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{{Short description|Genus of plants}}
:''This article is about the plant species, for the ancient city named Polemonium, see [[Fatsa]].''
{{About|the plant species|the ancient city|Fatsa}}
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{{Automatic taxobox
|image=Polemonium reptans 2009.jpg
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|image_caption=''[[Polemonium reptans]]''
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|taxon=Polemonium
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|authority=[[Carl von Linné|L.]]
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|type_species=''[[Polemonium caeruleum]]''
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|type_species_authority=L.
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}}


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'''''Polemonium''''', commonly called '''Jacob's ladders''' or '''Jacob's-ladders''' (the name derived from the [[Jacob's Ladder|Biblical story]]), is a genus of between 25 and 40 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Polemoniaceae]], native to cool [[temperate climate|temperate]] to [[arctic climate|arctic]] regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].{{r|powo}}{{r|tpl}} One species, ''[[Polemonium micranthum]]'', also occurs in the southern [[Andes]] in [[South America]]. Many of the species grow at high altitudes, in mountainous areas. Most of the uncertainty in the number of species relates to those in Eurasia, many of which have been synonymized with ''[[Polemonium caeruleum]]''.{{r|powo689911-1}}
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{{taxobox
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|name = ''Polemonium''
|image = Polemonium carneum0.jpg
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|image_caption = ''[[Polemonium carneum]]''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Ericales]]
|familia = [[Polemoniaceae]]
|genus = '''''Polemonium'''''
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|genus_authority = [[Carl von Linné|L.]]
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|type_species = ''[[Polemonium caeruleum]]''
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|type_species_authority = [[Carl von Linné|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text.
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|}}


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''Polemonium'' are [[perennial plant]]s (rarely [[annual plant]]s) growing 10–120 cm tall with bright green [[leaf|leaves]] divided into lance-shaped [[leaflet (botany)|leaflets]]. They produce blue (rarely white or pink) [[flower]]s in the spring and summer.
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'''''Polemonium''''', commonly called '''Jacob's ladder''', is a genus of about 30 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Polemoniaceae]], native to cool temperate to arctic regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and also in the southern [[Andes]] in [[South America]]. Many of the species grow at high altitudes in mountains.


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Some species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Coleophora|Coleophora polemoniella]]''.
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They are [[perennial plant]]s (rarely [[annual plant]]s) growing 10–120 cm tall with bright green [[leaf|leaves]] divided into lance-shaped [[leaflet]]s, and produce blue (rarely white or pink) [[flower]]s in the spring and summer.


==Species==
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''Polemonium'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Coleophora|Coleophora polemoniella]]''.
[[File:Polemonium caeruleum20170605 8001.jpg|thumb|''[[Polemonium caeruleum]]'']]
[[File:Polemonium californicum 0752.JPG|thumb|''[[Polemonium californicum]]'']]
{{As of|April 2020}} [[Kew]]'s [[Plants of the World Online]] accepts 37 species.{{r|powo}} Many are locally known simply as "Jacob's ladder".{{r|fotcr2017}}{{r|jepson}}{{r|miflora}}{{r|usda}}


*''[[Polemonium acutiflorum]]'' – tall Jacob's ladder{{r|usdaacut}}{{r|iucnacut}}
;Selected species
*''[[Polemonium acutifolium]]'' Tall Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium boreale]]'' {{small|Adams}} – northern Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium antarcticum]]''
*''[[Polemonium brandegeei]]'' {{small|(A.Gray) Greene}} – Brandegee's Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium boreale]]'' Northern Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium caeruleum]]'' {{small|L.}} – Jacob's ladder (the original plant to bear this name); charity
*''[[Polemonium brandegeei]]'' Brandegee's Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium californicum]]'' {{small|Eastw.}} – showy Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium caeruleum]]'' Charity
*''[[Polemonium campanulatum]]'' {{small|(Th.Fr.) Th.Fr.}}
*''[[Polemonium californicum]]'' Showy Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium carneum]]'' {{small|A.Gray}} – royal Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium carneum]]'' Royal Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium caucasicum]]'' {{small|N.Busch}}
*''[[Polemonium chartaceum]]'' Mason's Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium chartaceum]]'' {{small|H.Mason}} – Mason's Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium chinense]]''
*''[[Polemonium chinense]]'' {{small|(Brand) Brand}}
*''[[Polemonium confertum]]'' Rocky Mountain Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium confertum]]'' – Rocky Mountain Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium cuspidatum]]'' Stiff-point Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium eddyense]]'' {{small|Stubbs}} – Mount Eddy Jacob's-ladder
*''[[Polemonium delicatum]]''
*''[[Polemonium elegans]]'' {{small|Greene}} – elegant Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium elegans]]'' Elegant Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium elusum]]'' {{small|J.J.Irwin & R.L.Hartm.}} – elusive Jacob's-ladder
*''[[Polemonium eximium]]'' Sky Pilot
*''[[Polemonium eximium]]'' {{small|Greene}} – sky pilot
*''[[Polemonium foliosissimum]]'' Towering Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium foliosissimum]]'' {{small|A.Gray}} – towering Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium gayanum]]''
*''[[Polemonium glabrum]]'' {{small|J.F.Davidson}}
*''[[Polemonium longii]]'' Long's Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium grandiflorum]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
*''[[Polemonium mexicanum]]''
*''[[Polemonium hingganicum]]'' {{small|(P.H.Huang & S.Y.Li) S.Y.Li & K.T.Adair}}
*''[[Polemonium micranthum]]'' Annual Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium kiushianum]]'' {{small|Kitam.}}
*''[[Polemonium nevadense]]'' Nevada Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium majus]]'' {{small|Tolm.}}
*''[[Polemonium occidentale]]'' Western Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium mexicanum]]'' {{small|Cerv. ex Lag.}}
*''[[Polemonium pauciflorum]]'' Few-flower Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium micranthum]]'' {{small|Benth.}} – annual polemonium
*''[[Polemonium pectinatum]]'' Washington Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium nevadense]]'' {{small|Wherry}} – Nevada Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium pulcherrimum]]'' Beautiful Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium occidentale]]'' {{small|Greene}} – western Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium reptans]]'' Greek Valerian
*''[[Polemonium pauciflorum]]'' {{small|S.Watson}} – few-flower Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium sumushanense]]''
*''[[Polemonium pectinatum]]'' {{small|Greene}} – Washington Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium vanbruntiae]]'' Van Brunt's Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium pulchellum]]'' {{small|Bunge}}
*''[[Polemonium viscosum]]'' Sticky Jacob's Ladder
*''[[Polemonium pulcherrimum]]'' {{small|Hook.}} – beautiful Jacob's ladder
*''[[Polemonium yezoense]]''
*''[[Polemonium reptans]]'' {{small|L.}} – Jacob's ladder, Greek valerian
*''[[Polemonium sachalinense]]'' {{small|Vorosch.}}
*''[[Polemonium schizanthum]]'' {{small|Klokov}}
*''[[Polemonium schmidtii]]'' {{small|Klokov}}
*[[Polemonium × speciosum|''Polemonium'' × ''speciosum'']] {{small|Rydb.}}
*''[[Polemonium sumushanense]]'' {{small|G.H.Liu & Y.Q.Ma}}
*''[[Polemonium vanbruntiae]]'' {{small|Britton}} – Vanbrunt's Jacob's ladder
*[[Polemonium × victoris|''Polemonium'' × ''victoris'']] {{small|Klokov}}
*''[[Polemonium vilosissimum]]'' {{small|(Hultén) D.F.Murray & Elven}}
*''[[Polemonium villosum]]'' {{small|Rudolph ex Georgi}}
*''[[Polemonium viscosum]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} – sticky polemonium
*''[[Polemonium yezoense]]'' {{small|(Miyabe & Kudô) Kitam.}}


==External links==
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=126309 Flora of China: ''Polemonium'']
<ref name=fotcr2017>{{cite book |last1=Wilhelm |first1=Gerould |last2=Rericha |first2=Laura |date=2017 |title=Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis |publisher=Indiana Academy of Sciences}}</ref>
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Polemonium Jepson Flora of California: ''Polemonium''] (click 'next taxon' to view individual species accounts)
<ref name=jepson>[https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=8876 Jepson Flora of California: ''Polemonium'']</ref>
<ref name=miflora>{{Michigan Flora |genus=''Polemonium'' |species=''reptans'' |id=2263 |access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=powo>{{cite web |title=''Polemonium caeruleum'' L. |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:689911-1#synonyms |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=powo689911-1>{{cite web |title=''Polemonium'' L. |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329833-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=tpl>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=Polemonium Kew Plant List of Polemonium species, synonyms, unaccepted names]</ref>
<ref name=usda>{{PLANTS |id=CPOLEM |taxon=Polemonium |access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=iucnacut>Maiz-Tome, L. 2016. Polemonium acutiflorum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T64321387A67730462. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64321387A67730462.en. Downloaded on 30 March 2020.</ref>
<ref name=usdaacut>{{PLANTS|id=POAC|taxon=Polemonium acutiflorum|access-date=9 October 2015}}</ref>
}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q157357}}
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[[Category:Polemoniaceae]]
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Polemonium| ]]
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[[Category:Polemoniaceae genera]]


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{{Ericales-stub}}


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{{Polemoniaceae-stub}}
[[az:Göyümçiçək]]
[[bg:Полемониум]]
[[de:Jakobsleiter (Pflanze)]]
[[et:Sinilatv]]
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[[es:Polemonium]]
[[hsb:Jěrnica]]
[[lt:Palemonas (augalas)]]
[[hu:Csatavirág]]
[[pl:Wielosił]]
[[pt:Polemonium]]
[[ru:Синюха (растение)]]
[[sv:Blågullssläktet]]
[[vi:Chi Lá thang]]

Latest revision as of 03:37, 18 March 2024

This article is about the plant species. For the ancient city, see Fatsa.

Polemonium
Polemonium reptans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Polemoniaceae
Genus: Polemonium
L.
Type species
Polemonium caeruleum
L.

Polemonium, commonly called Jacob's ladders or Jacob's-ladders (the name derived from the Biblical story), is a genus of between 25 and 40 species of flowering plants in the family Polemoniaceae, native to cool temperate to arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.[1][2] One species, Polemonium micranthum, also occurs in the southern Andes in South America. Many of the species grow at high altitudes, in mountainous areas. Most of the uncertainty in the number of species relates to those in Eurasia, many of which have been synonymized with Polemonium caeruleum.[3]

Polemonium are perennial plants (rarely annual plants) growing 10–120 cm tall with bright green leaves divided into lance-shaped leaflets. They produce blue (rarely white or pink) flowers in the spring and summer.

Some species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora polemoniella.

Species

[edit]
Polemonium caeruleum
Polemonium californicum

As of April 2020 Kew's Plants of the World Online accepts 37 species.[1] Many are locally known simply as "Jacob's ladder".[4][5][6][7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Polemonium caeruleum L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  2. ^ Kew Plant List of Polemonium species, synonyms, unaccepted names
  3. ^ "Polemonium L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  4. ^ Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  5. ^ Jepson Flora of California: Polemonium
  6. ^ Reznicek, A. A.; Voss, E. G.; Walters, B. S., eds. (February 2011). "Polemonium reptans". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan Herbarium. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  7. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Polemonium​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  8. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Polemonium acutiflorum​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  9. ^ Maiz-Tome, L. 2016. Polemonium acutiflorum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T64321387A67730462. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64321387A67730462.en. Downloaded on 30 March 2020.


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