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PROTEUS (acronym for Reconfigurable Platform for Observation, Telecommunications and Scientific Uses) is a 3-axis stabilized platform designed for mini-satellites weighing approximately 500 kg operating in low Earth orbit. The platform is used by six scientific satellites developed as part of the space program of the National Center for Space Studies (CNES) for the European Space Agency: Jason-1, 2 and 3, CALIPSO, CoRoT, and SMOS. The platform is developed by the satellite division of Aérospatiale (in 2016 Thales Alenia Space).

History

CALIPSO satellite (artist's rendering), 2005

In 1993, CNES decided to launch the development of the PROTEUS mini-satellite program in parallel and jointly with the Jason-1 satellite, the first user for the platform.^[1] Program goals including meeting recurring requirements for satellite solutions in the 500 kg-700 kg class intended for operation in low orbits as platforms for various science and applications. After an industrial consultation with the national prime contractors of the time, Aérospatiale (Cannes) was selected, in May 1996, as industrial prime contractor, with the system to be built in the Cannes-Mandelieu space center.^[2]

By 2010, the PROTEUS platform accumulated 20 years of on-orbit success, with the five satellites that had been orbited: Jason-1, CALIPSO, CoRoT, Jason-2, and SMOS.^[3]

In the same multi-mission platform perspective, the Myriade program to support mission objectives achievable with microsatellites weighing less than 200 kg.^[4]

Technical Characteristics

PROTEUS is a 3-axis stabilized platform designed for missions in low earth orbit for satellites with a total mass of approximately 500 kg, including 270 kg for the platform excluding propellants. Its main features are as follows:^[5]

Dimensions: 954 mm x 954 mm x 1,000 mm
Energy: solar panels with an area of 9.5 m², with one degree of freedom and providing 450 watts (Jason-1) to 550 watts (Jason-3) at the theoretical end of life
Attitude control: the satellite is stabilized on 3 axes with a pointing precision of 0.15° (Jason-3). The fine sensors used to determine the orientation of the satellite are two three-axis star finder and three two-axis gyrometers. The coarse sensors are three-axis magnetometers and 8 solar sensors with an optical field of 4 ft. The orientation is corrected using four reaction wheels which are desaturated using magneto-couplers.
Propulsion: liquid propellant rocket motors burning hydrazine with a Delta-v capacity of about 120 m/s. The mass of hydrazine carried is 28 kg (Jason-3).
Data storage: 500 megabits for telemetry data and 2 gigabits for scientific data.
Communications: S-band telecommunications with a maximum throughput of 800 kilobits/s.
Lifespan: 3 years for consumables, 5 years for hardware and radiation tolerance.

Responsibilities

The PROTEUS platform and command and control segment has been developed based on a partnership between CNES and Aérospatiale (now Thales). The integrated team carries out the design of the PROTEUS multi-mission bus, the industrial production of the platform and associated satellites of which is the responsibility of Thales Alenia Space. In accordance with the partnership agreements, CNES remains in contro of workfor its own missions.

Applications

Artists rendering Jason-1 in orbit, 2007

Six satellites use this platform:

Jason-1, remote sensing for measuring the height of the oceans, launched on December 7, 2001. It celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2011 and reached end of mission in 2013^[6]^[7]
CALIPSO, launched April 28, 2006, meteorological satellite that has been operating for more than 14 years.^[8]
CoRoT, space telescope for studying the internal structure of stars and searching for exoplanets, launched on December 27, 2006.^[9]
OSTM/Jason-2, follow-on mission to Jason-1, launched on June 20, 2008.^[10]
SMOS, soil humidity study mission,^[11] launched on November 2, 2009.^[12]
Jason-3, copy of Jason-2, ordered on February 24, 2010 by EUMETSAT and placed in orbit in January 2016. This is the most recent satellite using this platform.^[13]

References

^ "PROTEUS". CNES. March 7, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ Canton, Rémi; Pélipenko, Pierre (May 9, 2014). "JASON-1 (NASA-JPL/CNES) : A Successful Operational Story Throughout Hardware Ageing". Space Ops 2014 Conference. doi:10.2514/6.2014-1609. ISBN 978-1-62410-221-9. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ "20 Years in Orbit for the PROTEUS Satellite Bus". CNES. October 7, 2010. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ "Myriade - The French microsatellite buses family". CNES. May 31, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ "Jason-1". EO Portal. ESA. July 17, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ Bourguignon, Anne Marie (December 13, 2011). "Espace: conçu à Toulouse, le satellite Jason fête ses dix ans (in FR)". ToulEco. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ "Long-Running Jason-1 Ocean Satellite Takes Final Bow". JPL. July 3, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ "Calipso Observation Satellite Celebrates Anniversary!". Thales Group. April 28, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ Carlisle, Camille M. (June 25, 2013). "COROT Mission Ends". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ "Jason-2". eoPortal. May 30, 2012. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ "SMOS". CNES. February 8, 2022. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ de Selding, Peter B. (November 9, 2009). "European SMOS and Proba-2 Successfully Launched by Rockot". Space News. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
^ "Jason-3". JPL. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

Bibliography

Sghedoni, M.; et al. (1997), "Attitude and Orbit Control System for Multimission Spacecraft Platform", Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems, Proceedings of the 3rd ESA International Conference, 341: 133–139, Bibcode:1997ESASP.381..133S, ISBN 9290922079, Sghedoni1997

External links

Thales Alenia Space

[1] "PROTEUS". CNES. March 7, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[2] Canton, Rémi; Pélipenko, Pierre (May 9, 2014). "JASON-1 (NASA-JPL/CNES) : A Successful Operational Story Throughout Hardware Ageing". Space Ops 2014 Conference. doi:10.2514/6.2014-1609. ISBN 978-1-62410-221-9. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[3] "20 Years in Orbit for the PROTEUS Satellite Bus". CNES. October 7, 2010. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[4] "Myriade - The French microsatellite buses family". CNES. May 31, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[Jason1-5] "Jason-1". EO Portal. ESA. July 17, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[6] Bourguignon, Anne Marie (December 13, 2011). "Espace: conçu à Toulouse, le satellite Jason fête ses dix ans (in FR)". ToulEco. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[7] "Long-Running Jason-1 Ocean Satellite Takes Final Bow". JPL. July 3, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[8] "Calipso Observation Satellite Celebrates Anniversary!". Thales Group. April 28, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[9] Carlisle, Camille M. (June 25, 2013). "COROT Mission Ends". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[10] "Jason-2". eoPortal. May 30, 2012. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[11] "SMOS". CNES. February 8, 2022. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[12] Selding, Peter B. (November 9, 2009). "European SMOS and Proba-2 Successfully Launched by Rockot". Space News. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

[13] "Jason-3". JPL. Retrieved December 2, 2022.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Satellite platform built by Thales Group}}
-{{under construction}}
-{{Expand French|date=February 2009|Proteus (satellite)}}
+{{For|the natural satellite of Neptune|Proteus (moon)}}
-'''PROTEUS''' (acronym for Reconfigurable Platform for Observation, Telecommunications and Scientific Uses) is a 3-axis stabilized platform designed for mini-satellites weighing approximately 500 kg operating in low Earth orbit. The platform is used by six scientific satellites developed as part of the space program of the [[CNES|National Center for Space Studies (CNES)]] for the [[European Space Agency]]: [[Jason-1]], 2 and 3, [[CALIPSO]], [[CoRoT]], and [[Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite|SMOS]]. The platform is developed by the satellite division of [[Aérospatiale]] (in 2016 [[Thales Alenia Space]]).
+'''PROTEUS''' (acronym for Reconfigurable Platform for Observation, Telecommunications and Scientific Uses) is a 3-axis stabilized platform designed for mini-satellites weighing approximately 500&nbsp;kg operating in low Earth orbit. The platform is used by six scientific satellites developed as part of the space program of the [[CNES|National Center for Space Studies (CNES)]] for the [[European Space Agency]]: [[Jason-1]], 2 and 3, [[CALIPSO]], [[CoRoT]], and [[Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite|SMOS]]. The platform is developed by the satellite division of [[Aérospatiale]] (in 2016 [[Thales Alenia Space]]).
 ==History==
-[[File:CALIPSO_-_Artist_Concept.jpg|thumb|CALIPSO satellite (artist's rendering), 2005]]
+[[File:CALIPSO - Artist Concept.jpg|thumb|CALIPSO satellite (artist's rendering), 2005]]
-In 1993, CNES decided to launch the development of the PROTEUS mini-satellite program in parallel and jointly with the Jason-1 satellite, the first user for the platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://proteus.cnes.fr/en/PROTEUS/index.htm |title=PROTEUS |date=March 7, 2017|publisher=CNES|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref> Program goals including meeting recurring requirements for satellite solutions in the 500 kg-700 kg class intended for operation in low orbits as platforms for various science and applications. After an industrial consultation with the national prime contractors of the time, Aérospatiale (Cannes) was selected, in May 1996, as industrial prime contractor, with the system to be built in the Cannes-Mandelieu space center.<ref>{{cite journal|title=JASON-1 (NASA-JPL/CNES) : A Successful Operational Story Throughout Hardware Ageing|url=https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2014-1609|first1=Rémi |last1=Canton |first2=Pierre |last2=Pélipenko|journal=Space Ops 2014 Conference |date=May 9, 2014|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
+In 1993, CNES decided to launch the development of the PROTEUS mini-satellite program in parallel and jointly with the Jason-1 satellite, the first user for the platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://proteus.cnes.fr/en/PROTEUS/index.htm |title=PROTEUS |date=March 7, 2017|publisher=CNES|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref> Program goals including meeting recurring requirements for satellite solutions in the 500&nbsp;kg-700&nbsp;kg class intended for operation in low orbits as platforms for various science and applications. After an industrial consultation with the national prime contractors of the time, Aérospatiale (Cannes) was selected, in May 1996, as industrial prime contractor, with the system to be built in the Cannes-Mandelieu space center.<ref>{{cite journal|title=JASON-1 (NASA-JPL/CNES) : A Successful Operational Story Throughout Hardware Ageing|url=https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2014-1609|first1=Rémi |last1=Canton |first2=Pierre |last2=Pélipenko|journal=Space Ops 2014 Conference |date=May 9, 2014|doi=10.2514/6.2014-1609 |isbn=978-1-62410-221-9 |access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
-By 2010, the PROTEUS platform accumulated 20 years of on-orbit success, with the six satellites that had been orbited: Jason-1, CALIPSO, CoRoT, Jason-2, SMOS, and Jason-3.<ref>{{cite web|title=20 Years in Orbit for the PROTEUS Satellite Bus|url=https://cnes.fr/en/web/CNES-en/8836-gp-20-years-in-orbit-for-the-proteus-satellite-bus.php|date=October 7, 2010|publisher=CNES|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
+By 2010, the PROTEUS platform accumulated 20 years of on-orbit success, with the five satellites that had been orbited: Jason-1, CALIPSO, CoRoT, Jason-2, and SMOS.<ref>{{cite web|title=20 Years in Orbit for the PROTEUS Satellite Bus|url=https://cnes.fr/en/web/CNES-en/8836-gp-20-years-in-orbit-for-the-proteus-satellite-bus.php|date=October 7, 2010|publisher=CNES|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
-In the same multi-mission platform perspective, the Myriade program to support mission objectives achievable with microsatellites weighing less than 200 kg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://myriade.cnes.fr/en/MYRIADE/index.htm|title=Myriade - The French microsatellite buses family|date=May 31, 2017|publisher=CNES|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
+In the same multi-mission platform perspective, the Myriade program to support mission objectives achievable with microsatellites weighing less than 200&nbsp;kg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://myriade.cnes.fr/en/MYRIADE/index.htm|title=Myriade - The French microsatellite buses family|date=May 31, 2017|publisher=CNES|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
 ==Technical Characteristics==
-PROTEUS is a 3-axis stabilized platform designed for missions in low earth orbit for satellites with a total mass of approximately 500 kg, including 270 kg for the platform excluding propellants. Its main features are as follows:<ref name=Jason1>{{cite web|title=Jason-1|url=https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/jason-1|agency=[[ESA]]|website=EO Portal|language=en|date= July 17, 2016|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
+PROTEUS is a 3-axis stabilized platform designed for missions in low earth orbit for satellites with a total mass of approximately 500&nbsp;kg, including 270&nbsp;kg for the platform excluding propellants. Its main features are as follows:<ref name=Jason1>{{cite web|title=Jason-1|url=https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/jason-1|agency=[[ESA]]|website=EO Portal|language=en|date= July 17, 2016|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
-* Dimensions : 954 mm x 954 mm x 1000 mm
+* Dimensions: 954&nbsp;mm x 954&nbsp;mm x 1,000&nbsp;mm
-* Energy: solar panels with an area of 9.5 m2 with one degree of freedom and providing 450 watts (Jason-1) to 550 watts (Jason-3) at the theoretical end of life
+* Energy: solar panels with an area of 9.5 m<sup>2</sup>, with one degree of freedom and providing 450 watts (Jason-1) to 550 watts (Jason-3) at the theoretical end of life
-* Attitude control: the satellite is stabilized on 3 axes with a pointing precision of 0.15° (Jason-3). The fine sensors used to determine the orientation of the satellite are two three-axis star finder and three two-axis gyrometers. The coarse sensors are three-axis magnetometers and 8 solar sensors with an optical field of 4 ft. The orientation is corrected using four reaction wheels which are desaturated using magneto-couplers.
+* Attitude control: the satellite is stabilized on 3 axes with a pointing precision of 0.15° (Jason-3). The fine sensors used to determine the orientation of the satellite are two three-axis star finder and three two-axis gyrometers. The coarse sensors are three-axis magnetometers and 8 solar sensors with an optical field of 4&nbsp;ft. The orientation is corrected using four reaction wheels which are desaturated using magneto-couplers.
-* Propulsion: liquid propellant rocket motors burning hydrazine with a Delta-v of about 120 m/s. The mass of hydrazine carried is 28 kg (Jason-3).
+* Propulsion: liquid propellant rocket motors burning hydrazine with a Delta-v capacity of about 120&nbsp;m/s. The mass of hydrazine carried is 28&nbsp;kg (Jason-3).
 * Data storage: 500 megabits for telemetry data and 2 gigabits for scientific data.
-* S-band telecommunications with a maximum throughput of 800 kilobits/s.
+* Communications: S-band telecommunications with a maximum throughput of 800 kilobits/s.
-* Lifespan: 3 years for consumables, 5 years for wear and radiation resistance.
+* Lifespan: 3 years for consumables, 5 years for hardware and radiation tolerance.
 ==Responsibilities==
-A partnership has been set up between CNES and Aérospatiale for the development of the platform and the associated command and control ground segment. It is an integrated CNES / Aerospace team that carries out the design of the PROTEUS product, the industrial production of the platform and associated satellites of which is the responsibility of Aérospatiale, which has since become Thales Alenia Space, in accordance with the partnership agreement, CNES remains in control. work of its own missions.
+The PROTEUS platform and command and control segment has been developed based on a partnership between CNES and Aérospatiale (now Thales). The integrated team carries out the design of the PROTEUS multi-mission bus, the industrial production of the platform and associated satellites of which is the responsibility of Thales Alenia Space. In accordance with the partnership agreements, CNES remains in contro of workfor its own missions.
 ==Applications==
 [[File:Jason-1.jpg|thumb|Artists rendering Jason-1 in orbit, 2007]]
 Six satellites use this platform:
-* [[Jason-1]], remote sensing for measuring the height of the oceans, launched on December 7, 2001. It celebrates its tenth anniversary in 2011.<ref>« Espace : conçu à Toulouse, le satellite Jason fête ses dix ans », dans ''ToulEco'', 13 décembre 2011, [http://www.touleco.fr/Le-satellite-Jason-fete-ses-dix-5038.html Espace : conçu à Toulouse, le satellite Jason fête ses dix ans]</ref>
+* [[Jason-1]], [[remote sensing]] for measuring the height of the oceans, launched on December 7, 2001. It celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2011 and reached end of mission in 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Espace: conçu à Toulouse, le satellite Jason fête ses dix ans (in FR)|publisher=ToulEco|date=December 13, 2011|url=https://www.touleco.fr/Le-satellite-Jason-fete-ses-dix-5038.html|first=Anne Marie |last=Bourguignon|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Long-Running Jason-1 Ocean Satellite Takes Final Bow|date=July 3, 2013|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/long-running-jason-1-ocean-satellite-takes-final-bow|publisher=JPL|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
+* [[CALIPSO]], launched April 28, 2006, meteorological satellite that has been operating for more than 14 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Calipso Observation Satellite Celebrates Anniversary!|date=April 28, 2020|url=https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/space/news/calipso-observation-satellite-celebrates-anniversary|publisher=Thales Group|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
-* [[CALIPSO]], launched April 28, 2006, meteorological satellite.
-* [[CoRoT]], space telescope for studying the internal structure of stars and searching for exoplanets, launched on December 27, 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/corot-mission-ends/|title=COROT Mission Ends|first=Camille M.|last=Carlisle|date=June 25, 2013|publisher=Sky& Telescope|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
+* [[CoRoT]], space telescope for studying the internal structure of stars and searching for exoplanets, launched on December 27, 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/corot-mission-ends/|title=COROT Mission Ends|first=Camille M.|last=Carlisle|date=June 25, 2013|publisher=Sky & Telescope|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
+* [[OSTM/Jason-2]], follow-on mission to Jason-1, launched on June 20, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jason-2|date=May 30, 2012|url=https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/jason-2#introduction-of-new-operations-concept-for-jason-2ostm|publisher=eoPortal|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
-* [[OSTM/Jason-2]], second flight model, launched on June 20, 2008.<ref>« Jason-2 qualifié chez [[Thales Alenia Space]] à Cannes », dans ''Air & Cosmos'', {{Numéro avec majuscule|2117}}, March 21, 2008</ref>
-* [[Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite|SMOS]], soil humidity study mission, launched on November 2, 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/european-smos-and-proba-2-successfully-launched-rockot/|title=European SMOS and Proba-2 Successfully Launched by Rockot|first=Peter B. |last=de Selding|date=November 9, 2009|publisher=[[Space News]]|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
+* [[Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite|SMOS]], soil humidity study mission,<ref>{{cite web|title=SMOS|date=February 8, 2022|url=https://smos.cnes.fr/fr/SMOS/Fr/index.htm|publisher=CNES|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref> launched on November 2, 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/european-smos-and-proba-2-successfully-launched-rockot/|title=European SMOS and Proba-2 Successfully Launched by Rockot|first=Peter B. |last=de Selding|date=November 9, 2009|publisher=[[Space News]]|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
 * [[Jason-3]], copy of Jason-2, ordered on February 24, 2010 by EUMETSAT and placed in orbit in January 2016. This is the most recent satellite using this platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason-3/summary/|title=Jason-3|publisher=JPL|access-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 ==Bibliography==
-*{{citation | language = en | first1=M. | last1= Sghedoni |display-authors=etal | title = Attitude and Orbit Control System for Multimission Spacecraft Platform | journal =Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems, Proceedings of the 3rd ESA International Conference  | volume= 341 | number= | date=1997 | pages= 133-139 | isbn= 9290922079| url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1997ESASP.381..133S/0000135.000.html | id=Sghedoni1997 |bibcode=1997ESASP.381..133S }}
+*{{citation | language = en | first1=M. | last1= Sghedoni |display-authors=etal | title = Attitude and Orbit Control System for Multimission Spacecraft Platform | journal =Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems, Proceedings of the 3rd ESA International Conference  | volume= 341 | number= | date=1997 | pages= 133–139 | isbn= 9290922079| url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1997ESASP.381..133S/0000135.000.html | id=Sghedoni1997 |bibcode=1997ESASP.381..133S }}
-==External Links==
+==External links==
+*[https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/global/activities/space Thales Alenia Space]
-* [http://smsc.cnes.fr/SMOS/Fr/ Présentation de la mission SMOS] sur le site du CNES.
-* [http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/space/pdf/environement/Calipsogb.pdf Présentation de CALIPSO] sur le site de Thales Alenia Space.
-* [http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/space/pdf/environement/Jason2-gb.pdf Présentation de Jason-2] sur le site de Thales Alenia Space.
-* [http://www1.alcatel-lucent.com/space/pdf/science/corotgb.pdf Présentation de CoRoT] sur le site de Thales Alenia Space.
-Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Proteus (satellite)]]; see its history for attribution.
 [[Category:Satellites orbiting Earth]]
+[[Category:Earth observation satellites]]
 [[Category:Space telescopes]]
 [[Category:Satellites of France]]