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切

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
切 U+5207, 切
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5207
← 分
[U+5206] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 刈 →
[U+5208]
切 U+FA00, 切
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA00
← 刺
[U+F9FF] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 度 →
[U+FA01]

切 U+2F850, 切
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F850
← 噴
[U+2F84F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 壮 →
[U+2F851]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes

Alternative forms

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Note that in Chinese scripts (simplified/traditional), the left component is written ㇐ followed by ㇙ (with an upward hook). In Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts the left component ends with ㇟ as in 七, which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi Dictionary.

Han character

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切 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心尸竹 (PSH), four-corner 47720, composition ⿰七刀)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 136, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1858
  • Dae Jaweon: page 307, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 320, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5207

Further reading

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Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 切
alternative forms 𪥂
𭃄

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 切
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
s03163
Transcribed ancient scripts
L27064
L27065
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (七) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
切 *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd
砌 *sʰiːds
沏 *sʰiːd
七 *sn̥ʰid
柒 *sn̥ʰid
叱 *n̥ʰjid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd) : phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1

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Related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsik (“joint”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ciag4 - Shantou;
  • ciêg4 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 切
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 屑 (87)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 千結切
Baxter tshet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰet̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰet̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰɛt̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰet̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰiet̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cit3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 切
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]ˁi[t]/
English cut; urgent

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 切
Reading # 2/2
No. 9908
Phonetic
component 		七
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*sn̥ʰiːd/

Definitions

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切

  1. to cut; to slice; to carve; to mince with a knife
  2. to cut off; to disconnect
  3. (mathematics) tangent
    正切  ―  zhèngqiē  ―  tangent
    餘切／余切  ―  yúqiē  ―  cotangent
  4. to switch
    Synonym: 切換 / 切换 (qiēhuàn)
    輸入法切來切去很麻煩。 [MSC, trad.]
    输入法切来切去很麻烦。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shūrùfǎ qiē-lái qiē-qù hěn máfán. [Pinyin]
    Switching back and forth between IMEs all the time is so annoying.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 切 (“to cut with a knife; to slice”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 切
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 切
Taiwan 切
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 切
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 切
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 切
Wuhan 切
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 切
Hefei 切
Cantonese Guangzhou 切
Hong Kong 切
Yangjiang 切
Gan Nanchang 切
Hakka Meixian 切
Jin Taiyuan 切
Northern Min Jian'ou 切
Eastern Min Fuzhou 削
Southern Min Xiamen 截, 切
Taipei 切, 截
New Taipei (Sanxia) 切
Kaohsiung 切
Yilan 𠞩, 切
Changhua (Lukang) 切
Taichung 切
Tainan 𠞩, 切
Hsinchu 切, 截
Kinmen 切, 截
Penghu (Magong) 切, 截
Manila (Hokkien) 切, 截
Chaozhou 截
Wu Suzhou 切
Wenzhou 切
Xiang Changsha 切
Shuangfeng 切
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chhoeh/chheh - vernacular;
  • chhiat - literary.
Note:
  • ciag4 - Shantou;
  • ciêg4 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 切
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 屑 (87)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 千結切
Baxter tshet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰet̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰet̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰɛt̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰet̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰiet̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰiet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cit3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 切
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]ˁi[t]/
English cut; urgent

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 切
Reading # 2/2
No. 9908
Phonetic
component 		七
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*sn̥ʰiːd/

Definitions

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切

  1. to be close to
  2. to bite tightly; to clench
  3. to correspond to; to match
  4. (traditional Chinese medicine) to feel the pulse
  5. eager; ardent
  6. urgent; pressing
  7. must; by all means
  8. main point
  9. (phonetics) Short for 反切 (fǎnqiè, “fanqie”).
Compounds
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 切
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 七計切
Baxter tshejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰeiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰeiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰeiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰieiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cai3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 切
Reading # 1/2
No. 9906
Phonetic
component 		七
Rime
group 		至
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		砌
Old
Chinese 		/*sn̥ʰiːds/

Definitions

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切

  1. Used in 一切 (yīqiè, “all; every; everything; anything”).
Compounds
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Etymology 4

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Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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切

  1. (Mandarin, chiefly women's speech, colloquial) An interjection conveying a slight sense of disdain or dissatisfaction.
See also
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Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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切

  1. (Cantonese) to be in time for; in time
    嚟得切 [Cantonese]  ―  lai4 dak1 cit3 [Jyutping]  ―  to (be able to) make it

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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切

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. cut

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 切 (MC tshet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쳐ᇙ〮 (Yale: chyélq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 졀ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: cyel-hol) 졀 (Yale: cyel)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

切 (eumhun 끊을 절 (kkeuneul jeol))

  1. hanja form? of 절 (“to cut”) [affix]
Compounds
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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 切 (MC tshejH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 촁〮 (Yale: chyéy)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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切 (eumhun 온통 체 (ontong che))

  1. hanja form? of 체 (“Only used in 일체(一切) (ilche, “all, everything”): whole”)
Compounds
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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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切: Hán Nôm readings: thiết, siết, thiếc, thướt, xắt, thế

  1. to slice
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