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| familia = [[Loricariidae]]
| familia = [[Loricariidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Hypostominae]]
| subfamilia = [[Hypostominae]]
| tribus = [[Hypostomini]]
| genus = '''''Hypostomus'''''
| genus = '''''Hypostomus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1803
| genus_authority = [[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1803
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This genus shows sexual dimorphism, males develop elongated single pointed teeth,<ref name="ammo2"/> [http://www.scotcat.com/loricariidae/a_ammophilus2.htm odontodes along the flanks of the tail of A. Ammophilus] (Image from scotcat.com)
This genus shows sexual dimorphism, males develop elongated single pointed teeth,<ref name="ammo2"/> [http://www.scotcat.com/loricariidae/a_ammophilus2.htm odontodes along the flanks of the tail of A. Ammophilus] (Image from scotcat.com)


''Aphanotorulus ammophilus'' is a synonym of ''Hypostomus ammophilus'' and is also known by the [[L-number]]s, L94 and L123. It is found in the Potuguesa River Basin. Colouring is round dark spots on a light background.<ref name="ammo">{{cite web|publisher=planetcatfish.com| url=http://www.planetcatfish.com/catelog/species.php?species_id=403|title=Aphanotorulus ammophilus}}</ref> The spots on the fin rays mostly do not touch the fin spines.<ref name="ammo2">{{cite journal|title=Redescription of ''Aphanotorulus'' (Teleostei: Loricariidae) with Description of One New Species, ''A. ammophilus'', from the Rio Orinoco Basin|first=Jonathan W.|last=Armbruster|jstor=1446854|author2=Page, Lawrence M.|journal=[[Copeia]]|issue=2|pages=379–389|year=1996|publisher=American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists|doi=10.2307/1446854|volume=1996}}</ref> ''Aphanotorulus frankei'' is a synonym of ''Hypostomus unicolor''. It is also known by the [[L-number]] L109.
''Aphanotorulus ammophilus'' is a synonym of ''Hypostomus ammophilus'' and is also known by the [[L-number]]s, L94 and L123. It is found in the Potuguesa River Basin. Colouring is round dark spots on a light background.<ref name="ammo">{{cite web|publisher=planetcatfish.com| url=http://www.planetcatfish.com/catelog/species.php?species_id=403|title=Aphanotorulus ammophilus}}</ref> The spots on the fin rays mostly do not touch the fin spines.<ref name="ammo2">{{cite journal|title=Redescription of ''Aphanotorulus'' (Teleostei: Loricariidae) with Description of One New Species, ''A. ammophilus'', from the Rio Orinoco Basin|author=Armbruster, J.W. & Page, L.M.|journal=[[Copeia]],|issue=2|pages=379–389|year=1996|volume=1996}}</ref> ''Aphanotorulus frankei'' is a synonym of ''Hypostomus unicolor''. It is also known by the [[L-number]] L109.
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==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
''Hypostomus'' is the only genus in the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Hypostomini]] of the subfamily [[Hypostominae]], and is the [[biological type|type genus]] of Hypostominae.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/><ref name="Oyakawa"/> The [[biological type|type species]] of ''Hypostomus'' is ''H. guacari''.<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Hypostomus|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>
''Hypostomus'' is the only genus in the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Hypostomini]] of the subfamily [[Hypostominae]], and is the [[biological type|type genus]] of Hypostominae.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/><ref name="Oyakawa"/> The [[biological type|type species]] of ''Hypostomus'' is ''H. guacari''.<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Hypostomus|year=2015|month=February}}</ref>


With the inclusion of ''[[Aphanotorulus]]'', ''Cheiridodus'', ''Cochliodon'', ''[[Isorineloricaria]]'', ''[[Squaliforma]]'', and ''Watawata'', the genus ''Hypostomus'' is by far the largest genus of Loricariidae, and the second largest genus of catfish.<ref name="Armbruster2007"/><ref name="Zawadzki">{{cite journal|title=A new pale-spotted species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tocantins and rio Xingu basins in central Brazil|first=Cláudio H.|last=Zawadzki|author2=Birindelli, José L. O. |author3=Lima, Flávio C. T. |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology|volume=6|issue=3|pages=395–402|year=2008|doi=10.1590/S1679-62252008000300012}}</ref> However, a good way to split up the genus further is unclear.<ref name="Armbrustersite">{{cite web|url= http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/res_area/loricariid/fish_key/hypostom/hypos.html|title=Hypostomus|last=Armbruster|first=Jonathan W.|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Species level taxonomy of ''Hypostomus'' is still poorly known as well as the [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] relationships within and of the genus. It has been shown that the genus does not form a natural group.<ref name="Oyakawa"/> However, small [[monophyly|monophyletic]] groups are known to exist within the genus ''Hypostomus'', such as the ''H. unicolor'' group and the ''H. cochliodon'' group.<ref name="Armbruster2007"/> ''Aphanotorulus'', ''Isorineloricaria'', and ''Squaliforma'' are considered separate genera by some authors based on molecular information.<ref name="Zawadzki"/>
With the inclusion of ''[[Aphanotorulus]]'', ''Cheiridodus'', ''Cochliodon'', ''[[Isorineloricaria]]'', ''[[Squaliforma]]'', and ''Watawata'', the genus ''Hypostomus'' is by far the largest genus of Loricariidae, and the second largest genus of catfish.<ref name="Armbruster2007"/><ref name="Zawadzki">{{cite journal|title=A new pale-spotted species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tocantins and rio Xingu basins in central Brazil|authors=Zawadzki, C.H., Birindelli, J.L.O. & Lima, F.C.T. |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology,|volume=6|issue=3|pages=395–402|year=2008}}</ref> However, a good way to split up the genus further is unclear.<ref name="Armbrustersite">{{cite web|url= http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/res_area/loricariid/fish_key/hypostom/hypos.html|title=Hypostomus|last=Armbruster|first=J.W.}}</ref> Species level taxonomy of ''Hypostomus'' is still poorly known as well as the [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] relationships within and of the genus. It has been shown that the genus does not form a natural group.<ref name="Oyakawa"/> However, small [[monophyly|monophyletic]] groups are known to exist within the genus ''Hypostomus'', such as the ''H. unicolor'' group and the ''H. cochliodon'' group.<ref name="Armbruster2007"/> ''Aphanotorulus'', ''Isorineloricaria'', and ''Squaliforma'' are considered separate genera by some authors based on molecular information.<ref name="Zawadzki"/>


Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed that within this group, the [[chromosome number|diploid number]] ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity that the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus ''Hypostomus'', and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Comparative cytogenetic analysis of eleven species of subfamilies Neoplecostominae and Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)|first=Anderson Luís|last=Alves|author2=Oliveira, Claudio |author3=Foresti |journal=Genetica|year=2005|volume=124|pages=127–136|doi=10.1007/s10709-004-7561-4|pmid=16134327|issue=2–3}}</ref>
Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed that within this group, the [[chromosome number|diploid number]] ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity that the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus ''Hypostomus'', and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Comparative cytogenetic analysis of eleven species of subfamilies Neoplecostominae and Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)|author=Alves, A.L., Oliveira, C. & Foresti, F. |journal=Genetica,|year=2005|volume=124|pages=127–136|issue=2–3}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
''Hypostomus'' species originate from [[fresh water|freshwater]] habitats of [[South America]] and the Caribbean island of [[Trinidad]]. They are found throughout most of the range of loricariids except for drainages west of the [[Atrato River]] (northwest [[Colombia]]). They are essentially ubiquitous throughout their range.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/> Maximum diversity in number of species of ''Hypostomus'' occurs in rivers of the [[Paraná River|Paraná]]-[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]] system.<ref name="Oyakawa">{{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/zt00921.pdf|title=Review of the genus ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède, 1803 from rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, with description of a new species (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae)|first=Osvaldo T.|last=Oyakawa|last2=Akama|first2= Alberto|last3= Zanata|first3= Angela M.|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=921|pages=1–27|year=2005|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-06-23}}</ref>
''Hypostomus'' species originate from [[fresh water|freshwater]] habitats of [[South America]] and the Caribbean island of [[Trinidad]]. They are found throughout most of the range of loricariids except for drainages west of the [[Atrato River]] (northwest [[Colombia]]). They are essentially ubiquitous throughout their range.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/> Maximum diversity in number of species of ''Hypostomus'' occurs in rivers of the [[Paraná River|Paraná]]-[[Paraguay River|Paraguay]] system.<ref name="Oyakawa">{{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/zt00921.pdf|title=Review of the genus ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède, 1803 from rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, with description of a new species (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae)|author=Oyakawa, O.T., Akama, A. & Zanata, A.M.|journal=[[Zootaxa]],|volume=921|pages=1–27|year=2005}}</ref>


''Hypostomus'' species are found in almost all aquatic habitats, from large rivers to small rivulets.<ref name="Zawadzki2sp">{{cite journal|title=Two new species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Central Brazil|first=Cláudio H.|last=Zawadzki|author2=Weber, Claude |author3=Pavanelli, Carla S. |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology|volume=6|issue=3|pages=403–412|year=2008|doi=10.1590/S1679-62252008000300013}}</ref> The typical habitat would be relatively fast moving water over a shallow gravel bed. Most species are lowland, sluggish stream- and lake-dwellers usually found associated with submerged wood; however, many species may be found among rocks in piedmont to mountain streams with moderate to swift flow. Members of Hypostomus may be found over a range of substrates such mud, detritus, gravel, and sand.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/> Many species spawn in hollows dug into mud banks or within hollow logs.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/>
''Hypostomus'' species are found in almost all aquatic habitats, from large rivers to small rivulets.<ref name="Zawadzki2sp">{{cite journal|title=Two new species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Central Brazil|author=Zawadzki, C.H., Weber, C. & Pavanelli, C.S. |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology,|volume=6|issue=3|pages=403–412|year=2008}}</ref> The typical habitat would be relatively fast moving water over a shallow gravel bed. Most species are lowland, sluggish stream- and lake-dwellers usually found associated with submerged wood; however, many species may be found among rocks in piedmont to mountain streams with moderate to swift flow. Members of Hypostomus may be found over a range of substrates such mud, detritus, gravel, and sand.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/> Many species spawn in hollows dug into mud banks or within hollow logs.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/>


==Description and ecology==
==Description and ecology==
As in all loricariids, ''Hypostomus'' species have a [[suckermouth]]. They use their mouth as well as the [[pectoral fin|pectoral]], [[pelvic fin|pelvic]], and [[caudal fin]] areas, to interact with the rocky river-bottom. The comb-toothed inferior mouth of the ''Hypostomus'' is able to grasp green algae on the river bottom. With the help of the suckermouth, which anchor the fishes, in conjunction with the arched design of pectoral and pelvic fin spines, they are also able to remain upright while exploring this substratum. In addition, their large, concave caudal fin is associated with fast locomotion over short distances.<ref name="Garavello">{{cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjb/v64n3b/a06v643b.pdf|last=Garavello|first=J. C.|author2=Garavello, J. P.|title=Spatial distribution and interaction of four species of the catfish genus ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède with bottom of Rio São Francisco, Canindé do São Francisco, Sergipe, Brazil (Pisces, Loricariidae, Hypostominae)|journal=Braz. J. Biol.|date=August 2004|volume=64|issue=3b|pages=103–141|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-06-23|doi=10.1590/S1519-69842004000400006}}</ref>
As in all loricariids, ''Hypostomus'' species have a [[suckermouth]]. They use their mouth as well as the [[pectoral fin|pectoral]], [[pelvic fin|pelvic]], and [[caudal fin]] areas, to interact with the rocky river-bottom. The comb-toothed inferior mouth of the ''Hypostomus'' is able to grasp green algae on the river bottom. With the help of the suckermouth, which anchor the fishes, in conjunction with the arched design of pectoral and pelvic fin spines, they are also able to remain upright while exploring this substratum. In addition, their large, concave caudal fin is associated with fast locomotion over short distances.<ref name="Garavello">{{cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjb/v64n3b/a06v643b.pdf|authors=Garavello, J.C. & Garavello, J.P.|title=Spatial distribution and interaction of four species of the catfish genus ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède with bottom of Rio São Francisco, Canindé do São Francisco, Sergipe, Brazil (Pisces, Loricariidae, Hypostominae)|journal=Brazilian Journal of Biology,|date=2004|volume=64|issue=3b|pages=103–141}}</ref>


Also like other loricariids, ''Hypostomus'' species exhibit plates of armor over their body.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/> The colouration among ''Hypostomus'' species varies. They may have a white ground color and black spots, or brown and spotted, or even black with red, gold, or white spots. Abdomen also varies in color from white to black and may be spotted or not.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/> The [[fish anatomy#Fins|caudal fin]] is forked with the lower lobe longer than upper. Most species have stout bodies, but some do have thinner, elongate bodies.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/>
Also like other loricariids, ''Hypostomus'' species exhibit plates of armor over their body.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/> The colouration among ''Hypostomus'' species varies. They may have a white ground color and black spots, or brown and spotted, or even black with red, gold, or white spots. Abdomen also varies in color from white to black and may be spotted or not.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/> The [[fish anatomy#Fins|caudal fin]] is forked with the lower lobe longer than upper. Most species have stout bodies, but some do have thinner, elongate bodies.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/>
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In most species, males develop hypertrophied [[odontode]]s on the leading edge of the pectoral fin spine and the end of the spine may become swollen. In some species, the males may also develop hypertrophied odontodes on the body during the breeding season.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/>
In most species, males develop hypertrophied [[odontode]]s on the leading edge of the pectoral fin spine and the end of the spine may become swollen. In some species, the males may also develop hypertrophied odontodes on the body during the breeding season.<ref name="Armbrustersite"/>


''Hypostomus'' species are well known for the ability to breathe air. This is achieved through a slightly modified stomach that is larger and thinner than in non-air breathers. To breathe air, ''Hypostomus'' must orient itself vertically.<ref name="Armbruster1998">{{cite journal|url=http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/res_area/loricariid/fish_key/Air.pdf|title=Modifications of the Digestive Tract for Holding Air in Loricariid and Scoloplacid Catfishes|journal=[[Copeia]]|year=1998|issue=3|pages=663–675|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-06-23}}</ref>
''Hypostomus'' species are well known for the ability to breathe air. This is achieved through a slightly modified stomach that is larger and thinner than in non-air breathers. To breathe air, ''Hypostomus'' must orient itself vertically.<ref name="Armbruster1998">{{cite journal|url=http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/res_area/loricariid/fish_key/Air.pdf|title=Modifications of the Digestive Tract for Holding Air in Loricariid and Scoloplacid Catfishes|authors=Armbruster, J.W.|journal=[[Copeia]],|year=1998|issue=3|pages=663–675}}</ref>


Species of the ''H. cochliodon'' group are fairly large loricariids that reach about 30&nbsp;centimetres (12&nbsp;in) [[fish measurement|SL]]. Their colouration is typically dark brown with spots generally developed over most surfaces; however, most species of this group have been observed to have a well-developed ability to alter color according to substrate. Except for ''H. sculpodon'', these species tend to have a deep body at the dorsal fin origin; this makes the body appear humped.<ref name="Armbruster2003"/>
Species of the ''H. cochliodon'' group are fairly large loricariids that reach about 30&nbsp;centimetres (12&nbsp;in) [[fish measurement|SL]]. Their colouration is typically dark brown with spots generally developed over most surfaces; however, most species of this group have been observed to have a well-developed ability to alter color according to substrate. Except for ''H. sculpodon'', these species tend to have a deep body at the dorsal fin origin; this makes the body appear humped.<ref name="Armbruster2003"/>


Along with ''[[Panaque]]'', species of the ''H. cochliodon'' group are unique among loricariids for [[xylophagy]], or the ability to digest wood, accomplished through specialized spoon-shaped teeth. In ''H. hemicochliodon'' and ''H. sculpodon'' appear to be intermediate between other species of ''Hypostomus'' and the ''H. cochilodon'' group by feeding less on wood and lacking specialized teeth; many other ''Hypostomus'' will occasionally eat wood, but wood only amounts to a very small fraction of their diet.<ref name="Armbruster2003">{{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00249.pdf|title=The species of the ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)|first=Jonathan W.|last=Armbruster|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=249|pages=1–60|year=2003|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-06-23}}</ref>
Along with ''[[Panaque]]'', species of the ''H. cochliodon'' group are unique among loricariids for [[xylophagy]], or the ability to digest wood, accomplished through specialized spoon-shaped teeth. In ''H. hemicochliodon'' and ''H. sculpodon'' appear to be intermediate between other species of ''Hypostomus'' and the ''H. cochilodon'' group by feeding less on wood and lacking specialized teeth; many other ''Hypostomus'' will occasionally eat wood, but wood only amounts to a very small fraction of their diet.<ref name="Armbruster2003">{{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2003f/zt00249.pdf|title=The species of the ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)|first=J.W.|last=Armbruster|journal=[[Zootaxa]],|volume=249|pages=1–60|year=2003}}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
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[[File:Hypostomus alatus.jpg|thumb|''[[Hypostomus alatus]]'']]
[[File:Hypostomus alatus.jpg|thumb|''[[Hypostomus alatus]]'']]
[[File:Pleco.jpg|thumb|''[[Hypostomus plecostomus]]'']]
[[File:Pleco.jpg|thumb|''[[Hypostomus plecostomus]]'']]
There are currently 144 recognized species in this genus:
There are currently 151 recognized species in this genus:
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* ''[[Hypostomus affinis]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1877)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus affinis]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1877</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus agna]]'' <small>([[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1907)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus agna]]'' <small>[[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1907</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus alatus]]'' <small>[[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1855</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus alatus]]'' <small>[[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1855</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus albopunctatus]]'' <small>([[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus albopunctatus]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ancistroides]]'' <small>([[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1911)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ancistroides]]'' <small>[[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1911</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus angipinnatus]]'' <small>([[Charles Otto Leege|Leege]], 1922)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus angipinnatus]]'' <small>[[Charles Otto Leege|Leege]], 1922</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus annectens]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1904</small> <ref name=Armbruster2015>{{cite journal |author=Armbruster, J.W., Werneke, D.C. & Tan, M. |year=2015 |title=Three new species of saddled loricariid catfishes, and a review of ''Hemiancistrus'', ''Peckoltia'', and allied genera (Siluriformes) |journal=ZooKeys, |volume=480 |pages=97–123 |url=http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4632 }}</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus arecuta]]'' <small>[[Yamila Paula Cardoso|Y. P. Cardoso]], [[Adriana Edith Almirón|Almirón]], [[Jorge Rafael Casciotta|Casciotta]], [[Danilo Ramon Aichino|Aichino]], [[Marta Susana Lizarralde|Lizarralde]] & [[Juan Ignacio Montoya-Burgos|Montoya-Burgos]], 2012</small> <ref name=Cardoso2012>Cardoso, Y.P., Almirón, A., Casciotta, J., Aichino, D., Lizarralde, M.S. & Montoya-Burgos, J.I. (2012): Origin of species diversity in the catfish genus ''Hypostomus'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) inhabiting the Paraná river basin, with the description of a new species. ''Zootaxa, 3453: 69–83.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus arecuta]]'' <small>[[Yamila Paula Cardoso|Y. P. Cardoso]], [[Adriana Edith Almirón|Almirón]], [[Jorge Rafael Casciotta|Casciotta]], [[Danilo Ramon Aichino|Aichino]], [[Marta Susana Lizarralde|Lizarralde]] & [[Juan Ignacio Montoya-Burgos|Montoya-Burgos]], 2012</small> <ref name=Cardoso2012>Cardoso, Y.P., Almirón, A., Casciotta, J., Aichino, D., Lizarralde, M.S. & Montoya-Burgos, J.I. (2012): Origin of species diversity in the catfish genus ''Hypostomus'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) inhabiting the Paraná river basin, with the description of a new species. ''Zootaxa, 3453: 69–83.''</ref>
⚫
* ''[[Hypostomus argus]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1943)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus asperatus]]'' <small>([[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1855)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus argus]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1943</small> <ref name=Armbruster2015/>
* ''[[Hypostomus aspilogaster]]'' <small>([[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1894)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus asperatus]]'' <small>[[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1855</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus atropinnis]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1890)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus aspidolepis]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1867</small> <ref name=Armbruster2015/>
* ''[[Hypostomus aspilogaster]]'' <small>[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1894</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus atropinnis]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1890</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus auroguttatus]]'' <small>[[Rudolf Kner|Kner]], 1854</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus auroguttatus]]'' <small>[[Rudolf Kner|Kner]], 1854</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus basilisko]]'' <small>[[Luiz Fernando Caserta Tencatt|Tencatt]], [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]] & [[Otávio Froehlich|Froehlich]], 2014</small> <ref name="Tencatt, Zawadzki & Froehlich2014">Tencatt, L. F. C., Zawadzki, C. H., Froehlich, O. (2014): Two new species of the ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguay basin, with a redescription of ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' Kner, 1854. ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (3): 585-602''.</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus basilisko]]'' <small>[[Luiz Fernando Caserta Tencatt|Tencatt]], [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]] & [[Otávio Froehlich|Froehlich]], 2014</small> <ref name="Tencatt, Zawadzki & Froehlich2014">Tencatt, L. F. C., Zawadzki, C. H., Froehlich, O. (2014): Two new species of the ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguay basin, with a redescription of ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' Kner, 1854. ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (3): 585-602''.</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus bolivianus]]'' <small>([[Nathan Everett Pearson|N. E. Pearson]], 1924)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus bolivianus]]'' <small>[[Nathan Everett Pearson|N. E. Pearson]], 1924</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus borellii]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1897)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus borellii]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1897</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus boulengeri]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Clarence Hamilton Kennedy|C. H. Kennedy]], 1903)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus boulengeri]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Clarence Hamilton Kennedy|C. H. Kennedy]], 1903</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus brevicauda]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus brevicauda]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus brevis]]'' <small>([[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]], 1919)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus brevis]]'' <small>[[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]], 1919</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus careopinnatus]]'' <small>[[Fernanda de Oliveira Martins|Martins]], [[Manoela Maria Ferreira Marinho|Marinho]], [[Francisco Langeani-Neto|Langeani]] & [[Jane Piton Serra Sanches|Serra]], 2012</small> <ref name=Martins2012>Martins, F.O., Marinho, M.M.F., Langeani, F. & Serra, J.P. (2012): A New Species of ''Hypostomus'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Paraguay Basin, Brazil. ''Copeia, 2012 (3): 494-500.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus careopinnatus]]'' <small>[[Fernanda de Oliveira Martins|Martins]], [[Manoela Maria Ferreira Marinho|Marinho]], [[Francisco Langeani-Neto|Langeani]] & [[Jane Piton Serra Sanches|Serra]], 2012</small> <ref name=Martins2012>Martins, F.O., Marinho, M.M.F., Langeani, F. & Serra, J.P. (2012): A New Species of ''Hypostomus'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Paraguay Basin, Brazil. ''Copeia, 2012 (3): 494-500.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus carinatus]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1881)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus carinatus]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1881</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus carvalhoi]]'' <small>([[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1937)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus carvalhoi]]'' <small>[[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1937</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus chrysostiktos]]'' <small>[[José Luis Olivan Birindelli|Birindelli]], [[Angela Maria Zanata|Zanata]] & [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]], 2007</small> <ref name="Birindelli2007">{{cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ni/v5n3/a06v5n3.pdf|title=''Hypostomus chrysostiktos'', a new species of armored catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil|first=Jose L.O.|last=Birindelli|author2=Zanata, Angela M. |author3=Lima, Flávio C.T. |journal=[[Neotropical Ichthyology]]|volume=5|pages=271–278|year=2007|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-06-23 | issue=3}}</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus chrysostiktos]]'' <small>[[José Luis Olivan Birindelli|Birindelli]], [[Angela Maria Zanata|Zanata]] & [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]], 2007</small> <ref name="Birindelli2007">{{cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ni/v5n3/a06v5n3.pdf|title=''Hypostomus chrysostiktos'', a new species of armored catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil|authors=Birindelli, J.L.O., Zanata, A.M. & Lima, F.C.T. |journal=[[Neotropical Ichthyology]],|volume=5|pages=271–278|year=2007| issue=3}}</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus cochliodon]]'' <small>[[Rudolf Kner|Kner]], 1854</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus cochliodon]]'' <small>[[Rudolf Kner|Kner]], 1854</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus commersoni]]'' <small>[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1836</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus commersoni]]'' <small>[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1836</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus commersonoides]]'' <small>([[Tomás Leandro Marini|Marini]], [[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]] & [[Francesca Raimonde La Monte|La Monte]], 1933)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus commersonoides]]'' <small>[[Tomás Leandro Marini|Marini]], [[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]] & [[Francesca Raimonde La Monte|La Monte]], 1933</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus coppenamensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1969</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus coppenamensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1969</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus corantijni]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus corantijni]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus cordovae]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1880)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus cordovae]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1880</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus crassicauda]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus crassicauda]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus dardanelos]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]] & [[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]], 2014</small> <ref name=Zawadzki2014a>Zawadzki, C.H. & Carvalho, P.H. (2014): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/niv12n01/niv12n01artigo%2004.pdf A new species of the ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Aripuanã basin in Brazil.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 43-52.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus dardanelos]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]] & [[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]], 2014</small> <ref name=Zawadzki2014a>Zawadzki, C.H. & Carvalho, P.H. (2014): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/niv12n01/niv12n01artigo%2004.pdf A new species of the ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Aripuanã basin in Brazil.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 43-52.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus delimai]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Renildo Ribeiro de Oliveira|R. R. de Oliveira]] & [[Tiago Debona|Debona]], 2013</small> <ref name=Zawadzki2013>Zawadzki, C.H., de Oliveira, R.R. & Debona, T. (2013): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/NIv11n01/v11n1a08.pdf A new species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tocantins-Araguaia basin, Brazil.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (1): 73-80.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus delimai]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Renildo Ribeiro de Oliveira|R. R. de Oliveira]] & [[Tiago Debona|Debona]], 2013</small> <ref name=Zawadzki2013>Zawadzki, C.H., de Oliveira, R.R. & Debona, T. (2013): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/NIv11n01/v11n1a08.pdf A new species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tocantins-Araguaia basin, Brazil.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (1): 73-80.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus denticulatus]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Carla Simone Pavanelli|Pavanelli]], 2008</small> <ref name="Zawadzki2sp"/>
* ''[[Hypostomus denticulatus]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Carla Simone Pavanelli|Pavanelli]], 2008</small> <ref name="Zawadzki2sp"/>
* ''[[Hypostomus derbyi]]'' <small>([[John Diederich Haseman|Haseman]], 1911)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus derbyi]]'' <small>[[John Diederich Haseman|Haseman]], 1911</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus dlouhyi]]'' <small>([[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 1985)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus dlouhyi]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 1985</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus eptingi]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1941)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus eptingi]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1941</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ericae]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ericae]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ericius]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ericius]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus faveolus]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[José Luis Olivan Birindelli|Birindelli]] & [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]], 2008</small> <ref name="Zawadzki"/>
* ''[[Hypostomus faveolus]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[José Luis Olivan Birindelli|Birindelli]] & [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]], 2008</small> <ref name="Zawadzki"/>
* ''[[Hypostomus fluviatilis]]'' <small>([[Otto Schubart|Schubart]], 1964)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus fluviatilis]]'' <small>[[Otto Schubart|Schubart]], 1964</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus fonchii]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Juan Ignacio Montoya-Burgos|Montoya-Burgos]], 2002</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus fonchii]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Juan Ignacio Montoya-Burgos|Montoya-Burgos]], 2002</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus francisci]]'' <small>([[Christian Frederik Lütken|Lütken]], 1874)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus francisci]]'' <small>[[Christian Frederik Lütken|Lütken]], 1874</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus garmani]]'' <small>([[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1904)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus garmani]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1904</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus goyazensis]]'' <small>([[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus goyazensis]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus gymnorhynchus]]'' <small>([[John Roxborough Norman|Norman]], 1926)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus gymnorhynchus]]'' <small>[[John Roxborough Norman|Norman]], 1926</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus hemicochliodon]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus hemicochliodon]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus hemiurus]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]], 1912)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus hemiurus]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]], 1912</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus heraldoi]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Carla Simone Pavanelli|Pavanelli]], 2008</small> <ref name="Zawadzki2sp"/>
* ''[[Hypostomus heraldoi]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Carla Simone Pavanelli|Pavanelli]], 2008</small> <ref name="Zawadzki2sp"/>
* ''[[Hypostomus hermanni]]'' <small>([[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1905)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus hermanni]]'' <small>[[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1905</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus hondae]]'' <small>([[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1912)</small>
* ''[[‘Hypostomus’ holostictus]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1913</small> <ref name=Armbruster2015/>
* ''[[Hypostomus hondae]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1912</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus hoplonites]]'' <small>[[Lúcia Helena Rapp Py-Daniel|Rapp Py-Daniel]], 1988</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus hoplonites]]'' <small>[[Lúcia Helena Rapp Py-Daniel|Rapp Py-Daniel]], 1988</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus iheringii]]'' <small>([[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus iheringii]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus interruptus]]'' <small>([[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1918)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus interruptus]]'' <small>[[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1918</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus isbrueckeri]]'' <small>[[Roberto Esser dos Reis|R. E. dos Reis]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Luiz Roberto Malabarba|L. R. Malabarba]], 1990</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus isbrueckeri]]'' <small>[[Roberto Esser dos Reis|R. E. dos Reis]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Luiz Roberto Malabarba|L. R. Malabarba]], 1990</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus itacua]]'' <small>[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1836</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus itacua]]'' <small>[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1836</small> (''[[incertae sedis]]'') <ref name=Armbruster2015/>
* ''[[Hypostomus jaguar]]'' <small>[[Angela Maria Zanata|Zanata]], [[Byanca Sardeiro Bezerra|Sardeiro]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2013</small> <ref name=Zanata2013>Zanata, A.M., Sardeiro, B. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2013): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/ni-v11n2/v11n2a02.pdf A new dark-dotted species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2): 247-256.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus jaguar]]'' <small>[[Angela Maria Zanata|Zanata]], [[Byanca Sardeiro Bezerra|Sardeiro]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2013</small> <ref name=Zanata2013>Zanata, A.M., Sardeiro, B. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2013): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/ni-v11n2/v11n2a02.pdf A new dark-dotted species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2): 247-256.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus jaguribensis]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1915)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus jaguribensis]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1915</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus johnii]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1877)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus johnii]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1877</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus khimaera]]'' <small>[[Luiz Fernando Caserta Tencatt|Tencatt]], [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]] & [[Otávio Froehlich|Froehlich]], 2014</small> <ref name="Tencatt, Zawadzki & Froehlich2014">Tencatt, L. F. C., Zawadzki, C. H., Froehlich, O. (2014): Two new species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguay basin, with a redescription of Hypostomus cochliodon Kner, 1854. ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (3): 585-602''.''.</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus khimaera]]'' <small>[[Luiz Fernando Caserta Tencatt|Tencatt]], [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]] & [[Otávio Froehlich|Froehlich]], 2014</small> <ref name="Tencatt, Zawadzki & Froehlich2014">Tencatt, L. F. C., Zawadzki, C. H., Froehlich, O. (2014): Two new species of the ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguay basin, with a redescription of ''Hypostomus cochliodon'' Kner, 1854. ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (3): 585-602''.''.</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus kopeyaka]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]], [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2010</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus kopeyaka]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]], [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2010</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus kuarup]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[José Luis Olivan Birindelli|Birindelli]] & [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]], 2012</small> <ref name=Zawadzki2012>Zawadzki, C.H., Birindelli, J.L.O. & Lima, F.C.T. (2012): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/v10%282%29/v10n2a03.pdf A new armored catfish species of the genus ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 245-253.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus kuarup]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[José Luis Olivan Birindelli|Birindelli]] & [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]], 2012</small> <ref name=Zawadzki2012>Zawadzki, C.H., Birindelli, J.L.O. & Lima, F.C.T. (2012): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/v10%282%29/v10n2a03.pdf A new armored catfish species of the genus ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 245-253.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus laplatae]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]], 1907)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus laplatae]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]], 1907</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus latifrons]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 1986</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus latifrons]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 1986</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus latirostris]]'' <small>([[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1904)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus latirostris]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1904</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus levis]]'' <small>([[Nathan Everett Pearson|N. E. Pearson]], 1924)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus levis]]'' <small>[[Nathan Everett Pearson|N. E. Pearson]], 1924</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus lexi]]'' <small>([[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1911)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus lexi]]'' <small>[[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1911</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus lima]]'' <small>([[Christian Frederik Lütken|Lütken]], 1874)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus lima]]'' <small>[[Christian Frederik Lütken|Lütken]], 1874</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus limosus]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus limosus]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus longiradiatus]]'' <small>([[Maximillian Holly|Holly]], 1929)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus longiradiatus]]'' <small>[[Maximillian Holly|Holly]], 1929</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus luetkeni]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1877)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus luetkeni]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1877</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus luteomaculatus]]'' <small>([[Garibaldi José Devincenzi|Devincenzi]], 1942)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus luteomaculatus]]'' <small>[[Garibaldi José Devincenzi|Devincenzi]], 1942</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus luteus]]'' <small>([[Manuel Pereira de Godoy|Godoy]] ([[:pt:Manuel Pereira de Godoy|pt]]), 1980)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus luteus]]'' <small>[[Manuel Pereira de Godoy|Godoy]] ([[:pt:Manuel Pereira de Godoy|pt]]), 1980</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus macrophthalmus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus macrophthalmus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus macrops]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus macrops]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus macushi]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]] & [[Lesley Sales de Souza|L. S. de Souza]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus macushi]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]] & [[Lesley Sales de Souza|L. S. de Souza]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus margaritifer]]'' <small>([[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus maracaiboensis]]'' <small>[[Leonard Peter Schultz|L. P. Schultz]], 1944</small> <ref name=Armbruster2015/>
* ''[[Hypostomus meleagris]]'' <small>([[Tomás Leandro Marini|Marini]], [[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]] & [[Francesca Raimonde La Monte|La Monte]], 1933)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus margaritifer]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus meleagris]]'' <small>[[Tomás Leandro Marini|Marini]], [[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]] & [[Francesca Raimonde La Monte|La Monte]], 1933</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus micromaculatus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus micromaculatus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
|
|
* ''[[Hypostomus microstomus]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 1987</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus microstomus]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 1987</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus multidens]]'' <small>[[Fernando Camargo Jerep|Jerep]], [[Oscar Akio Shibatta|Shibatta]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2007</small> <ref>{{cite journal | title=A new species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacepede, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Parana basin, southern Brazil |last=Jerep | author2=Shibatta | author3= Zawadzki |journal=[[Neotropical Ichthyology]]|volume=5|pages=435–442|year=2007 | issue=4 | doi=10.1590/S1679-62252007000400002 | first1=Fernando C.}}</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus multidens]]'' <small>[[Fernando Camargo Jerep|Jerep]], [[Oscar Akio Shibatta|Shibatta]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2007</small> <ref>{{cite journal | title=A new species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacepede, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Parana basin, southern Brazil |authors=Jerep, F.C., Shibatta, O.K. & Zawadzki, C.H. |journal=[[Neotropical Ichthyology]],|volume=5|pages=435–442|year=2007 | issue=4 }}</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus mutucae]]'' <small>[[Joachim Knaack|Knaack]], 1999</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus mutucae]]'' <small>[[Joachim Knaack|Knaack]], 1999</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus myersi]]'' <small>([[William Alonzo Gosline III|Gosline]], 1947)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus myersi]]'' <small>[[William Alonzo Gosline III|Gosline]], 1947</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus nematopterus]]'' <small>[[Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker|Isbrücker]] & [[Han Nijssen|Nijssen]], 1984</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus nematopterus]]'' <small>[[Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker|Isbrücker]] & [[Han Nijssen|Nijssen]], 1984</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus niceforoi]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1943)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus niceforoi]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1943</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus nickeriensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1969</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus nickeriensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1969</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus niger]]'' <small>([[Tomás Leandro Marini|Marini]], [[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]] & [[Francesca Raimonde La Monte|La Monte]], 1933)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus niger]]'' <small>[[Tomás Leandro Marini|Marini]], [[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]] & [[Francesca Raimonde La Monte|La Monte]], 1933</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus nigromaculatus]]'' <small>([[Otto Schubart|Schubart]], 1964)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus nigromaculatus]]'' <small>[[Otto Schubart|Schubart]], 1964</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus nigropunctatus]]'' <small>[[Júlio César Garavello|Garavello]], [[Heraldo Antonio Britski|Britski]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2012</small> <ref name=Garavello2012>Garavello, J.C., Britski, H.A. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2012): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/v10%282%29/v10n2a05.pdf The cascudos of the genus ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 263-283.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus nigropunctatus]]'' <small>[[Júlio César Garavello|Garavello]], [[Heraldo Antonio Britski|Britski]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2012</small> <ref name=Garavello2012>Garavello, J.C., Britski, H.A. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2012): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/v10%282%29/v10n2a05.pdf The cascudos of the genus ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 263-283.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus nudiventris]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1941)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus nudiventris]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1941</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus obtusirostris]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1907)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus obtusirostris]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1907</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus occidentalis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus occidentalis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus oculeus]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1943)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus oculeus]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1943</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pagei]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pagei]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus panamensis]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]], 1922</small> <ref name=Armbruster2015/>
* ''[[Hypostomus pantherinus]]'' <small>[[Rudolf Kner|Kner]], 1854</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pantherinus]]'' <small>[[Rudolf Kner|Kner]], 1854</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus papariae]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1941)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus papariae]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1941</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus paranensis]]'' <small>[[Hendrik Weyenbergh|Weyenbergh]] ([[:de:Hendrik Weyenbergh|de]]), 1877</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus paranensis]]'' <small>[[Hendrik Weyenbergh|Weyenbergh]] ([[:de:Hendrik Weyenbergh|de]]), 1877</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus paucimaculatus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus paucimaculatus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus paucipunctatus]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus paucipunctatus]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus paulinus]]'' <small>([[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1905)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus paulinus]]'' <small>[[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1905</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus peckoltoides]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Carla Simone Pavanelli|Pavanelli]], 2010</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus peckoltoides]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Carla Simone Pavanelli|Pavanelli]], 2010</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus perdido]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Luiz Fernando Caserta Tencatt|Tencatt]] & [[Otávio Froehlich|Froehlich]], 2014</small> <ref name=Zawadzki2014b>Zawadzki, C.H., Tencatt, L.F.C. & Froehlich, O. (2014): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/niv12n01/niv12n01artigo%2010.pdf A new unicuspid-toothed species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguai basin.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 97-104.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus perdido]]'' <small>[[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], [[Luiz Fernando Caserta Tencatt|Tencatt]] & [[Otávio Froehlich|Froehlich]], 2014</small> <ref name=Zawadzki2014b>Zawadzki, C.H., Tencatt, L.F.C. & Froehlich, O. (2014): [http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/niv12n01/niv12n01artigo%2010.pdf A new unicuspid-toothed species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguai basin.] ''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 97-104.''</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus piratatu]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 1986</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus piratatu]]'' <small>[[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 1986</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus plecostomoides]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]], 1922)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus plecostomoides]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]], 1922</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus plecostomus]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small> (Suckermouth catfish)
* ''[[Hypostomus plecostomus]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758</small> (Suckermouth catfish)
* ''[[Hypostomus pospisili]]'' <small>([[Leonard Peter Schultz|L. P. Schultz]], 1944)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pospisili]]'' <small>[[Leonard Peter Schultz|L. P. Schultz]], 1944</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pseudohemiurus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pseudohemiurus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus punctatus]]'' <small>[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1840</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus punctatus]]'' <small>[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1840</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pusarum]]'' <small>([[Edwin Chapin Starks|Starks]], 1913)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pusarum]]'' <small>[[Edwin Chapin Starks|Starks]], 1913</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pyrineusi]]'' <small>([[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1920)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus pyrineusi]]'' <small>[[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1920</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus regani]]'' <small>([[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1905)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus regani]]'' <small>[[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1905</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus rhantos]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], [[Leigh A. Tansey|Tansey]] & [[Nathan Keller Lujan|Lujan]], 2007</small> <ref name="Armbruster2007">{{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01553p068.pdf|title=''Hypostomus rhantos'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a new species from southern Venezuela|first=Jonathan W.|last=Armbruster|author2=Tansey, Leigh A. |author3=Lujan, Nathan K. |journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1553|pages=59–68|year=2007|format=PDF|accessdate=2009-06-23}}</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus rhantos]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], [[Leigh A. Tansey|Tansey]] & [[Nathan Keller Lujan|Lujan]], 2007</small> <ref name="Armbruster2007">{{cite journal|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01553p068.pdf|title=''Hypostomus rhantos'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a new species from southern Venezuela|authors=Armbruster, J.W., Tansey, L.A. & Lujan, N.K. |journal=[[Zootaxa]],|volume=1553|pages=59–68|year=2007}}</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus robinii]]'' <small>[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1840</small> (Teta)
* ''[[Hypostomus robinii]]'' <small>[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1840</small> (Teta)
* ''[[Hypostomus rondoni]]'' <small>([[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1912)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus rondoni]]'' <small>[[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1912</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus roseopunctatus]]'' <small>[[Roberto Esser dos Reis|R. E. dos Reis]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Luiz Roberto Malabarba|L. R. Malabarba]], 1990</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus roseopunctatus]]'' <small>[[Roberto Esser dos Reis|R. E. dos Reis]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Luiz Roberto Malabarba|L. R. Malabarba]], 1990</small>
⚫
* ''[[Hypostomus salgadae]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1941</small> <ref name=Armbruster2015/>
* ''[[Hypostomus saramaccensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus saramaccensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus scabriceps]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus scabriceps]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus scaphyceps]]'' <small>([[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]], 1919)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus scaphyceps]]'' <small>[[John Treadwell Nichols|Nichols]], 1919</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus sculpodon]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus sculpodon]]'' <small>[[Jonathan W. Armbruster|Armbruster]], 2003</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus seminudus]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus seminudus]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus simios]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus simios]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus sipaliwinii]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus sipaliwinii]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus soniae]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus soniae]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus strigaticeps]]'' <small>([[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus strigaticeps]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1908</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus subcarinatus]]'' <small>[[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1855</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus subcarinatus]]'' <small>[[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1855</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus surinamensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus surinamensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus tapanahoniensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1969</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus tapanahoniensis]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1969</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus taphorni]]'' <small>([[Craig Gustav Lilyestrom|Lilyestrom]], 1984)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus taphorni]]'' <small>[[Craig Gustav Lilyestrom|Lilyestrom]], 1984</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus tapijara]]'' <small>[[Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa|Oyakawa]], [[Alberto Akama|Akama]] & [[Angela Maria Zanata|Zanata]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus tapijara]]'' <small>[[Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa|Oyakawa]], [[Alberto Akama|Akama]] & [[Angela Maria Zanata|Zanata]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ternetzi]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1895)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ternetzi]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1895</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus tietensis]]'' <small>([[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1905)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus tietensis]]'' <small>[[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1905</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus topavae]]'' <small>([[Manuel Pereira de Godoy|Godoy]] ([[:pt:Manuel Pereira de Godoy|pt]]), 1969)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus topavae]]'' <small>[[Manuel Pereira de Godoy|Godoy]] ([[:pt:Manuel Pereira de Godoy|pt]]), 1969</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus unae]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1878)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus unae]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1878</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus uruguayensis]]'' <small>[[Roberto Esser dos Reis|R. E. dos Reis]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Luiz Roberto Malabarba|L. R. Malabarba]], 1990</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus uruguayensis]]'' <small>[[Roberto Esser dos Reis|R. E. dos Reis]], [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]] & [[Luiz Roberto Malabarba|L. R. Malabarba]], 1990</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus vaillanti]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1877)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus vaillanti]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1877</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus variipictus]]'' <small>([[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1911)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus variipictus]]'' <small>[[Rudolpho Theodor Wilhelm Gaspar von Ihering|R. Ihering]] ([[:pt:Rodolpho von Ihering|pt]]), 1911</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus varimaculosus]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1945)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus varimaculosus]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1945</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus variostictus]]'' <small>([[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1912)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus variostictus]]'' <small>[[Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro|A. Miranda-Ribeiro]], 1912</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus ventromaculatus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small> (Wara wara)
* ''[[Hypostomus ventromaculatus]]'' <small>[[Marinus Boeseman|Boeseman]], 1968</small> (Wara wara)
* ''[[Hypostomus vermicularis]]'' <small>([[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus vermicularis]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]] & [[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|R. S. Eigenmann]], 1888</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus waiampi]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus waiampi]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]] & [[Claude Weber|C. Weber]], 2005</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus watwata]]'' <small>[[John Hancock (ornithologist)|Hancock]], 1828</small> (Armored catfish)
* ''[[Hypostomus watwata]]'' <small>[[John Hancock (ornithologist)|Hancock]], 1828</small> (Armored catfish)
* ''[[Hypostomus weberi]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]], [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2010</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus weberi]]'' <small>[[Pedro Hollanda Carvalho|Hollanda Carvalho]], [[Flávio César Thadeo de Lima|F. C. T. Lima]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2010</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus winzi]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1945)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus wilsoni]]'' <small>[[Carl H. Eigenmann|C. H. Eigenmann]], 1918</small> <ref name=Armbruster2015/>
* ''[[Hypostomus wuchereri]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864)</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus winzi]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1945</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus wuchereri]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864</small>
* ''[[Hypostomus yaku]]'' <small>[[Fernanda de Oliveira Martins|Martins]], [[Francisco Langeani-Neto|Langeani]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2014</small> <ref name=Martins2014>{{cite journal |author=Martins, F.O., Langeani, F. & Zawadzki, C.H. |year=2014 |title=A new spiny species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology, |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages= 729–736 |url=http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/niv12n04/NI-2014-0035.pdf }}</ref>
* ''[[Hypostomus yaku]]'' <small>[[Fernanda de Oliveira Martins|Martins]], [[Francisco Langeani-Neto|Langeani]] & [[Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2014</small> <ref name=Martins2014>{{cite journal |author=Martins, F.O., Langeani, F. & Zawadzki, C.H. |year=2014 |title=A new spiny species of ''Hypostomus'' Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil |journal=Neotropical Ichthyology, |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages= 729–736 |url=http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/niv12n04/NI-2014-0035.pdf }}</ref>
|}
|}


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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[[Category:Fish of South America]]
[[Category:Fish of South America]]
[[Category:Edible fish]]
[[Category:Edible fish]]

{{Loricariidae-stub}}

Revision as of 18:27, 10 April 2015

Hypostomus
Hypostomus sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Siluriformes
Family:
Loricariidae
Subfamily:
Hypostominae
Genus:
Hypostomus

Type species
Hypostomus guacari
Lacepède, 1803
Synonyms

Plecostomus Gronovius, 1754
Cochliodon Heckel, 1854
Cheiridodus Eigenmann, 1922
Watawata Isbrücker & Michels, 2001

Hypostomus is the largest genus of armored catfish. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. There is a lot of confusion as to the precise taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Hypostomus is the only genus in the tribe Hypostomini of the subfamily Hypostominae, and is the type genus of Hypostominae.[1][2] The type species of Hypostomus is H. guacari.[3]

With the inclusion of Aphanotorulus, Cheiridodus, Cochliodon, Isorineloricaria, Squaliforma, and Watawata, the genus Hypostomus is by far the largest genus of Loricariidae, and the second largest genus of catfish.[4][5] However, a good way to split up the genus further is unclear.[1] Species level taxonomy of Hypostomus is still poorly known as well as the phylogenetic relationships within and of the genus. It has been shown that the genus does not form a natural group.[2] However, small monophyletic groups are known to exist within the genus Hypostomus, such as the H. unicolor group and the H. cochliodon group.[4] Aphanotorulus, Isorineloricaria, and Squaliforma are considered separate genera by some authors based on molecular information.[5]

Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed that within this group, the diploid number ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity that the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus Hypostomus, and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number.[6]

Distribution and habitat

Hypostomus species originate from freshwater habitats of South America and the Caribbean island of Trinidad. They are found throughout most of the range of loricariids except for drainages west of the Atrato River (northwest Colombia). They are essentially ubiquitous throughout their range.[1] Maximum diversity in number of species of Hypostomus occurs in rivers of the Paraná-Paraguay system.[2]

Hypostomus species are found in almost all aquatic habitats, from large rivers to small rivulets.[7] The typical habitat would be relatively fast moving water over a shallow gravel bed. Most species are lowland, sluggish stream- and lake-dwellers usually found associated with submerged wood; however, many species may be found among rocks in piedmont to mountain streams with moderate to swift flow. Members of Hypostomus may be found over a range of substrates such mud, detritus, gravel, and sand.[1] Many species spawn in hollows dug into mud banks or within hollow logs.[1]

Description and ecology

As in all loricariids, Hypostomus species have a suckermouth. They use their mouth as well as the pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fin areas, to interact with the rocky river-bottom. The comb-toothed inferior mouth of the Hypostomus is able to grasp green algae on the river bottom. With the help of the suckermouth, which anchor the fishes, in conjunction with the arched design of pectoral and pelvic fin spines, they are also able to remain upright while exploring this substratum. In addition, their large, concave caudal fin is associated with fast locomotion over short distances.[8]

Also like other loricariids, Hypostomus species exhibit plates of armor over their body.[1] The colouration among Hypostomus species varies. They may have a white ground color and black spots, or brown and spotted, or even black with red, gold, or white spots. Abdomen also varies in color from white to black and may be spotted or not.[1] The caudal fin is forked with the lower lobe longer than upper. Most species have stout bodies, but some do have thinner, elongate bodies.[1]

In most species, males develop hypertrophied odontodes on the leading edge of the pectoral fin spine and the end of the spine may become swollen. In some species, the males may also develop hypertrophied odontodes on the body during the breeding season.[1]

Hypostomus species are well known for the ability to breathe air. This is achieved through a slightly modified stomach that is larger and thinner than in non-air breathers. To breathe air, Hypostomus must orient itself vertically.[9]

Species of the H. cochliodon group are fairly large loricariids that reach about 30 centimetres (12 in) SL. Their colouration is typically dark brown with spots generally developed over most surfaces; however, most species of this group have been observed to have a well-developed ability to alter color according to substrate. Except for H. sculpodon, these species tend to have a deep body at the dorsal fin origin; this makes the body appear humped.[10]

Along with Panaque, species of the H. cochliodon group are unique among loricariids for xylophagy, or the ability to digest wood, accomplished through specialized spoon-shaped teeth. In H. hemicochliodon and H. sculpodon appear to be intermediate between other species of Hypostomus and the H. cochilodon group by feeding less on wood and lacking specialized teeth; many other Hypostomus will occasionally eat wood, but wood only amounts to a very small fraction of their diet.[10]

Species

Hypostomus commersoni
Hypostomus subcarinatus
Hypostomus asperatus
Hypostomus alatus
Hypostomus plecostomus

There are currently 151 recognized species in this genus:

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Armbruster, J.W. "Hypostomus".
  2. ^ a b c Oyakawa, O.T., Akama, A. & Zanata, A.M. (2005). "Review of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 from rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, with description of a new species (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa,. 921: 1–27.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Hypostomus". FishBase. February 2015 version.
  4. ^ a b c "Hypostomus rhantos (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a new species from southern Venezuela" (PDF). Zootaxa,. 1553: 59–68. 2007. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  5. ^ a b c "A new pale-spotted species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tocantins and rio Xingu basins in central Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology,. 6 (3): 395–402. 2008. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  6. ^ Alves, A.L., Oliveira, C. & Foresti, F. (2005). "Comparative cytogenetic analysis of eleven species of subfamilies Neoplecostominae and Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)". Genetica,. 124 (2–3): 127–136.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c Zawadzki, C.H., Weber, C. & Pavanelli, C.S. (2008). "Two new species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, Central Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology,. 6 (3): 403–412.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Spatial distribution and interaction of four species of the catfish genus Hypostomus Lacépède with bottom of Rio São Francisco, Canindé do São Francisco, Sergipe, Brazil (Pisces, Loricariidae, Hypostominae)" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Biology,. 64 (3b): 103–141. 2004. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  9. ^ "Modifications of the Digestive Tract for Holding Air in Loricariid and Scoloplacid Catfishes" (PDF). Copeia, (3): 663–675. 1998. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  10. ^ a b Armbruster, J.W. (2003). "The species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa,. 249: 1–60.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Armbruster, J.W., Werneke, D.C. & Tan, M. (2015). "Three new species of saddled loricariid catfishes, and a review of Hemiancistrus, Peckoltia, and allied genera (Siluriformes)". ZooKeys,. 480: 97–123.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Cardoso, Y.P., Almirón, A., Casciotta, J., Aichino, D., Lizarralde, M.S. & Montoya-Burgos, J.I. (2012): Origin of species diversity in the catfish genus Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) inhabiting the Paraná river basin, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3453: 69–83.
  13. ^ a b Tencatt, L. F. C., Zawadzki, C. H., Froehlich, O. (2014): Two new species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguay basin, with a redescription of Hypostomus cochliodon Kner, 1854. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (3): 585-602. Cite error: The named reference "Tencatt, Zawadzki & Froehlich2014" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  14. ^ Martins, F.O., Marinho, M.M.F., Langeani, F. & Serra, J.P. (2012): A New Species of Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Paraguay Basin, Brazil. Copeia, 2012 (3): 494-500.
  15. ^ "Hypostomus chrysostiktos, a new species of armored catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology,. 5 (3): 271–278. 2007. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  16. ^ Zawadzki, C.H. & Carvalho, P.H. (2014): A new species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Aripuanã basin in Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 43-52.
  17. ^ Zawadzki, C.H., de Oliveira, R.R. & Debona, T. (2013): A new species of Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tocantins-Araguaia basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (1): 73-80.
  18. ^ Zanata, A.M., Sardeiro, B. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2013): A new dark-dotted species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2): 247-256.
  19. ^ Zawadzki, C.H., Birindelli, J.L.O. & Lima, F.C.T. (2012): A new armored catfish species of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 245-253.
  20. ^ "A new species of Hypostomus Lacepede, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Parana basin, southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology,. 5 (4): 435–442. 2007. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  21. ^ Garavello, J.C., Britski, H.A. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2012): The cascudos of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 263-283.
  22. ^ Zawadzki, C.H., Tencatt, L.F.C. & Froehlich, O. (2014): A new unicuspid-toothed species of Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paraguai basin. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 97-104.
  23. ^ Martins, F.O., Langeani, F. & Zawadzki, C.H. (2014). "A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology,. 12 (4): 729–736.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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