French and Malayalam making up 0.75% of residents, as well as Italian being at 0.69%, while Chinese was at 0.59%.[19]

As of 2000, Cooper City had the sixty-fifth highest percentage of Cuban residents in the US, at 5.29% of the city's population (tied with West Palm Beach),[20] and it had the ninety-second highest percentage of Colombian residents in the US, which made up 1.78% of all residents (tied with Pinecrest and South Bound Brook, New Jersey).[21]

Education

[edit]
Sheriff's office

Public schools

[edit]

Broward County Public Schools operates public schools.[22]

Elementary schools
  • Cooper City Elementary[23] has attained an "A" rating for 2018/2019.
  • Embassy Creek Elementary[24] is an elementary school located in Cooper City that teaches grades K–5. The school is a member of the Broward School District. It is an "A" school and is currently ranked number 36 out of about 3000 schools in the state of Florida for 2011. It is named after its nearby developments of Embassy Lakes and Rock Creek.
  • Griffin Elementary School[25] is an elementary school located in Cooper City which teaches grades K–5. The school has also attained an "A" rating for 2018/2019.
  • Elementary schools in other municipalities serving sections of Cooper City: Hawkes Bluff Elementary School in Davie.[26]
Middle schools
  • Pioneer Middle School[27] is a middle school located in Cooper City that teaches grades 6–8. Pioneer Middle School was rated the number 2 middle school in Broward County, and number 55 in the State out of 583 schools in the state of Florida for 2011. The school has maintained an "A" rating since the Florida Department of Education began grading schools in the late 1990s.[28]
  • Some of the western part of the city is instead zoned to Silver Trail Middle School in Pembroke Pines.[29]
High school
  • Cooper City High School[30] has attained an "A" rating for 2020/2021. It is currently ranked among the top ten percent schools in America. It is the number 46 high school in Florida and one of the top schools in Broward County. It serves students from 9–12. Cooper City High offers more than twenty-two AP classes. The AP participation in Cooper City is 48%, which makes it one of the highest AP participation schools in Broward county.[citation needed]
  • Some areas are jointly zoned to Cooper City High and West Broward High School in Pembroke Pines.[30][31]

Private schools

[edit]
  • Potential Christian Academy (formerly Flamingo Road Christian Academy) is the school ministry of Potential Church. Established in 1983 as a preschool program, PCA has grown to include Pre-K–8th grade. On October 10, 2010, the school changed its name to Potential Christian Academy from Flamingo Road Christian Academy.[32]
  • Franklin Academy is a public charter school serving students in kindergarten through eighth grade.
  • Nur-ul Islam Academy is a private Islamic school located in Cooper City, founded in 1996. It serves students from Pre-K–12th grade.
  • First Baptist Academy is a ministry of First Baptist Church of Southwest Broward and is located in Cooper City. It was started in 2010, and serves grades K4–12th. First Baptist Academy is accredited through Faccs.

Sports

[edit]
Cooper City Sports Park

Brian Piccolo Park in Cooper City is the location of a cricket grounds, and in 2004, played host to first-class cricket when the United States cricket team played Canada in the ICC Intercontinental Cup. It also served as the home ground for the Florida Thunder Pro Cricket team in 2004. The park is also home to one of the few cycling tracks in South Florida. The park also encompasses a skateboard park. There are three other parks in Cooper City, Bill Lips Park, Cooper City Sports Complex, and Flamingo West Park.

Cooper City is also the birthplace of Troy State defensive end Ken Wagner, who was a part of their National Championship team in the late 1980s.

Former Miami Dolphins place kicker Olindo Mare graduated from Cooper City High School in 1991.

Notable people

[edit]

Sister city

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Broward-by-the-Numbers (pages 3-5)" (PDF). www.broward.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  2. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  3. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  4. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  5. ^ "2020 census data". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  6. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  7. ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Cooper City city, Florida". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  8. ^ "Köppen Climate Classification Map: South Florida=Am/Aw=tropical wet & dry". Archived from the original on July 6, 2011.
  9. ^ "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  10. ^ "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  11. ^ "PL002: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". PL002 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE [73]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  12. ^ "1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 2" (PDF). Florida: 1990, Part 1. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  13. ^ "General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population" (PDF). 07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  14. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  15. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Cooper City city, Florida". United States Census Bureau.
  16. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Cooper City city, Florida". United States Census Bureau.
  17. ^ "S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2020: Cooper City city, Florida". United States Census Bureau.
  18. ^ "S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2010: Cooper City city, Florida". United States Census Bureau.
  19. ^ "MLA Data Center results for Cooper City, FL". Modern Language Association. Retrieved September 22, 2007.
  20. ^ "Ancestry Map of Cuban Communities". Epodunk.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  21. ^ "Ancestry Map of Colombian Communities". Epodunk.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  22. ^ "District Map" (PDF). Cooper City, Florida. Retrieved May 8, 2020. - Compare this map to attendance boundary maps and/or street addresses of particular schools.
  23. ^ "Cooper City Elementary School" (PDF). Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved May 8, 2020. - Compare with the map.
  24. ^ "Embassy Creek Elementary School" (PDF). Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved May 8, 2020. - Compare with the map.
  25. ^ "Griffin Elementary School" (PDF). Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved May 8, 2020. - Compare with the map.
  26. ^ "Hawkes Bluff Elementary School" (PDF). Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved May 8, 2020. - Compare with the map.
  27. ^ "Pioneer Middle School" (PDF). Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved May 8, 2020. - Compare with the map.
  28. ^ "Florida School Grades Archives". October 16, 2020.
  29. ^ "Silver Trail Middle School" (PDF). Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved May 8, 2020. - Compare with the Davie zoning map.
  30. ^ a b "Cooper City High School" (PDF). Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved May 6, 2020. - Compare with the map.
  31. ^ "West Broward High School" (PDF). Broward County Public Schools. Retrieved May 6, 2020. - Compare with the Davie zoning map.
  32. ^ "Potential Christian Academy - Cooper City, FL". www.ilovepca.com.
  33. ^ "Legendary South Florida DJ Rick Shaw dies at 78". Sun-Sentinel. September 22, 2017.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cooper_City,_Florida&oldid=1230475523"
pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy