Operation Vanity: Difference between revisions
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{{operational plan |
{{operational plan |
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| name = Operation Vanity |
| name = Operation Vanity |
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| partof = the |
| partof = the [[Rhodesian Bush War]] |
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| planned = |
| planned = |
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| planned_by = |
| planned_by = {{flag|Rhodesia}} |
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| objective = Destroy ZIPRA camp nearby Luso, Angola. |
| objective = Destroy ZIPRA camp nearby Luso, Angola. |
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| target = [[File:Zimbabwe African People's Union flag.svg|23px]] [[ZIPRA]] |
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| target = |
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| date = |
| date = 25–26 February 1979 |
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{{Campaignbox |
{{Campaignbox Rhodesian Bush War}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Operation Vanity''' was a Rhodesian [[military operation]] in [[Angola]] with clandestine assistance from the [[South African Air Force]] (SAAF) during the [[Rhodesian Bush War]]. The [[Rhodesian Air Force]] planned a retaliatory raid against a [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army|ZIPRA]] camp in Angola after a second [[Air Rhodesia Flight 827|Air Rhodesia Viscount was shot down]] on 12 February 1979.<ref name="Moor"/>{{rp|157}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Operation Vanity''' was a Rhodesian [[military operation]] in [[Angola]] with clandestine assistance from the [[South African Air Force]] (SAAF) during the [[Rhodesian Bush |
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==Operation== |
==Operation== |
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In retaliation for the downing |
In retaliation for the downing of [[Air Rhodesia Flight 827]], the Rhodesian Air Force (RhAF) planned a bombing raid against a ZIPRA training camp situated nearby the town of [[Luena, Moxico Province|Luso]] in Angola.<ref name="Moor">{{cite book | title=The Rhodesian War. A Military History. | publisher=Pen & Sword Military | author1=Moorcraft, Paul| author2=McLaughlin, Peter | year=2011 | location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire | isbn=9781848845220 }}</ref>{{rp|157}} The Rhodesians estimated that there were 3000 ZIPRA soldiers, as well as Cuban and East German advisors, based there.<ref name="Lord">{{cite book | title=From Fledgling to Eagle. The South African Airforce during the Border War. | publisher=Helion & Company | author=Lord, Dick | year=2012 | location=Solihull, England | isbn=9781908916624}}</ref>{{rp|Ch5}} The Rhodesians were only able to provide four [[English Electric Canberra|Canberra bombers]] for the raid and required three additional aircraft which would be provided clandestinely by the [[South African Air Force]] (SAAF).<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Three SAAF Canberra bombers of [[12 Squadron SAAF|12 Squadron]], under the command of Major Hannes Bekker, were armed with Alpha [[cluster bomb]]s and took off around 18:15 hours from [[Air Force Base Waterkloof]], [[South Africa]] on 25 February 1979.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} From there they flew northwards to the Victoria Falls airfield in Rhodesia and landed after dark.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} There the navigators planned the raid for the following morning. The strike leader was Squadron Leader Chris Dixon, 5 Squadron Rhodesian Air Force, call-sign [[Green Leader]].<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Three SAAF and three RhAF aircraft were armed with 5 Alpha bombs each while the last Rhodesian Canberra bomber was armed with six 1000 lb bombs.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} |
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The flight of seven bombers took off at 06h30 on 26 February 1979 headed for the target, which was located {{convert|1100|km|mi}} to the north-west.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Additional Rhodesian aircraft were provided in the form of one [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Dakota]] command and control aircraft and two [[Hawker Hunter]] fighters.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Initially command passed to Flight Lieutenant Ted Brent because of radio problems, but would return to Chris Dixon later in the flight.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} The flight headed over [[Zambia]] and then into Angola, dodging both countries' air defence radars, before turning towards the [[Benguela Railway]] west of Luso which followed east toward the target.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}}<ref name="Moor"/>{{rp|157}} By this time they had formed into two formations of four and three bombers, line abreast, hitting a rainstorm which cleared up two minutes from the target.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} The bombers, now line-abreast dropped to a height of 300 ft so that the Alpha bombs, a type of [[cluster bomb]], would cover an area 300 by 1000 meters.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} As they attacked, rows and rows of bungalows could be seen by the pilots with no anti-aircraft fire received, nor vehicles seen nor anyone on the parade ground, giving the pilots the impression of an empty camp.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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Having attacked the target successfully, the bombers returned to Rhodesia, the SAAF bombers to Flyde near Hartley while the RhAF bombers flew back to Victoria Falls with one |
Having attacked the target successfully, the bombers returned to Rhodesia, the SAAF bombers to Flyde near Hartley while the RhAF bombers flew back to Victoria Falls with one 1000 lb bomb before refueling and joining the SAAF aircraft.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Photographic evidence captured by a SAAF bomber showed the camp was occupied and there were anti-aircraft guns.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} It was said{{by whom|date=August 2018}} 160 ZIPRA soldiers died and another 530 were wounded.<ref name="Moor"/>{{rp|157}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* {{cite book|last=Lord|first=Dick|title=From |
* {{cite book|last=Lord|first=Dick|title=From Fledgling to Eagle. The South African Airforce during the Border War.|year=2012|publisher=Helion & Company |location=Solihull, England|isbn=9781908916624|edition=Kindle}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Moorcraft|first1=Paul|last2=McLaughlin|first2=Peter|title=The Rhodesian War. A Military History.|year=2011|publisher=Pen & Sword Military |location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|isbn=9781848845220|edition=3rd}} |
* {{cite book|last1=Moorcraft|first1=Paul|last2=McLaughlin|first2=Peter|title=The Rhodesian War. A Military History.|year=2011|publisher=Pen & Sword Military |location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire|isbn=9781848845220|edition=3rd}} |
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*[[Operation Eland]] |
*[[Operation Eland]] |
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*[[Air Rhodesia Flight 825]] |
*[[Air Rhodesia Flight 825]] |
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{{coord missing|Angola}} |
{{coord missing|Angola}} |
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1979]] |
[[Category:Conflicts in 1979]] |
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[[Category:Military history of Angola]] |
[[Category:Military history of Angola]] |
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[[Category:Battles and operations of the |
[[Category:Battles and operations of the Rhodesian Bush War]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Military operations of the Rhodesian Bush War involving South Africa]] |
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[[Category:Rhodesian Bush War]] |
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[[Category:1979 in Angola]] |
[[Category:1979 in Angola]] |
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[[Category:1979 in Rhodesia]] |
[[Category:1979 in Rhodesia]] |
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[[Category:1979 in South Africa]] |
[[Category:1979 in South Africa]] |
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[[Category:February 1979 events in Africa]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:09, 2 August 2024
| Operation Vanity | |
|---|---|
| Part of the Rhodesian Bush War | |
| Location | Angola   Luso Operation Vanity (Angola) |
| Planned by |  Rhodesia |
| Target |  ZIPRA |
| Date | 25–26 February 1979 |
Operation Vanity was a Rhodesian military operation in Angola with clandestine assistance from the South African Air Force (SAAF) during the Rhodesian Bush War. The Rhodesian Air Force planned a retaliatory raid against a ZIPRA camp in Angola after a second Air Rhodesia Viscount was shot down on 12 February 1979.[1]: 157
Operation
[edit]In retaliation for the downing of Air Rhodesia Flight 827, the Rhodesian Air Force (RhAF) planned a bombing raid against a ZIPRA training camp situated nearby the town of Luso in Angola.[1]: 157 The Rhodesians estimated that there were 3000 ZIPRA soldiers, as well as Cuban and East German advisors, based there.[2]: Ch5 The Rhodesians were only able to provide four Canberra bombers for the raid and required three additional aircraft which would be provided clandestinely by the South African Air Force (SAAF).[2]: Chp5 Three SAAF Canberra bombers of 12 Squadron, under the command of Major Hannes Bekker, were armed with Alpha cluster bombs and took off around 18:15 hours from Air Force Base Waterkloof, South Africa on 25 February 1979.[2]: Chp5 From there they flew northwards to the Victoria Falls airfield in Rhodesia and landed after dark.[2]: Chp5 There the navigators planned the raid for the following morning. The strike leader was Squadron Leader Chris Dixon, 5 Squadron Rhodesian Air Force, call-sign Green Leader.[2]: Chp5 Three SAAF and three RhAF aircraft were armed with 5 Alpha bombs each while the last Rhodesian Canberra bomber was armed with six 1000 lb bombs.[2]: Chp5
The flight of seven bombers took off at 06h30 on 26 February 1979 headed for the target, which was located 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) to the north-west.[2]: Chp5 Additional Rhodesian aircraft were provided in the form of one Dakota command and control aircraft and two Hawker Hunter fighters.[2]: Chp5 Initially command passed to Flight Lieutenant Ted Brent because of radio problems, but would return to Chris Dixon later in the flight.[2]: Chp5 The flight headed over Zambia and then into Angola, dodging both countries' air defence radars, before turning towards the Benguela Railway west of Luso which followed east toward the target.[2]: Chp5 [1]: 157 By this time they had formed into two formations of four and three bombers, line abreast, hitting a rainstorm which cleared up two minutes from the target.[2]: Chp5 The bombers, now line-abreast dropped to a height of 300 ft so that the Alpha bombs, a type of cluster bomb, would cover an area 300 by 1000 meters.[2]: Chp5 As they attacked, rows and rows of bungalows could be seen by the pilots with no anti-aircraft fire received, nor vehicles seen nor anyone on the parade ground, giving the pilots the impression of an empty camp.[2]: Chp5
Aftermath
[edit]Having attacked the target successfully, the bombers returned to Rhodesia, the SAAF bombers to Flyde near Hartley while the RhAF bombers flew back to Victoria Falls with one 1000 lb bomb before refueling and joining the SAAF aircraft.[2]: Chp5 Photographic evidence captured by a SAAF bomber showed the camp was occupied and there were anti-aircraft guns.[2]: Chp5 It was said[by whom?] 160 ZIPRA soldiers died and another 530 were wounded.[1]: 157
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Moorcraft, Paul; McLaughlin, Peter (2011). The Rhodesian War. A Military History. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 9781848845220.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lord, Dick (2012). From Fledgling to Eagle. The South African Airforce during the Border War. Solihull, England: Helion & Company. ISBN 9781908916624.
Further reading
[edit]- Lord, Dick (2012). From Fledgling to Eagle. The South African Airforce during the Border War (Kindle ed.). Solihull, England: Helion & Company. ISBN 9781908916624.
- Moorcraft, Paul; McLaughlin, Peter (2011). The Rhodesian War. A Military History (3rd ed.). Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 9781848845220.
See also
[edit]