Wind rose: Difference between revisions
Jabberwoch (talk | contribs) m →History: Spelling/grammar correction |
→History: ce |
||
| (46 intermediate revisions by 37 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Graphic tool used by meteorologists}} |
|||
{{about||the compass subdivision called " |
{{about||the compass subdivision called "wind rose"|Compass rose|the [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] airline called "Windrose"|Wind Rose Aviation|the Italian band|Wind Rose (band)}} |
||
[[File:Wind rose plot.jpg|thumb|180px| Wind rose plot for [[LaGuardia Airport]] (LGA), [[New York, New York]]. 2008]] |
[[File:Wind rose plot.jpg|thumb|180px| Wind rose plot for [[LaGuardia Airport]] (LGA), [[New York, New York]]. 2008]] |
||
A '''wind rose''' is a graphic tool used by [[meteorologist]]s to give a succinct view of how [[wind]] speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Historically, wind roses were predecessors of the [[compass rose]] (found on [[ |
A '''wind rose''' is a graphic tool used by [[meteorologist]]s to give a succinct view of how [[wind]] speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Historically, wind roses were predecessors of the [[compass rose]] (found on [[charts]]), as there was no differentiation between a [[cardinal direction]] and the wind which blew from such a direction. Using a [[polar coordinate system]] of gridding, the frequency of winds over a time period is plotted by wind direction, with colour bands showing wind speed ranges. The direction of the longest spoke shows the wind direction with the greatest frequency. |
||
== History == |
== History == |
||
[[File:Wind rose.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Wind rose.jpg|thumb|''Four charts of the wind'', 18th-century illustration based on medieval wind roses]] |
||
The [[Tower of the Winds]] in [[Athens]], of about 50 BC is in effect a physical wind rose, as an octagonal tower with eight large [[relief]]s of the winds near the top. It was designed by [[Andronicus of Cyrrhus]], who seems to have written a book on the winds. A passage in [[Vitruvius]]'s chapter on [[town planning]] in his ''On Architecture'' (''[[De architectura]]'') seems to be based on this missing book. The emphasis is on planning street orientations to maximize the benefits, and minimize the harms, from the various winds. The [[London Vitruvius]], the oldest surviving manuscript, includes only one of the original illustrations, a rather crudely drawn wind rose in the margin. This was written in Germany in about 800 to 825, probably at the abbey of [[Saint Pantaleon, Cologne]].<ref>[https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/record.asp?MSID=8557 Detailed record for Harley 2767], [[British Library]]</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | Before the development of the [[compass rose]], a wind rose was included on maps in order to let the reader know which directions the 8 major winds (and sometimes 8 half |
||
| ⚫ | Before the development of the [[compass rose]], a wind rose was included on maps in order to let the reader know which directions the 8 major winds (and sometimes 8 half-winds and 16 quarter-winds) blew within the [[plan view]]. No differentiation was made between cardinal directions and the winds which blew from those directions. North was depicted with a [[fleur de lis]], while east was shown as a [[Christian cross]] to indicate the direction of [[Jerusalem]] from Europe.<ref>Dan Reboussin (2005)[http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/africana/windrose.htm Wind Rose.] [[University of Florida]]. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Thoen |first=Bill |url=http://www.gisnet.com/notebook/comprose.php |title=Origins of the Compass Rose |publisher=GISNet |access-date=2011-12-18}}</ref> |
||
== Use == |
== Use == |
||
Presented in a circular format, the modern wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing ''from'' particular directions over a specified period. The length of each "spoke" around the circle is related to the frequency that the wind blows from a particular direction per unit time. Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles. A wind rose plot may contain additional information, in that each spoke is broken down into |
Presented in a circular format, the modern wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing ''from'' particular directions over a specified period. The length of each "spoke" around the circle is related to the frequency that the wind blows from a particular direction per unit time. Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles. A wind rose plot may contain additional information, in that each spoke is broken down into colour-coded bands that show wind speed ranges. Wind roses typically use 16 cardinal directions, such as north (N), NNE, NE, etc., although they may be subdivided into as many as 32 directions.<ref>Jan Curtis (2007). [http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/climate/windrose.html Wind Rose Data.] [[Natural Resources Conservation Service]]. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.</ref><ref>[https://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/downloads/climate/windrose/ Wind Rose Data by folders by States, to sub-folders by cities] Retrieved on 2022-09-03.</ref> In terms of angle measurement in degrees, North corresponds to 0°/360°, East to 90°, South to 180° and West to 270°. |
||
Compiling a wind rose is one of the preliminary steps taken in constructing [[airport]] [[runway]]s, as aircraft |
Compiling a wind rose is one of the preliminary steps taken in constructing [[airport]] [[runway]]s, as aircraft can have a lower [[ground speed]] at both landing and takeoff when pointing against the wind. |
||
==See also== |
|||
* [[Pelorus (instrument)]] |
|||
* [[Compass rose]] |
|||
* [[Rhumbline network]] |
|||
* [[Wind Rose (band)]] |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
| Line 18: | Line 27: | ||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
{{commons category|Wind roses}} |
{{commons category|Wind roses}} |
||
*[ |
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/wcc/home/climateSupport/windRoseResources Wind Rose Data for the U.S.] |
||
* |
*{{cite web |url=http://cbc.riocean.com/wstat/012006rose.html |title=Carrie Bow Cay - Wind Rose |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009012535/http://cbc.riocean.com/wstat/012006rose.html |archivedate=2007-10-09 |date=January 2006}} |
||
* {{cite web|url=https://www.windroseplot.app/|title=Make wind rose diagrams on line|work=www.windrose.xyz|access-date=22 Oct 2020}} |
|||
*[http://www.enviroware.com/METAR/METAR_WindRoses_2011_maps.html Wind rose plots from METAR data of year 2011] |
|||
*[http://www.enviroware.com/METAR/METAR_WindRoses_2012_maps.html Wind rose plots from METAR data of year 2012] |
|||
*[http://www.enviroware.com/METAR/METAR_WindRoses_2013_maps.html Wind rose plots from METAR data of year 2013] |
|||
*[http://best-excel-tutorial.com/56-charts/204-wind-rose-excel Wind rose in Excel] |
|||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Wind]] |
||
[[Category:Navigation]] |
|||
[[pl:Róża_wiatrów#R.C3.B3.C5.BCa_wiatr.C3.B3w|Róża wiatrów]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 14:10, 23 October 2023
A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Historically, wind roses were predecessors of the compass rose (found on charts), as there was no differentiation between a cardinal direction and the wind which blew from such a direction. Using a polar coordinate system of gridding, the frequency of winds over a time period is plotted by wind direction, with colour bands showing wind speed ranges. The direction of the longest spoke shows the wind direction with the greatest frequency.
History
[edit]
The Tower of the Winds in Athens, of about 50 BC is in effect a physical wind rose, as an octagonal tower with eight large reliefs of the winds near the top. It was designed by Andronicus of Cyrrhus, who seems to have written a book on the winds. A passage in Vitruvius's chapter on town planning in his On Architecture (De architectura) seems to be based on this missing book. The emphasis is on planning street orientations to maximize the benefits, and minimize the harms, from the various winds. The London Vitruvius, the oldest surviving manuscript, includes only one of the original illustrations, a rather crudely drawn wind rose in the margin. This was written in Germany in about 800 to 825, probably at the abbey of Saint Pantaleon, Cologne.[1]
Before the development of the compass rose, a wind rose was included on maps in order to let the reader know which directions the 8 major winds (and sometimes 8 half-winds and 16 quarter-winds) blew within the plan view. No differentiation was made between cardinal directions and the winds which blew from those directions. North was depicted with a fleur de lis, while east was shown as a Christian cross to indicate the direction of Jerusalem from Europe.[2][3]
Use
[edit]Presented in a circular format, the modern wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions over a specified period. The length of each "spoke" around the circle is related to the frequency that the wind blows from a particular direction per unit time. Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles. A wind rose plot may contain additional information, in that each spoke is broken down into colour-coded bands that show wind speed ranges. Wind roses typically use 16 cardinal directions, such as north (N), NNE, NE, etc., although they may be subdivided into as many as 32 directions.[4][5] In terms of angle measurement in degrees, North corresponds to 0°/360°, East to 90°, South to 180° and West to 270°.
Compiling a wind rose is one of the preliminary steps taken in constructing airport runways, as aircraft can have a lower ground speed at both landing and takeoff when pointing against the wind.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Detailed record for Harley 2767, British Library
- ^ Dan Reboussin (2005)Wind Rose. University of Florida. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.
- ^ Thoen, Bill. "Origins of the Compass Rose". GISNet. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ^ Jan Curtis (2007). Wind Rose Data. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved on 2009-04-26.
- ^ Wind Rose Data by folders by States, to sub-folders by cities Retrieved on 2022-09-03.
External links
[edit]
- Wind Rose Data for the U.S.
- "Carrie Bow Cay - Wind Rose". January 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09.
- "Make wind rose diagrams on line". www.windrose.xyz. Retrieved 22 Oct 2020.