Japanese in the United Kingdom
 The Brighton Japan Festival in 2011 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Greater London and South East England | |
| Languages | |
| Japanese and British English | |
| Religion | |
| Mahayana Buddhism, Shinto, Protestantism, Confucianism, Roman Catholicism, Taoism, Orthodox, Islam, Judaism, Anglicanism |
| Part of a series on |
| British people |
|---|
| United Kingdom |
| Eastern European |
| Northern European |
| Southern European |
| Western European |
| Central Asian |
| East Asian |
| South Asian |
| Southeast Asian |
| West Asian |
| African and Afro-Caribbean |
| Northern American |
| South American |
| Oceanian |
Japanese in the United Kingdom include British citizens of Japanese ancestry (Japanese: 日系イギリス人, Hepburn: Nikkei Igirisujin) or permanent residents of Japanese birth or citizenship, as well as expatriate business professionals and their dependents on limited-term employment visas, students, trainees and young people participating in the UK government-sponsored Youth Mobility Scheme.
Background
[edit]
History and settlement
[edit]Settlement first began in the late 19th century with the arrival of Japanese professionals, students and their servants. 264 citizens of Japan resided in Britain in 1884, the majority of whom identifying as officials and students.[3] Employment diversified in the early 1900s with the growth of the Japanese community, which exceeded five hundred people by the close of the first decade of the 20th century.[3]
As tensions escalated between Japan and the United Kingdom in the buildup to World War II, some Japanese left their home country to settle in Britain while many more returned to Japan. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and assault on Hong Kong in December 1941, 114 Japanese men including expatriate businessmen and merchant seamen were detained as enemy aliens on the Isle of Man.[4]
In the post-war era, new waves of immigration emerged in the 1960s, mainly for business and economic purposes. In recent decades this number has grown; including immigrants, students, and businessmen. In 2014 the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 67,258 Japanese nationals resident in the United Kingdom[2] For British nationals of Japanese heritage, unlike other Nikkei communities elsewhere in the world, these Britons do not conventionally parse their communities in generational terms as Issei, Nisei, or Sansei.[5]
Students
[edit]The first Japanese students in the United Kingdom arrived in the nineteenth century, sent to study at University College London by the Chōshū and Satsuma domains, then the Bakufu (Shogunate). Later many studied at Cambridge University and a smaller number at Oxford University until the end of the Meiji era. The reason for sending them was to catch up with the West by modernizing Japan. Since the 1980s, Japanese students in the United Kingdom have become common thanks to cheaper air travel.
Demographics
[edit]
Parts of the United Kingdom, in particular London, have significant Japanese populations, such as Golders Green and East Finchley in North London. Derbyshire has a significant Japanese population due to its Toyota plant, and is twinned with Toyota, Aichi.[6] Similarly Telford is home to numerous Japanese firms.[7]
According to the 2001 UK Census, 37,535 Japanese born people were residing in the UK,[8] whilst the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimates that 50,864 Japanese nationals were calling the UK home in 2002.[9] In the 2011 Census, 35,313 people in England specified their country of birth as Japan, 601 in Wales,[10] 1,273 in Scotland[11] and 144 in Northern Ireland.[12] 35,043 people living in England and Wales chose to write in Japanese in response to the ethnicity question,[13] 1,245 in Scotland,[14] and 90 in Northern Ireland.[15] The Office for National Statistics estimates that, in 2015, 43,000 people born in Japan were resident in the UK.[16]
Japanese is the primary language of Japan, and the 2011 Census found that 27,764 people in England and Wales spoke Japanese as their main language, 27,305 of them in England alone, and 17,050 in London alone.[17] The 2011 Census also found that 83 people in Northern Ireland spoke Japanese as their main language.[18]
Organisations
[edit]The Japan Society and Japan Foundation support cultural programmes about Japanese culture.[19]
Notable individuals
[edit]Below is a list of notable British people of Japanese heritage. Temporary individuals and expatriates are not included and can be found at Category:Japanese expatriates in the United Kingdom.
British citizens born in the UK of Japanese ancestry
- Miki Berenyi – singer, of mixed Hungarian and Japanese ancestry
- Rowan Hisayo Buchanan – writer
- China Chow – actress, of mixed European and East Asian ancestry
- Esprit D'Air – rock band with various musicians of Japanese ancestry
- Hanako Footman – actress and writer, of mixed English and Japanese ancestry
- Simon Fujiwara - artist
- Adam Nathaniel Furman – artist and designer
- Claire Kohda – writer and violinist of mixed Japanese and English ancestry
- Andrew Koji – actor and martial artist of mixed English and Japanese ancestry, known for The Innocents and Warrior[20]
- Frederick Lubin – racing driver
- MiChi (Michiko Sellars) – dance-pop singer in Japan
- Naomi J. Ogawa – actress, of mixed British and Japanese ancestry
- Tomio Otani – martial artist
- Jasmine Rodgers - lead singer of English alternative rock band Bôa
- Steve Rodgers - guitarist of English alternative rock band Bôa
- Will Sharpe – actor of mixed English and Japanese ancestry
- Georgie Yukiko Donovan - documentary director of mixed English and Japanese ancestry
British citizens born overseas of Japanese ancestry (as well as Japanese citizens) in the UK
- Kae Alexander - actress
- Haruka Abe - actress
- Sarah Bonito – lead singer of South London band Kero Kero Bonito
- Taka Hirose – bassist, of the band Feeder
- Togo Igawa – actor
- Sir Kazuo Ishiguro – novelist, 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature winner
- May Kershaw - keyboardist of Black Country, New Road
- Haruka Kuroda – actress
- Akiko Matsuura - drummer, lead singer of the band Pre
- Eleanor Matsuura – actress
- Matt McCooey – actor
- Kaoru Mfaume – entertainment producer
- Naoko Mori – actress
- Sonoya Mizuno – actress, known for Ex Machina and La La Land
- Hinako Omori - musician
- Rina Sawayama – singer
- Aki Schilz – writer and editor
- Dame Mitsuko Uchida – pianist
- Hikaru Utada - singer
- Diana Yukawa – violinist
- Asami Zdrenka – former member of British girlband Neon Jungle
- Yo Zushi – musician and journalist
Other
- Jun Tanaka – American born TV chef of Channel 4's Cooking It
- James Lord Bowes
- Scott MacKenzie, darts player, born in Brazil to mixed Japanese and Scottish parentage
- Yoko Ono – Japanese artist
Education
[edit]Primary and secondary schools
[edit]
Many state and independent schools in the United Kingdom serve Japanese children. As of 2013, about 10-20% of Japanese school-age residents in the United Kingdom attend full-time Japanese curriculum-based international schools.[21] These schools include the Japanese School in London, and the boarding schools Rikkyo School in England and Teikyo School United Kingdom.[22]
The Shi-Tennoji School in Suffolk was in operation from 1985 to its date of closing,[23] 17 July 2000.[24] The Gyosei International School UK in Milton Keynes closed in 2002, after 15 years of operation.[25]
Post-secondary education
[edit]
The Teikyo school maintains Teikyo University of Japan in Durham at the Lafcadio Hearn Cultural Centre at the University of Durham.[22]
A boarding college in Winchester, Hampshire, the Winchester Shoei College at the University of Winchester (formerly Shoei Centre at King Alfred's College), is an affiliate of the Shoei Gakuin. It opened in 1982.[26][27]
Gyosei International College in the U.K. opened in 1989 in Reading, Berkshire on land formerly controlled by the University of Reading and its name later changed to the Witan International College. In 2004 the University of Reading announced that it took control of the Witan college.[28]
Supplementary education
[edit]
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has eight Saturday Japanese supplementary schools in operation. As of 2013, 2,392 Japanese children in Canterbury, Cardiff, Derby, Edinburgh (school is in Livingston), Leeds, London, Manchester (school is in Lymm), Sunderland (school is in Oxclose), and Telford attend these schools.[22][29]
- Derby Japanese School (ダービー日本人補習校, Dābī Nihonjin Hoshūkō) - Morley, Erewash, Derbyshire[30]
- Japanese Saturday School in London
- Japanese School in Wales (ウェールズ補習授業校, Wēruzu Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Cardiff[31]
- Kent Japanese School (ケント日本語補習校, Kento Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Located in Canterbury[32] - Its time of establishment is August 2005[33]
- Manchester Japanese School (マンチェスター日本人補習授業校, Manchesutā Nihonjin Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Lymm, Warrington, Cheshire[34]
- North East of England Japanese Saturday School (北東イングランド補習授業校, Hokutō Ingurando Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Oxclose, Tyne and Wear[35] (near Newcastle-upon-Tyne)
- The Scotland Japanese School (スコットランド日本語補習授業校, Sukottorando Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō)) - Livingston (near Edinburgh), established in 1982[36]
- Telford Japanese School (テルフォード補習授業校, Terufōdo Hoshū Jugyō Kō) - Stirchley, Telford[37]
- Yorkshire and Humberside Japanese School (ヨークシャーハンバーサイド日本語補習校, Yōkushā Hanbāsaido Nihongo Hoshūkō) — Leeds[38]
See also
[edit]
- British East and Southeast Asian
- Britons in Japan
- Japanese diaspora
- Japan–United Kingdom relations
- Japan Society of the UK
- Japanese students in the United Kingdom
- Japan–British Exhibition
- Japanese community of London
Notes
[edit]- ^ "TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Japan-United Kingdom Foreign Relations". Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
- ^ a b Itoh 2001, p. 1
- ^ Itoh 2001, p. 185
- ^ Itoh 2001, p. 7
- ^ Derby City Council https://www.derby.gov.uk/news/2019/july/japan-friendship-blossoms-with-100-cherry-trees-for-derby-derbyshire/
- ^ BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-44685914
- ^ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
- ^ "Japan-UK relations". Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. October 2008. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
- ^ "2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
- ^ "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
- ^ "Country of Birth – Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
- ^ "2011 Census: Ethnic Group" (PDF). Bristol City Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Scotland's Census 2011 - National Records of Scotland - Ethnic group (detailed)" (PDF). Scottish Government. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Ethnic Group - Full Detail_QS201NI". Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service. 2011. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2015 to December 2015". Office for National Statistics. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals.
- ^ "2011 Census: Main language (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Main Language - Full Detail_QS210NI". Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ Langdale, Georgina (July 2001). "MATSURI IN THE U.K." Look Japan. Archived from the original on 2 August 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ^ "Andrew Koji". IMDb.
- ^ Conte-Helm, Marie (1996). The Japanese and Europe: Economic and Cultural Encounters (17 December 2013 ed.). Bloomsbury Academic Collections); A&C Black. ISBN 9781780939803. (ISBN 1780939809), p. 74. "Some 10-20 per cent of Japanese children of school age in the UK attend[...]" (the figure is specific to the 2013 edition)
- ^ a b c Conte-Helm 1996, p. 74
- ^ McNeill, Phil (22 July 2007). "Shrine of the times". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
- ^ "Establishment: Shi-Tennoji School". Department for Education. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Shi-Tennoji School Herringswell Bury St Edmund's Suffolk IP28 6SW
- ^ "Sayonara!". Milton Keynes Citizen. 17 January 2002. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
- ^ Pearse, Bowen; McCooey, Chris (30 September 1991). Companion to Japanese Britain and Ireland. In Print Publishing. ISBN 9781873047101.
WINCHESTER (90) Shoei Centre (at King Alfred's College), Winchester, Hampshire In 1982, four years short of its centenary, Tokyo's Shoei Christian College for Girls opened a boarding college in Winchester. The new Japanese centre[...]
- ^ Directory of Japanese-Affiliated Companies in the E. C., 1991-1992. Taylor & Francis. 1 January 1992. p. 205. ISBN 9784822405502. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
Winchester Shoei College (Shoei Joshigakuin - Tokyo) 9, Chilbolton Court, Sarum Road, Winchester, Hants, S022 5HF
- ^ "The University of Reading and Witan International College". University of Reading. 6 August 2004. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
- ^ ""Ōshū no hoshū jugyō-kō ichiran (Heisei 25-nen 4 tsuki 15 nichigenzai)" 欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在 [List of European schools (as of April 15, 2013)]. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ^ ダービー日本人補習校 [Derby Japanese School]. Derby Japanese School. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
c/o Derby College Broomfield Hall, Morley Ilkeston, Derby DE7 6DN UK
- ^ "Wales Japan Club/ウェールズ日本人会". Archived from the original on 2006-02-03. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Contact". Kent Japanese School. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
Classes are held from 10:00 to 12:30 every Saturday in Canterbury.
- ^ "Home". Kent Japanese School. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ ""Contact Us". Manchester Japanese School. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
Oughtrington Lane, Lymm, Cheshire, WA13 0RB, UK (Language Centre at Lymm High School).
- ^ "Shozaichi" 所在地 [Location]. North East of England Japanese Saturday School. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
C/O Oxclose Community School, Dilston, Close, Oxclose, Washington, Tyne and Wear, NE38 0LN
- ^ "Google Sites" 概要. The Scotland Japanese School (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
1982年5月 三菱電機、日本電気、ダイワスポーツが中心となり、SDA(現在のSDI、スコットランド国際開発庁)の協力を得て、エジンバラ市のGraigmount High Schoolの教室を借り、生徒数11名、教師3名の複合3クラスでスタートし、その後2003年4月 に上記の所在地に移転、現在に至っています。
- ^ "Home". Telford Japanese School. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
c/o Lakeside Academy, Stirchley, Telford, Shropshire TF3 1FA
- ^ "How to Find Us". Yorkshire and Humberside Japanese School. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
References
[edit]- Conte-Helm, Marie (1996). The Japanese and Europe: Economic and Cultural Encounters (17 December 2013 ed.). Bloomsbury Academic Collections); A&C Black. ISBN 9781780939803. (ISBN 1780939809)
- Itoh, Keiko (2001). The Japanese Community in Pre-War Britain. RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-7007-1487-1.
External links
[edit]- The Japan Foundation
- UK Japanese forum
- Reassessing what we collect website - Japanese London History of Japanese London with objects and images
- Japanese Media based in the UK: Eikoku News Digest