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{{short description|American-German writer, wrote the 2012 autobiography ''Unorthodox''}}
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{{short description|American-German writer, wrote the 2012 autobiography ''Unorthodox''}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Deborah Feldman
| name = Deborah Feldman
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| website = {{URL|deborahfeldman.com}}
| website = {{URL|deborahfeldman.com}}
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'''Deborah Feldman''' is an American-born German{{R|nytimes-citizenship}}<!-- She is a German citizen, a resident of Germany, of German descent on her mother's side and has stated explicitly that she identifies as a German; see below --> writer living in [[Berlin]], Germany. Her 2012 autobiography, ''[[Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots]]'', tells the story of her escape from an ultra-Orthodox community in [[Brooklyn, New York]], and was the basis of the 2020 [[Netflix]] miniseries ''[[Unorthodox (miniseries)|Unorthodox]]''.
'''Deborah Feldman''' is an American-born German{{R|nytimes-citizenship}}<!-- She is a German citizen, a resident of Germany, of German descent on her mother's side and has stated explicitly that she identifies as a German; see below --> writer living in [[Berlin]]. Her 2012 autobiography, ''[[Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots]]'', tells the story of her escape from an ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in [[Brooklyn, New York]], and was the basis of the 2020 [[Netflix]] miniseries ''[[Unorthodox (miniseries)|Unorthodox]]''.


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==Early life==
==Early life==
Feldman grew up as a member of the [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar group]] in [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn]], New York City.{{R|Bonos}} She has written that her father was mentally impaired, and that her paternal family had arranged a marriage for him to her mother, whom Feldman described as an intelligent woman who was an outsider to the community because she was of German Jewish origin. Her mother was born in Manchester to refugees from Germany, and upon researching her mother's family, Feldman discovered that one of her mother's grandfathers was of non-Jewish (Catholic) German ancestry on his father's side and had attempted to integrate fully into Gentile society.{{R|Grunberg}} She was raised by her grandparents, both Holocaust survivors, after her mother left the community and came out as lesbian,{{R|WPost}} and her mentally impaired father was unable to raise her on his own. Like all children in the community, Feldman was raised to be pious, spoke Yiddish, and was prohibited from going to the public library. Denied a typical American education, she hid books prohibited by the community under her bed. She entered an arranged marriage at the age of 17, and became a mother at 19.{{R|DONALDSON}}{{R|Goodreads}}
Feldman grew up as a member of the [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar group]] in [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn]], New York City.{{R|Bonos}} She has written that her father was mentally impaired, and that her paternal family had arranged a marriage for him to her mother, whom Feldman described as an intelligent woman who was an outsider to the community because she was of German Jewish origin. Her mother was born in Manchester to refugees from Germany, and upon researching her mother's family, Feldman discovered that one of her mother's grandfathers was of non-Jewish (Catholic) German ancestry on his father's side and had attempted to integrate fully into [[Gentile]] society.{{R|Grunberg}} She was raised by her grandparents, Bobbi and Zeidy, both [[Holocaust survivors]],{{R|DONALDSON}} after her mother left the community and came out as lesbian,{{R|WPost}} and her mentally impaired father was unable to raise her on his own. Like all children in the community, Feldman was raised to be pious, spoke [[Yiddish]], and was prohibited from going to the public library. Denied a typical American education, she hid books prohibited by the community under her bed. She entered an arranged marriage at the age of 17, and became a mother at 19.{{R|DONALDSON}}{{R|Goodreads}}


==Separation from Hasidic community==
==Separation from Hasidic community==
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== Berlin ==
== Berlin ==
In 2014, Feldman moved to Berlin, settling in the [[Neukölln (locality)|Neukölln]] district, where she continued to work as a writer.{{R|ARFA}} Her first visit to the city had been deeply unsettling, given her family history and Berlin's Nazi past. But on her second visit, the city impressed her with its openness, its welcoming of refugees, and its many bookstores. After her first summer living there, she called the city her "secret paradise", and she resolved to stay. She quickly adapted to speaking and writing in German, due to its similarity with Yiddish.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=McGrane|first=Sally|date=2017-12-20|title=An American Jewish Author Now Calls Germany Home|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/books/an-american-jewish-author-now-calls-germany-home.html|access-date=2020-07-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Feldman has said that "one of the biggest draws of being in Germany is the fact that the language is so similar to my mother language [Yiddish] that I feel a sense of familiarity, and that is powerful".{{R|Grunberg}} After moving to Germany, Feldman became a German citizen;{{R|nytimes-citizenship}} asked by [[Arnon Grunberg]] whether she identifies as a German, she affirmed that "yes, I'm German".{{R|Grunberg}} She lives in Berlin with her German boyfriend, who is not Jewish.{{R|Grunberg}} Feldman has said that "I see Berlin as the capital of the West; to me, it's a city where everyone can find a home, where everyone can find freedom, it's the last bastion against oppression".{{R|DWNews}}
In 2014, Feldman moved to Berlin, settling in the [[Neukölln (locality)|Neukölln]] district, where she continued to work as a writer.{{R|ARFA}} Her first visit to the city had been deeply unsettling, given her family history and Berlin's Nazi past. But on her second visit, the city impressed her with its openness, its welcoming of refugees, and its many bookstores. After her first summer living there, she called the city her "secret paradise", and she resolved to stay. She quickly adapted to speaking and writing in German, due to its similarity with Yiddish, a [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic language]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=McGrane|first=Sally|date=2017-12-20|title=An American Jewish Author Now Calls Germany Home|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/books/an-american-jewish-author-now-calls-germany-home.html|access-date=2020-07-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Feldman has said that "one of the biggest draws of being in Germany is the fact that the language is so similar to my mother language [Yiddish] that I feel a sense of familiarity, and that is powerful".{{R|Grunberg}} After moving to Germany, Feldman became a German citizen in 2017;{{R|nytimes-citizenship}} asked by [[Arnon Grunberg]] whether she identifies as a German, she affirmed that "yes, I'm German".{{R|Grunberg}} She lives in Berlin with her German boyfriend, who is not Jewish.{{R|Grunberg}} Feldman has said that "I see Berlin as the capital of the West; to me, it's a city where everyone can find a home, where everyone can find freedom, it's the last bastion against oppression".{{R|DWNews}}


== Career ==
== Career ==
Feldman started blogging, and in 2012, she published her autobiography, ''[[Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots]]'',{{R|hardcover}} which became a [[bestseller]]{{R|Butler}} and was translated into Hebrew in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamoredet ("The Rebel")|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH003574177/NLI|last=|first=|date=|website=The National Library of Israel|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2014, she published ''Exodus: A Memoir''. Her books have been translated into German, and well received by German critics, which led to her appearing on various talk shows on German TV.{{R|Wiener}}{{R|Guardian2010}}
Feldman started blogging, and in 2012, she published her autobiography, ''[[Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots]]'',{{R|hardcover}} which became a [[bestseller]]{{R|Butler}} and was translated into 30 languages, into Hebrew in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamoredet ("The Rebel")|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH003574177/NLI|last=|first=|date=|website=The National Library of Israel|access-date=}}</ref> In 2014, she published ''Exodus: A Memoir''. Her books have been translated into German and well received by German critics, which led to her appearing on various talk shows on German TV.{{R|Wiener}}{{R|Guardian2010}}


In 2017, she published ''Überbitten'' (roughly translated as "Reconcile"), a German-language expanded version of ''Exodus'', which she wrote in collaboration with publisher Christian Ruzicska. Feldman said that writing in German was freeing because she could use her broader vocabulary of Yiddish terms that a German readership could understand. She characterized her writing style as old-fashioned, owing to the 18th-century version of Yiddish she grew up with. ''Überbitten'' was well-received. The Swiss-German newspaper ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' called the book "a report on the long journey to the self, a literary survival guide, and a formidable philosophical-analytic confrontation with one's own history".<ref name=":0" />
In 2017, she published ''Überbitten'' (roughly translated as "Reconcile"), a German-language expanded version of ''Exodus'', which she wrote in collaboration with publisher Christian Ruzicska. Feldman said that writing in German was freeing because she could use her broader vocabulary of Yiddish terms that a German readership could understand. She characterized her writing style as old-fashioned, owing to the 18th-century version of Yiddish she grew up with. ''Überbitten'' was well received. The Swiss-German newspaper ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' called the book "a report on the long journey to the self, a literary survival guide, and a formidable philosophical-analytic confrontation with one's own history".<ref name=":0" />


Feldman is featured in the 2018 Swiss-German documentary ''[[Female Pleasure|#Female Pleasure]]''.{{R|Pleasure}} The 2020 [[Netflix]] original miniseries ''[[Unorthodox (miniseries)|Unorthodox]]'' is loosely based on her autobiography.{{R|MAZRIA}} Netflix also produced a documentary, ''Making Unorthodox'', that chronicles the creative process and filming, and discussed the differences between the book and the TV series.{{R|OprahMag}}
Feldman is featured in the 2018 Swiss-German documentary ''[[Female Pleasure|#Female Pleasure]]''.{{R|Pleasure}} The 2020 [[Netflix]] original miniseries ''[[Unorthodox (miniseries)|Unorthodox]]'' is loosely based on her autobiography.{{R|MAZRIA}} Netflix also produced a documentary, ''Making Unorthodox'', that chronicles the creative process and filming, and discussed the differences between the book and the TV series.{{R|OprahMag}}

In November 2023, Feldman appeared along with German vice-chancellor [[Robert Habeck]] on the talk show ''[[Markus Lanz (talk show)|Markus Lanz]]'', where they debated the German response to the [[Israel-Hamas war]]. Feldman said that the only lesson from the Holocaust must be the unconditional defense of human rights for all.<ref name="guard-13nov2023">{{cite news |last1=Feldman |first1=Deborah |title=Germany is a good place to be Jewish. Unless, like me, you're a Jew who criticises Israel |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/nov/13/germany-jewish-criticise-israel-tv-debate |access-date=November 13, 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name="zdf-yt-2nov2023">{{cite web |title=Jüdin kritisiert mangelnden Schutz in Deutschland |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yblJzvEw2Go |website=[[Heute|ZDFheute Nachrichten]] |publisher=[[YouTube]] |access-date=November 13, 2023 |language=German |date=November 2, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Ber8Nov24">{{cite web |title=„Man darf in Deutschland nur auf bestimmte Art über Israel sprechen“ |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/kultur-vergnuegen/deborah-feldman-entscheidet-sich-deutschland-fuer-israel-tut-es-das-auf-kosten-vieler-juden-li.2156187 |website=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |access-date=November 13, 2023 |language=German |date=November 8, 2023}}</ref> Feldman criticized the [[Minor_Detail_(novel)#2023_LiBeraturpreis_Award_controversy|postponed award ceremony]] for the Palestinian author [[Adania Shibli]] and her novel ''[[Minor Detail (novel)|Minor Detail]]'' at the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] 2023 and signed the open letter from 1200 intellectuals against it.<ref name="Ber8Nov24" />


==Criticism==
==Criticism==
Members of the Hasidic community have criticized Feldman, including in a blog titled, "Deborah Feldman Exposed", which was dedicated to "exposing the lies and fabrications" in her story.{{R|LEUNG}} [[Jesse Kornbluth]] examined this criticism in a pair of articles in the ''[[Huffington Post]]'' which concluded: "There are claims in this book that Hasids have disputed. I can't tell what's true. But I'm sure of one thing: Men who can't live equally with women aren't worth living with. No doubt girls all over Brooklyn are buying this book, hiding it under their mattresses, reading it after lights out—and contemplating, perhaps for the first time, their own escape."{{R|Kornbluth1}}{{R|Kornbluth2}}
Members of the Hasidic community have criticized Feldman, including in an anonymous blog titled "Deborah Feldman Exposed", which was dedicated to "exposing the lies and fabrications" in her story.{{R|LEUNG}} [[Jesse Kornbluth]] examined this criticism in a pair of articles in the ''[[Huffington Post]]'' which concluded, "There are claims in this book that Hasids have disputed. I can't tell what's true. But I'm sure of one thing: Men who can't live equally with women aren't worth living with. No doubt girls all over Brooklyn are buying this book, hiding it under their mattresses, reading it after lights out—and contemplating, perhaps for the first time, their own escape."{{R|Kornbluth1}}{{R|Kornbluth2}} Other journalists also investigated some of the incidents described in Feldman's memoir and found a number of exaggerations or discrepancies, including her account of her schooling, her relationships with various family members, and her description of an alleged murder and its supposed coverup by Haredi authorities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Winston |first1=Hella |title='Unorthodox' Author's Claim Of Cover-up Is Countered |url=https://jewishweek.timesofisrael.com/unorthodox-authors-claim-of-cover-up-is-countered/ |website=The New York Jewish Week |access-date=13 March 2021 |date=21 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Shmarya |title=More Evidence Deborah Feldman Lied |url=https://failedmessiah.typepad.com/failed_messiahcom/2012/03/more-evidence-deborah-feldman-lied-678.html |website=FailedMessiah.com |access-date=13 March 2021 |date=2 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wiener |first1=Julie |title='Unorthodox' With The Facts? |url=https://www.jta.org/2012/03/06/ny/unorthodox-with-the-facts |website=The New York Jewish Week |access-date=18 October 2023 |date=6 March 2012}}</ref> In response to these criticisms, Feldman noted that the book carried a disclaimer stating that certain events had been compressed, consolidated or reordered.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Leung |first1=Wency |title=Hasidic life exposed: Why one woman rejected her religious roots |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/relationships/hasidic-life-exposed-why-one-woman-rejected-her-religious-roots/article4097192/ |website=The Globe and Mail |access-date=13 March 2021 |date=28 March 2012}}</ref> Her book ''Exodus'' has drawn similar criticisms regarding the veracity of certain events.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://forward.com/culture/195634/deborah-feldman-isnt-telling-you-the-whole-story/ | title=Deborah Feldman Isn't Telling You the Whole Story | first=Frimet | last=Goldberger | website=Forward.com | date=2 April 2014 | access-date=17 February 2024}}</ref>


== Bibliography==
== Bibliography==
*''[[Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots]]''. Simon & Schuster, October 2, 2012; {{ISBN|978-1439187012}}
*''[[Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots]]''. Simon & Schuster, October 2, 2012; {{ISBN|978-1439187012}}
*''Exodus: A Memoir''. Blue Rider Press, March 25, 2014; {{ISBN|978-0399162770}}
*''Exodus: A Memoir''. Blue Rider Press, March 25, 2014; {{ISBN|978-0399162770}}
* ''Überbitten.'' Übersetzung Christian Ruzicska. Secession Verlag für Literatur, Zürich 2017, {{ISBN|978-3-906910-00-0}}
* ''Judenfetisch.'' Luchterhand Verlag, München 2023, {{ISBN|978-3-630-87751-8}}


==See also==
==See also==
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{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{Reflist|30em|refs=


<ref name=Bonos>{{cite news |last1=Bonos |first1=Lisa |title=Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots by Deborah Feldman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/unorthodox-the-scandalous-rejection-of-my-hasidic-roots-by-deborah-feldman/2012/04/07/gIQAe5d81S_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/528hj |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=April 7, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=Bonos>{{cite news |last1=Bonos |first1=Lisa |title=Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots by Deborah Feldman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/unorthodox-the-scandalous-rejection-of-my-hasidic-roots-by-deborah-feldman/2012/04/07/gIQAe5d81S_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200412045224/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/unorthodox-the-scandalous-rejection-of-my-hasidic-roots-by-deborah-feldman/2012/04/07/gIQAe5d81S_story.html |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=April 7, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name = DONALDSON>{{cite news |last1=James |first1=Susan Donaldson|title=Hasidic Hell: Married at 17, Girl Runs From Her Orthodox Roots |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/hasidic-jew-runs-orthodox-roots-arranged-marriage-child/story?id=15540395 |work=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/sWu8e |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=February 8, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name = DONALDSON>{{cite news |last1=James |first1=Susan Donaldson|title=Hasidic Hell: Married at 17, Girl Runs From Her Orthodox Roots |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/hasidic-jew-runs-orthodox-roots-arranged-marriage-child/story?id=15540395#:~:text=Feldman%20was%20raised%20by%20her,allowed%20to%20worship%20with%20men |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=30 April 2023 |date=February 8, 2012 }}</ref>


<ref name=Goodreads>{{cite web |title=Goodreads review: Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13547241-unorthodox |publisher=Goodreads |accessdate=April 13, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/u1lYu# |archivedate=April 13, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=Goodreads>{{cite web |title=Goodreads review: Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13547241-unorthodox |publisher=Goodreads |accessdate=April 13, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200413162428/https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13547241-unorthodox |archivedate=April 13, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name=Wiener>{{cite news |last1=Wiener |first1=Julie|title=Unapologetically 'Unorthodox' |url=https://jewishweek.timesofisrael.com/unapologetically-unorthodox/ |work=[[Times of Israel]] |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/LsREH |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=February 9, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=Wiener>{{cite news |last1=Wiener |first1=Julie|title='Unorthodox' With The Facts?|url=https://www.jta.org/2012/03/06/ny/unorthodox-with-the-facts |work=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency|JTA]] |accessdate=October 18, 2023 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200412050116/https://jewishweek.timesofisrael.com/unapologetically-unorthodox/ |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=February 9, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name = Guardian2010>{{cite news |last1=Feldman |first1=Deborah |title=Once upon a life: Deborah Feldman |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/aug/29/deborah-feldman-hasidic-once-upon-a-life |work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/tLnV0 |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=August 28, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name = Guardian2010>{{cite news |last1=Feldman |first1=Deborah |title=Once upon a life: Deborah Feldman |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/aug/29/deborah-feldman-hasidic-once-upon-a-life |work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200412044519/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/aug/29/deborah-feldman-hasidic-once-upon-a-life |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=August 28, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name = LEUNG>{{cite news |last1=Leung |first1=Wency |title=Hasidic life exposed: Why one woman rejected her religious roots |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/relationships/hasidic-life-exposed-why-one-woman-rejected-her-religious-roots/article4097192/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/Vlyy7 |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=April 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name = LEUNG>{{cite news |last1=Leung |first1=Wency |title=Hasidic life exposed: Why one woman rejected her religious roots |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/relationships/hasidic-life-exposed-why-one-woman-rejected-her-religious-roots/article4097192/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200412043759/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/relationships/hasidic-life-exposed-why-one-woman-rejected-her-religious-roots/article4097192/ |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=April 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name = hardcover>{{Cite book|last=Feldman, Deborah, 1986–|title=Unorthodox : the scandalous rejection of my Hasidic roots|date=2012|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=978-1-4391-8700-5|edition=1st Simon & Schuster hardcover|location=New York|oclc=698360654}}</ref>
<ref name = hardcover>{{Cite book|last=Feldman, Deborah, 1986–|title=Unorthodox : the scandalous rejection of my Hasidic roots|date=2012|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=978-1-4391-8700-5|edition=1st Simon & Schuster hardcover|location=New York|oclc=698360654}}</ref>


<ref name= ARFA>{{cite news |last1=Arfa |first1=Orit |title=FROM WILLIAMSBURG TO BERLIN |url=https://www.jpost.com/magazine/from-williamsburg-to-berlin-553426 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/FjXsV |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=May 3, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name= ARFA>{{cite news |last1=Arfa |first1=Orit |title=FROM WILLIAMSBURG TO BERLIN |url=https://www.jpost.com/magazine/from-williamsburg-to-berlin-553426 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200412040757/https://www.jpost.com/magazine/from-williamsburg-to-berlin-553426 |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |date=May 3, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name = Pleasure>{{cite web |title=#Female Pleasure |url=https://www.wmm.com/film/female-pleasure/ |website=wmm.com |publisher=Women Make Movies |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412040032/https://www.wmm.com/film/female-pleasure/ |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name = Pleasure>{{cite web |title=#Female Pleasure |url=https://www.wmm.com/film/female-pleasure/ |website=wmm.com |publisher=Women Make Movies |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412040032/https://www.wmm.com/film/female-pleasure/ |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name = MAZRIA >{{cite web |last1=Mazria Kate |first1=Marisa |title=In 'Unorthodox,' A Religious Woman Leaves Her Marriage And Her Past Behind |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/28/821918561/in-unorthodox-a-religious-woman-leaves-her-marriage-and-her-past-behind?t=1586016946210 |publisher=NPR |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412040323/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/28/821918561/in-unorthodox-a-religious-woman-leaves-her-marriage-and-her-past-behind?t=1586016946210 |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name = MAZRIA >{{cite web |last1=Mazria Kate |first1=Marisa |title=In 'Unorthodox,' A Religious Woman Leaves Her Marriage And Her Past Behind |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/28/821918561/in-unorthodox-a-religious-woman-leaves-her-marriage-and-her-past-behind?t=1586016946210 |publisher=NPR |accessdate=April 12, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412040323/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/28/821918561/in-unorthodox-a-religious-woman-leaves-her-marriage-and-her-past-behind?t=1586016946210 |archivedate=April 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name=NYT2012>{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Sam |title=Embracing a Race and Rejecting a Sect |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/nyregion/books-on-a-racial-attraction-a-religious-rejection-and-new-york-architecture.html|work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=April 13, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/W4Sem |archivedate=April 13, 2020 |date=February 10, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=NYT2012>{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Sam |title=Embracing a Race and Rejecting a Sect |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/nyregion/books-on-a-racial-attraction-a-religious-rejection-and-new-york-architecture.html|work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=April 13, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200413192133/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/nyregion/books-on-a-racial-attraction-a-religious-rejection-and-new-york-architecture.html |archivedate=April 13, 2020 |date=February 10, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name=Kornbluth1>{{cite news |last1=Kornbluth |first1=Jesse |title=Unorthodox : The Hasidic Campaign Against Deborah Feldman — and Me |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/unorthodox-the-hasidic-ca_b_1323675 |work=[[Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 13, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/UX91y |archivedate=April 13, 2020 |date=March 6, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=Kornbluth1>{{cite news |last1=Kornbluth |first1=Jesse |title=Unorthodox : The Hasidic Campaign Against Deborah Feldman — and Me |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/unorthodox-the-hasidic-ca_b_1323675 |work=[[Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 13, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200413224414/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/unorthodox-the-hasidic-ca_b_1323675 |archivedate=April 13, 2020 |date=March 6, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name=Kornbluth2>{{cite news |last1=Kornbluth |first1=Jesse |title=Unorthodox? Try This: A Young Hasidic Wife Breaks With Her Tradition, Writes Tell-All Book 02/24/2012 07:37 am ET Updated Dec 06, 2017 |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/unorthodox-try-this-a-you_b_1298760 |work=[[Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 14, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/qhSMK |archivedate=April 14, 2020 |date=December 6, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=Kornbluth2>{{cite news |last1=Kornbluth |first1=Jesse |title=Unorthodox? Try This: A Young Hasidic Wife Breaks With Her Tradition, Writes Tell-All Book 02/24/2012 07:37 am ET Updated Dec 06, 2017 |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/unorthodox-try-this-a-you_b_1298760 |work=[[Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 14, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200414122424/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/unorthodox-try-this-a-you_b_1298760 |archivedate=April 14, 2020 |date=December 6, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name=OprahMag>{{cite magazine |last1=Nicolaou |first1=Elena |title=Netflix's Unorthodox Is Inspired by the True Story of Deborah Feldman |url=https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/a31942532/unorthodox-netflix-deborah-feldman-true-story-memoir/ |magazine=The Oprah Magazine |accessdate=April 13, 2020 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/ozKsb |archivedate=April 13, 2020 |date=March 26, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=OprahMag>{{cite magazine |last1=Nicolaou |first1=Elena |title=Netflix's Unorthodox Is Inspired by the True Story of Deborah Feldman |url=https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/a31942532/unorthodox-netflix-deborah-feldman-true-story-memoir/ |magazine=The Oprah Magazine |accessdate=April 13, 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200413194509/https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/a31942532/unorthodox-netflix-deborah-feldman-true-story-memoir/ |archivedate=April 13, 2020 |date=March 26, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


<ref name = Butler>Butler, Bethoni (April 7, 2020). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2020/04/07/unorthodox-netflix-true-story/ ''Netflix's 'Unorthodox' is based on a best-selling memoir. How does the series compare with the real story?'']. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved April 30, 2020.</ref>
<ref name = Butler>Butler, Bethoni (April 7, 2020). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2020/04/07/unorthodox-netflix-true-story/ ''Netflix's 'Unorthodox' is based on a best-selling memoir. How does the series compare with the real story?'']. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved April 30, 2020.</ref>
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<ref name=Grunberg>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbKvcTZqNA0 |title=Arnon Grunberg meets Deborah Feldman |last= |first= |date=2017-05-21|website=De Balie|publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name=Grunberg>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbKvcTZqNA0 |title=Arnon Grunberg meets Deborah Feldman |last= |first= |date=2017-05-21|website=De Balie|publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>


<ref name="nytimes-citizenship">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/books/an-american-jewish-author-now-calls-germany-home.html|title=An American Jewish Author Now Calls Germany Home (Published 2017)|first=Sally|last=McGrane|date=December 20, 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
<ref name="nytimes-citizenship">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/books/an-american-jewish-author-now-calls-germany-home.html|title=An American Jewish Author Now Calls Germany Home (Published 2017)|first=Sally|last=McGrane|work=The New York Times |date=December 20, 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>


<ref name="WPost">{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2020/04/07/unorthodox-netflix-true-story/|title=Netflix's 'Unorthodox' is based on a best-selling memoir. How does the series compare with the real story?|first=|last=|date=April 7, 2020|work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
<ref name="WPost">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2020/04/07/unorthodox-netflix-true-story/|title=Netflix's 'Unorthodox' is based on a best-selling memoir. How does the series compare with the real story?|first=|last=|date=April 7, 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>


<ref name="DWNews">{{Cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvxzIXSAPyw|title= Unorthodox: Deborah Feldman's escape from Brooklyn to Berlin|first=|last=|date=July 29, 2016|work=[[DW News]]}}</ref>
<ref name="DWNews">{{Cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvxzIXSAPyw|title= Unorthodox: Deborah Feldman's escape from Brooklyn to Berlin|first=|last=|date=July 29, 2016|work=[[DW News]]}}</ref>
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[[Category:American emigrants to Germany]]
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[[Category:German people of American descent]]
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Latest revision as of 23:59, 9 September 2024

Deborah Feldman
Feldman in 2017
Born (1986-08-17) August 17, 1986 (age 38)
New York City
NationalityAmerican
German[1]
OccupationAuthor
Notable workUnorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots
Children1
Websitedeborahfeldman.com

Deborah Feldman is an American-born German[1] writer living in Berlin. Her 2012 autobiography, Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots, tells the story of her escape from an ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Brooklyn, New York, and was the basis of the 2020 Netflix miniseries Unorthodox.

Early life

[edit]

Feldman grew up as a member of the Hasidic Satmar group in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City.[2] She has written that her father was mentally impaired, and that her paternal family had arranged a marriage for him to her mother, whom Feldman described as an intelligent woman who was an outsider to the community because she was of German Jewish origin. Her mother was born in Manchester to refugees from Germany, and upon researching her mother's family, Feldman discovered that one of her mother's grandfathers was of non-Jewish (Catholic) German ancestry on his father's side and had attempted to integrate fully into Gentile society.[3] She was raised by her grandparents, Bobbi and Zeidy, both Holocaust survivors,[4] after her mother left the community and came out as lesbian,[5] and her mentally impaired father was unable to raise her on his own. Like all children in the community, Feldman was raised to be pious, spoke Yiddish, and was prohibited from going to the public library. Denied a typical American education, she hid books prohibited by the community under her bed. She entered an arranged marriage at the age of 17, and became a mother at 19.[4][6]

Separation from Hasidic community

[edit]

Feldman said that the birth of her son was a turning point regarding staying in the Hasidic community: "I saw my future all mapped out... I freaked out at the knowledge that I have the responsibility and guilt of putting everything I saw as my oppression into an innocent person." In 2006, she and her husband moved out of Williamsburg, and, telling her husband she wanted to take business courses to supplement their income, she began to study literature at Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville.[4]

Once in school, she "made a beeline" for a college degree to connect with the outside world. She began to speak out and "open my mind". She also began to wear jeans and high heels, breaking the strict Hasidic dress code. In 2006, she departed with her son, leaving her husband and cutting all ties with the Hasidic community.[7] She lived for two months with friends, and consulted with lawyers to make sure she did not lose custody of her son. As of 2012, Feldman had not seen or spoken to any of her family since her departure in 2006.[4]

Despite her differences with the Hasidic community, Feldman has said: "I am proud of being Jewish, because I think that's where my indomitable spirit comes from."[8]

Berlin

[edit]

In 2014, Feldman moved to Berlin, settling in the Neukölln district, where she continued to work as a writer.[9] Her first visit to the city had been deeply unsettling, given her family history and Berlin's Nazi past. But on her second visit, the city impressed her with its openness, its welcoming of refugees, and its many bookstores. After her first summer living there, she called the city her "secret paradise", and she resolved to stay. She quickly adapted to speaking and writing in German, due to its similarity with Yiddish, a West Germanic language.[10] Feldman has said that "one of the biggest draws of being in Germany is the fact that the language is so similar to my mother language [Yiddish] that I feel a sense of familiarity, and that is powerful".[3] After moving to Germany, Feldman became a German citizen in 2017;[1] asked by Arnon Grunberg whether she identifies as a German, she affirmed that "yes, I'm German".[3] She lives in Berlin with her German boyfriend, who is not Jewish.[3] Feldman has said that "I see Berlin as the capital of the West; to me, it's a city where everyone can find a home, where everyone can find freedom, it's the last bastion against oppression".[11]

Career

[edit]

Feldman started blogging, and in 2012, she published her autobiography, Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots,[12] which became a bestseller[13] and was translated into 30 languages, into Hebrew in 2013.[14] In 2014, she published Exodus: A Memoir. Her books have been translated into German and well received by German critics, which led to her appearing on various talk shows on German TV.[7][15]

In 2017, she published Überbitten (roughly translated as "Reconcile"), a German-language expanded version of Exodus, which she wrote in collaboration with publisher Christian Ruzicska. Feldman said that writing in German was freeing because she could use her broader vocabulary of Yiddish terms that a German readership could understand. She characterized her writing style as old-fashioned, owing to the 18th-century version of Yiddish she grew up with. Überbitten was well received. The Swiss-German newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung called the book "a report on the long journey to the self, a literary survival guide, and a formidable philosophical-analytic confrontation with one's own history".[10]

Feldman is featured in the 2018 Swiss-German documentary #Female Pleasure.[16] The 2020 Netflix original miniseries Unorthodox is loosely based on her autobiography.[17] Netflix also produced a documentary, Making Unorthodox, that chronicles the creative process and filming, and discussed the differences between the book and the TV series.[18]

In November 2023, Feldman appeared along with German vice-chancellor Robert Habeck on the talk show Markus Lanz, where they debated the German response to the Israel-Hamas war. Feldman said that the only lesson from the Holocaust must be the unconditional defense of human rights for all.[19][20][21] Feldman criticized the postponed award ceremony for the Palestinian author Adania Shibli and her novel Minor Detail at the Frankfurt Book Fair 2023 and signed the open letter from 1200 intellectuals against it.[21]

Criticism

[edit]

Members of the Hasidic community have criticized Feldman, including in an anonymous blog titled "Deborah Feldman Exposed", which was dedicated to "exposing the lies and fabrications" in her story.[22] Jesse Kornbluth examined this criticism in a pair of articles in the Huffington Post which concluded, "There are claims in this book that Hasids have disputed. I can't tell what's true. But I'm sure of one thing: Men who can't live equally with women aren't worth living with. No doubt girls all over Brooklyn are buying this book, hiding it under their mattresses, reading it after lights out—and contemplating, perhaps for the first time, their own escape."[23][24] Other journalists also investigated some of the incidents described in Feldman's memoir and found a number of exaggerations or discrepancies, including her account of her schooling, her relationships with various family members, and her description of an alleged murder and its supposed coverup by Haredi authorities.[25][26][27] In response to these criticisms, Feldman noted that the book carried a disclaimer stating that certain events had been compressed, consolidated or reordered.[28] Her book Exodus has drawn similar criticisms regarding the veracity of certain events.[29]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots. Simon & Schuster, October 2, 2012; ISBN 978-1439187012
  • Exodus: A Memoir. Blue Rider Press, March 25, 2014; ISBN 978-0399162770
  • Überbitten. Übersetzung Christian Ruzicska. Secession Verlag für Literatur, Zürich 2017, ISBN 978-3-906910-00-0
  • Judenfetisch. Luchterhand Verlag, München 2023, ISBN 978-3-630-87751-8

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c McGrane, Sally (December 20, 2017). "An American Jewish Author Now Calls Germany Home (Published 2017)". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
  2. ^ Bonos, Lisa (April 7, 2012). "Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots by Deborah Feldman". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d "Arnon Grunberg meets Deborah Feldman". De Balie. May 21, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d James, Susan Donaldson (February 8, 2012). "Hasidic Hell: Married at 17, Girl Runs From Her Orthodox Roots". ABC News. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
  5. ^ "Netflix's 'Unorthodox' is based on a best-selling memoir. How does the series compare with the real story?". The Washington Post. April 7, 2020.
  6. ^ "Goodreads review: Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots". Goodreads. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  7. ^ a b Wiener, Julie (February 9, 2012). "'Unorthodox' With The Facts?". JTA. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  8. ^ Roberts, Sam (February 10, 2012). "Embracing a Race and Rejecting a Sect". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  9. ^ Arfa, Orit (May 3, 2018). "FROM WILLIAMSBURG TO BERLIN". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  10. ^ a b McGrane, Sally (December 20, 2017). "An American Jewish Author Now Calls Germany Home". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  11. ^ "Unorthodox: Deborah Feldman's escape from Brooklyn to Berlin". DW News. July 29, 2016.
  12. ^ Feldman, Deborah, 1986– (2012). Unorthodox : the scandalous rejection of my Hasidic roots (1st Simon & Schuster hardcover ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-8700-5. OCLC 698360654.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Butler, Bethoni (April 7, 2020). Netflix's 'Unorthodox' is based on a best-selling memoir. How does the series compare with the real story?. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  14. ^ "Hamoredet ("The Rebel")". The National Library of Israel.
  15. ^ Feldman, Deborah (August 28, 2010). "Once upon a life: Deborah Feldman". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  16. ^ "#Female Pleasure". wmm.com. Women Make Movies. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  17. ^ Mazria Kate, Marisa. "In 'Unorthodox,' A Religious Woman Leaves Her Marriage And Her Past Behind". NPR. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  18. ^ Nicolaou, Elena (March 26, 2020). "Netflix's Unorthodox Is Inspired by the True Story of Deborah Feldman". The Oprah Magazine. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  19. ^ Feldman, Deborah (November 13, 2023). "Germany is a good place to be Jewish. Unless, like me, you're a Jew who criticises Israel". The Guardian. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
  20. ^ "Jüdin kritisiert mangelnden Schutz in Deutschland". ZDFheute Nachrichten (in German). YouTube. November 2, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
  21. ^ a b "„Man darf in Deutschland nur auf bestimmte Art über Israel sprechen"". Berliner Zeitung (in German). November 8, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
  22. ^ Leung, Wency (April 12, 2020). "Hasidic life exposed: Why one woman rejected her religious roots". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  23. ^ Kornbluth, Jesse (March 6, 2012). "Unorthodox : The Hasidic Campaign Against Deborah Feldman — and Me". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  24. ^ Kornbluth, Jesse (December 6, 2017). "Unorthodox? Try This: A Young Hasidic Wife Breaks With Her Tradition, Writes Tell-All Book 02/24/2012 07:37 am ET Updated Dec 06, 2017". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  25. ^ Winston, Hella (February 21, 2012). "'Unorthodox' Author's Claim Of Cover-up Is Countered". The New York Jewish Week. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  26. ^ Rosenberg, Shmarya (March 2, 2012). "More Evidence Deborah Feldman Lied". FailedMessiah.com. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  27. ^ Wiener, Julie (March 6, 2012). "'Unorthodox' With The Facts?". The New York Jewish Week. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  28. ^ Leung, Wency (March 28, 2012). "Hasidic life exposed: Why one woman rejected her religious roots". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  29. ^ Goldberger, Frimet (April 2, 2014). "Deborah Feldman Isn't Telling You the Whole Story". Forward.com. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
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