Jaldessa: Difference between revisions
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The farm lands of Jaldesa and nearby Balawa are entirely inhabited by the Gurgura tribe. According to folklore, the Gurgura battled with the Ottomans in this district during the 1500s AD. |
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|image_caption =Jaldessa in 1885 |
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'''Jaldessa''' |
'''Jaldessa''' (also transliterated '''Jeldessa''', '''Gildessa''', '''Guildessa''', '''Gheldessa''') is a village in eastern [[Ethiopia]]. Located in the [[Shinile Zone]] of the [[Somali Region]] of [[Ethiopia]]. |
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The [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] has not published an estimate for the population of this village. It is located in [[Shinile (woreda)|Shinile]] [[woreda]]. |
The [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] has not published an estimate for the population of this village. It is located in [[Shinile (woreda)|Shinile]] [[woreda]]. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Ugaas Rooble.png|thumb|left| |
[[File:Ugaas Rooble.png|thumb|left|200px|Issa Ugaas Rooble pictured with his nephew Jardon in 1885]] |
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In its early history the area of Jaldessa was part of the [[Emirate of Harar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ben-Dror |first1=Avishai |title=Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth-Century Harar |publisher=Syracuse University Press |page=100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3N0DwAAQBAJ&dq=The+original+boundaries+of+the+Harar+emirate+were+as+follows:+from+the+coast%E2%80%94Gildessa%3B+from+the+northeas&pg=PA100}}</ref> W.C. Barker, writing in 1842, mentions it as a stopping place in the territory of the [[Barento|Nole Oromo]], on the caravan route between [[Zeila]] and [[Harar]].<ref>Barker, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1798000 "Extract Report on the Probable Geographical Position of Harrar; With Some Information Relative to the Various Tribes in the Vicinity", ''Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London''], 12 (1842), p. 244</ref> |
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===Early Modern=== |
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The present-day town of Jaldessa (45 km north of [[Harar]]), was founded in 1875 by the Egyptians who set up a fort to secure supply from the coast and stationed a contingent of [[Sudan]]ese soldiers with an Egyptian officer. Jaldessa then became an important station along the trade route between [[Harar]] and the [[Red Sea]] coast.<ref>[[Richard Pankhurst (academic)|Richard Pankhurst]], ''Economic History of Ethiopia'' (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press, 1968), p. 408</ref> A market was set up and people built huts around the station, which was fortified with stones and hedgerows, the [[Somalis|Somali]] on one side and the [[Oromo people|Oromo]] on the other. Jaldesa, Balawa, and the fertile region of this district are inhabited by Gurgura farmers. They are fiercely independent and were the only tribe to recount battling with the Ottomans in the nearby hills in the 1500s AD. In the 1990s this area was dominated by the Gurgura Liberation Front. Its population increased to 1,500 and doubled or tripled on market days. After the [[Egyptians|Egyptian]]s left [[Harar]] in 1885, Britain took possession of Jaldessa and stationed a garrison of 19 [[India|Indian]]s and 20 [[Somalis]], however, these soldiers were soon imprisoned by the troops of [['Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur|Amir Abdullahi]] who took control of the area. The party of Italian explorer Count [[Pietro Porro]] was ambushed and slaughtered at Jaldessa in April 1886, which provided [[Menelik II of Ethiopia|Menelik II]] of [[Shewa]] with an excuse to attack Harar.<ref>Bahru Zewde, ''A history of modern Ethiopia'', second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), p. 63</ref> Between the Shewan victory at [[Battle of Chelenqo|Chelenqo]] and the foundation of [[Dire Dawa]], Jaldessa was the seat of the various governors, such as the [[Armenia]]n Sarkis Terzian and later [[Ato Mersha Nahusenay]]. The opening of the [[Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway]] and the birth of Dire Dawa diminished the strategic importance of Jaldessa.<ref>[http://www.dire-dawa.gov.et/Index/Default.aspx?CatID=3 "The municipality and Development of Urban Services"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916005452/http://www.dire-dawa.gov.et/Index/Default.aspx?CatID=3 |date=2009-09-16 }}, Dire Dawa Administration website (accessed 6 September 2009)</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Early in the [[Ogaden War]], Jaldessa was captured by Gurgura [[Somalia|Somali]] units as they closed in on Dire Dawa; it was recaptured 4 February 1978 by the Ethiopian Ninth Division with [[Cubans|Cuban]] tank and artillery shock troops.<ref>Gebru Tareke, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097438 "The Ethiopia-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited," ''International Journal of African Historical Studies''], 2000 (33), p. 657</ref> |
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===Modern=== |
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| ⚫ | Early in the [[Ogaden War]], Jaldessa was captured by [[Somalia|Somali]] units as they closed in on Dire Dawa; it was recaptured 4 February 1978 by the Ethiopian Ninth Division with [[Cubans|Cuban]] tank and artillery shock troops.<ref>Gebru Tareke, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097438 "The Ethiopia-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited," ''International Journal of African Historical Studies''], 2000 (33), p. 657</ref> |
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In 2008, the [[Ethiopia-United States relations|United States of America]] selected Jaldessa as one of seven locations where servicemen of the [[Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa]] worked with Ethiopian veterinarians to vaccinate more than 20,000 animals: cattle were inoculated against [[blackleg (disease)|blackleg]] and [[anthrax]], while sheep and goats were inoculated against [[Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia|contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia]] and [[peste des petits ruminants]].<ref>[http://ethiopia.usembassy.gov/vetcapnews.html "Ambassador Joins CJTF-HOA Team to Promote Ethiopian Livestock Health"], U.S. Embassy in Ethiopia website (accessed 6 September 2009)</ref> |
In 2008, the [[Ethiopia-United States relations|United States of America]] selected Jaldessa as one of seven locations where servicemen of the [[Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa]] worked with Ethiopian veterinarians to vaccinate more than 20,000 animals: cattle were inoculated against [[blackleg (disease)|blackleg]] and [[anthrax]], while sheep and goats were inoculated against [[Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia|contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia]] and [[peste des petits ruminants]].<ref>[http://ethiopia.usembassy.gov/vetcapnews.html "Ambassador Joins CJTF-HOA Team to Promote Ethiopian Livestock Health"], U.S. Embassy in Ethiopia website (accessed 6 September 2009)</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 23:52, 9 February 2024
Jaldessa | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Jaldessa in 1885 | |
  Jaldessa Location in Ethiopia | |
| Coordinates: 09°43′00″N 42°08′00″E / 9.71667°N 42.13333°E | |
| Country |  Ethiopia |
| Region | Somali Region |
| District | Sitti Zone |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
| Climate | BSh |
Jaldessa (also transliterated Jeldessa, Gildessa, Guildessa, Gheldessa) is a village in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Shinile Zone of the Somali Region of Ethiopia.
The Central Statistical Agency has not published an estimate for the population of this village. It is located in Shinile woreda.
History
[edit]
In its early history the area of Jaldessa was part of the Emirate of Harar.[1] W.C. Barker, writing in 1842, mentions it as a stopping place in the territory of the Nole Oromo, on the caravan route between Zeila and Harar.[2]
The present-day town of Jaldessa (45 km north of Harar), was founded in 1875 by the Egyptians who set up a fort to secure supply from the coast and stationed a contingent of Sudanese soldiers with an Egyptian officer. Jaldessa then became an important station along the trade route between Harar and the Red Sea coast.[3] A market was set up and people built huts around the station, which was fortified with stones and hedgerows, the Somali on one side and the Oromo on the other. Jaldesa, Balawa, and the fertile region of this district are inhabited by Gurgura farmers. They are fiercely independent and were the only tribe to recount battling with the Ottomans in the nearby hills in the 1500s AD. In the 1990s this area was dominated by the Gurgura Liberation Front. Its population increased to 1,500 and doubled or tripled on market days. After the Egyptians left Harar in 1885, Britain took possession of Jaldessa and stationed a garrison of 19 Indians and 20 Somalis, however, these soldiers were soon imprisoned by the troops of Amir Abdullahi who took control of the area. The party of Italian explorer Count Pietro Porro was ambushed and slaughtered at Jaldessa in April 1886, which provided Menelik II of Shewa with an excuse to attack Harar.[4] Between the Shewan victory at Chelenqo and the foundation of Dire Dawa, Jaldessa was the seat of the various governors, such as the Armenian Sarkis Terzian and later Ato Mersha Nahusenay. The opening of the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway and the birth of Dire Dawa diminished the strategic importance of Jaldessa.[5]
Early in the Ogaden War, Jaldessa was captured by Gurgura Somali units as they closed in on Dire Dawa; it was recaptured 4 February 1978 by the Ethiopian Ninth Division with Cuban tank and artillery shock troops.[6]
In 2008, the United States of America selected Jaldessa as one of seven locations where servicemen of the Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa worked with Ethiopian veterinarians to vaccinate more than 20,000 animals: cattle were inoculated against blackleg and anthrax, while sheep and goats were inoculated against contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia and peste des petits ruminants.[7]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Ben-Dror, Avishai. Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth-Century Harar. Syracuse University Press. p. 100.
- ^ Barker, "Extract Report on the Probable Geographical Position of Harrar; With Some Information Relative to the Various Tribes in the Vicinity", Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 12 (1842), p. 244
- ^ Richard Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press, 1968), p. 408
- ^ Bahru Zewde, A history of modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), p. 63
- ^ "The municipality and Development of Urban Services" Archived 2009-09-16 at the Wayback Machine, Dire Dawa Administration website (accessed 6 September 2009)
- ^ Gebru Tareke, "The Ethiopia-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited," International Journal of African Historical Studies, 2000 (33), p. 657
- ^ "Ambassador Joins CJTF-HOA Team to Promote Ethiopian Livestock Health", U.S. Embassy in Ethiopia website (accessed 6 September 2009)