Katib: Difference between revisions
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{{for|the Islamic term describing the person who delivers the sermon (khuṭbah) |Khatib}} |
{{for|the Islamic term describing the person who delivers the sermon (khuṭbah) |Khatib}} |
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{{short description|Arab scribe}} |
{{short description|Arab scribe}} |
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[[File:'A Katib, Bombay' by Edwin Lord Weeks (cropped).jpg|thumb|A ''Katib'', in Bombay' by [[Edwin Lord Weeks]]]] |
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A '''katib''' ({{ |
A '''katib''' ({{langx|ar|كَاتِب}}, ''kātib'') is a writer, scribe, or secretary in the [[List of countries where Arabic is an official language|Arabic-speaking world]], [[Persian people|Persian World]], and other [[Islamic]] areas as far as the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="Houtsma">{{citation| page=819| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&q=katib+secretary&pg=PA819| author= M. Th. Houtsma|title=First encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936|publisher=E.J. Brill|year=1987|isbn=9789004082656|oclc=15549162}}</ref> In North Africa, the local pronunciation of the term also causes it to be written '''ketib'''. Duties comprised reading and writing correspondence, issue instructions at the command of the person in charge and archiving documentation.<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=duAhUE684bwC&q=katib+secretary&pg=PA600| page=600| title=The History of Islam| volume=2|author=Akbar Shāh K̲h̲ān Najībābādī| editor=Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī|location=Houston| publisher=Darussalam| year=2000| isbn=9789960892887| oclc=49825878}}</ref> |
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The word comes probably from Arabic kitāb (book), and perhaps imported from the Northern [[Aramaic]] neighbors of the Arabs.<ref name="Houtsma"/> It is a pre-[[Islamic]] concept, encountered in the work of ancient Arab poets. The art of writing, although present in all part of Arabia, was apparently accomplishment of the few. Among the [[Companions of the Prophet|Companions of Medina]], about ten are mentioned as katibs.<ref name="Houtsma"/> With the embrace of Islam, the office of katib became a post of great honor. By this time, on the model of the Persian chancellery, a complicated system of government offices had developed, each branch of governmental, religious, civic, or military entity had its own katib.<ref name="Houtsma"/> Thus, the term became widely encountered in conjunction with other words in order to derive a more specific secretary position, i.e. katib dīwān - secretary in the financial bureaus, katib al-sirr - chancellery secretary or chief-secretary, katib al-djaysh - secretary of the army, and so on.<ref name="Shatzmiller">{{citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bzo0Skd1kcYC&q=katib+secretary&pg=PA151| pages=150–151| title=Labour in the Medieval Islamic World|last1=Shatzmiller|first1=Maya|author-link=Maya Shatzmiller| year=1994| publisher=E.J. Brill|series=Islamic history and civilization| volume=4|isbn=9789004098961|oclc=28256504}}</ref> |
The word comes probably from Arabic kitāb (book), and perhaps imported from the Northern [[Aramaic]] neighbors of the Arabs.<ref name="Houtsma"/> It is a pre-[[Islamic]] concept, encountered in the work of ancient Arab poets. The art of writing, although present in all part of Arabia, was apparently accomplishment of the few. Among the [[Companions of the Prophet|Companions of Medina]], about ten are mentioned as katibs.<ref name="Houtsma"/> With the embrace of Islam, the office of katib became a post of great honor. By this time, on the model of the Persian chancellery, a complicated system of government offices had developed, each branch of governmental, religious, civic, or military entity had its own katib.<ref name="Houtsma"/> Thus, the term became widely encountered in conjunction with other words in order to derive a more specific secretary position, i.e. katib dīwān - secretary in the financial bureaus, katib al-sirr - chancellery secretary or chief-secretary, katib al-djaysh - secretary of the army, and so on.<ref name="Shatzmiller">{{citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bzo0Skd1kcYC&q=katib+secretary&pg=PA151| pages=150–151| title=Labour in the Medieval Islamic World|last1=Shatzmiller|first1=Maya|author-link=Maya Shatzmiller| year=1994| publisher=E.J. Brill|series=Islamic history and civilization| volume=4|isbn=9789004098961|oclc=28256504}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Kâtibim]] – a [[Culture of Turkey|Turkish]] song dedicated to a katib. |
*[[Kâtibim]] – a [[Culture of Turkey|Turkish]] song dedicated to a katib. |
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*[[Arabi katibi]] |
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*[[List of Ottoman titles and appellations]] |
*[[List of Ottoman titles and appellations]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:20, 27 October 2024
A katib (Arabic: كَاتِب, kātib) is a writer, scribe, or secretary in the Arabic-speaking world, Persian World, and other Islamic areas as far as the Indian subcontinent.[1] In North Africa, the local pronunciation of the term also causes it to be written ketib. Duties comprised reading and writing correspondence, issue instructions at the command of the person in charge and archiving documentation.[2]
The word comes probably from Arabic kitāb (book), and perhaps imported from the Northern Aramaic neighbors of the Arabs.[1] It is a pre-Islamic concept, encountered in the work of ancient Arab poets. The art of writing, although present in all part of Arabia, was apparently accomplishment of the few. Among the Companions of Medina, about ten are mentioned as katibs.[1] With the embrace of Islam, the office of katib became a post of great honor. By this time, on the model of the Persian chancellery, a complicated system of government offices had developed, each branch of governmental, religious, civic, or military entity had its own katib.[1] Thus, the term became widely encountered in conjunction with other words in order to derive a more specific secretary position, i.e. katib dīwān - secretary in the financial bureaus, katib al-sirr - chancellery secretary or chief-secretary, katib al-djaysh - secretary of the army, and so on.[3]
It was used in the Ottoman Empire with the same meaning, i.e. Kiaya Katibi - private secretary of the Kiaya bey,[4] and thus transferred to other languages, i.e. qatib and qatip in Albanian.
See also
[edit]- Kâtibim – a Turkish song dedicated to a katib.
- Arabi katibi
- List of Ottoman titles and appellations
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d M. Th. Houtsma (1987), First encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, E.J. Brill, p. 819, ISBN 9789004082656, OCLC 15549162
- ^ Akbar Shāh K̲h̲ān Najībābādī (2000), Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī (ed.), The History of Islam, vol. 2, Houston: Darussalam, p. 600, ISBN 9789960892887, OCLC 49825878
- ^ Shatzmiller, Maya (1994), Labour in the Medieval Islamic World, Islamic history and civilization, vol. 4, E.J. Brill, pp. 150–151, ISBN 9789004098961, OCLC 28256504
- ^ Lybyer, Albert Howe (1913), The government of the Ottoman Empire in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p. 184, OCLC 1562148