存

See also: 仔

存 U+5B58, 存 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B58 ← 字 [U+5B57] CJK Unified Ideographs 孙 → [U+5B59]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

存 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大中弓木 (KLND), four-corner 4024₇, composition ⿸𠂇⿰丨子)

Derived characters

• 侟 𠱜 𢙨 拵 洊 𤞐 𨒸 𣆱 栫 珔 𦛊 袸 𧋃 臶 銌 𨚲 荐 𤶐

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6943
• Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1009, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5B58

Chinese

simp. and trad.		存

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (存) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
荐	*zlɯːns
洊	*zlɯːns
臶	*zlɯːns, *zluːns
栫	*zlɯːns, *zluːns
袸	*zlɯːns, *zluːn
存	*zluːn
拵	*zluːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zluːn) : phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + semantic 子.

Etymology 1

Possibly the demonstrative *-n derivation from 在 (OC *zlɯːʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cún (cun²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cen² / cun²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun⁴

• Gan (Wiktionary): cun²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhùn / sùn

  (Hailu, HRS): cun / sun

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cun²

• Jin (Wiktionary): cung¹
• Northern Min (KCR): cǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): còng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zong² / zuong²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chûn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cung⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zen²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cún
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cún
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻun²
    • Yale: tswún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tswen
    • Palladius: цунь (cunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cen² / cun²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cen / cun
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰən²¹/, /t͡sʰuən²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cyun⁴
    • Yale: chyùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: cun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰun²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùn / sùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: cun^ˇ / sun^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cun² / sun²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun¹¹/, /sun¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: cun / sun
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/, /sun⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cun²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: còng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡souŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zuong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suoŋ¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûn
    • Tâi-lô: tsûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sun²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sun²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cung⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshûng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 存
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰuən³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰuən²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰuən⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰuẽ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰuə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰuən⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰuẽ²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰuə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰũn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰən³¹/ /t͡sʰuən³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰen²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰuə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰun²⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zø³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sən¹³/
	Xiangtan	/d͡zən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰun¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰun¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sun³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡souŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sun³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzwon

Rime
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徂尊切
Baxter	dzwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuən/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuon/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwən/
Li Rong	/d͡zuən/
Wang Li	/d͡zuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤə[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zluːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cún
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁə[n]/
English	exist
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
No.	1905
Phonetic component	存
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	存
Old Chinese	/*zluːn/

Definitions

存

1. (literary) to exist
2. to cherish; to harbor
3. to store; to retain
4. stock; reserve

Synonyms

• (to exist):

edit

• 在
• 存在 (cúnzài)
• 有
• 留存 (liúcún)

Compounds

• 一息尚存 (yīxīshàngcún)
• 一滴無存 / 一滴无存
• 下存
• 不存
• 不存不濟 / 不存不济
• 不存大體 / 不存大体
• 不存濟 / 不存济
• 並存 / 并存 (bìngcún)
• 並存不悖 / 并存不悖
• 主敬存誠 / 主敬存诚
• 久有存心
• 亡人自存
• 人存政舉 / 人存政举
• 依存 (yīcún)
• 保存 (bǎocún)
• 倖存 / 幸存 (xìngcún)
• 傳真存轉 / 传真存转
• 儲存 / 储存 (chǔcún)
• 儲存單位 / 储存单位
• 儲蓄存款 / 储蓄存款
• 共存 (gòngcún)
• 典範長存 / 典范长存
• 分隸偶存 / 分隶偶存
• 勢不兩存 / 势不两存
• 去偽存真 / 去伪存真 (qùwěicúnzhēn)
• 去蕪存菁 / 去芜存菁 (qùwúcúnjīng)
• 名存實亡 / 名存实亡 (míngcúnshíwáng)
• 和平共存 (hépíng gòngcún)
• 圖存 / 图存 (túcún)
• 在此存照
• 外匯存底 / 外汇存底
• 外幣存款 / 外币存款
• 存亡 (cúnwáng)
• 存亡未卜
• 存亡絕續 / 存亡绝续
• 存亡繼絕 / 存亡继绝
• 存候
• 存勞 / 存劳
• 存包處 / 存包处
• 存古 (cúngǔ)
• 存問 / 存问
• 存單 / 存单 (cúndān)
• 存在 (cúnzài)
• 存在主義 / 存在主义 (cúnzài zhǔyì)
• 存坐
• 存執 / 存执
• 存存
• 存孤
• 存宿
• 存底
• 存廢 / 存废 (cúnfèi)
• 存心 (cúnxīn)
• 存恤 (cúnxù)
• 存慰
• 存戶 / 存户 (cúnhù)
• 存摺 / 存折 (cúnzhé)
• 存撫 / 存抚
• 存放 (cúnfàng)
• 存查 (cúnchá)
• 存案
• 存根 (cúngēn)
• 存檔 / 存档 (cúndàng)
• 存欄 / 存栏
• 存款 (cúnkuǎn)
• 存沒 / 存没
• 存活 (cúnhuó)
• 存活率 (cúnhuólǜ)
• 存濟 / 存济
• 存照
• 存留 (cúnliú)
• 存疑 (cúnyí)
• 存省
• 存眷
• 存神
• 存視 / 存视
• 存稿
• 存續 / 存续 (cúnxù)
• 存而不論 / 存而不论
• 存記 / 存记
• 存證信函 / 存证信函
• 存貨 / 存货 (cúnhuò)
• 存身 (cúnshēn)
• 存量 (cúnliàng)
• 存錢 / 存钱 (cúnqián)
• 存錄 / 存录
• 存食
• 存養 / 存养
• 安存
• 定存 (dìngcún)
• 定期存款 (dìngqī cúnkuǎn)
• 寄存 (jìcún)
• 封存 (fēngcún)
• 屍骨無存 / 尸骨无存
• 巋然獨存 / 岿然独存
• 庫存 / 库存 (kùcún)
• 心存不軌 / 心存不轨 (xīncúnbùguǐ)
• 心存魏闕 / 心存魏阙
• 思存
• 惠存 (huìcún)
• 意存筆先 / 意存笔先
• 推亡固存
• 提存
• 撫存 / 抚存 (fǔcún)
• 救亡圖存 / 救亡图存 (jiùwángtúcún)
• 李存勗 / 李存勖
• 死生存亡
• 殘存 / 残存 (cáncún)
• 殷文存
• 永存 (yǒngcún)
• 永存不朽
• 求同存異 / 求同存异 (qiútóngcúnyì)
• 治亂存亡 / 治乱存亡
• 活存 (huócún)
• 活期存款 (huóqī cúnkuǎn)
• 浩氣長存 / 浩气长存 (hàoqì chángcún)
• 溫存 / 温存 (wēncún)
• 滾存 / 滚存 (gǔncún)
• 無存濟 / 无存济
• 片瓦無存 / 片瓦无存
• 片甲不存 (piànjiǎbùcún)
• 片甲無存 / 片甲无存 (piànjiǎwúcún)
• 猶存 / 犹存
• 現存 / 现存 (xiàncún)
• 生存 (shēngcún)
• 生存空間 / 生存空间 (shēngcún kōngjiān)
• 生存競爭 / 生存竞争
• 生死存亡 (shēngsǐcúnwáng)
• 留存 (liúcún)
• 百不存一
• 百無一存 / 百无一存
• 盤存 / 盘存 (páncún)
• 目擊道存 / 目击道存
• 碩果僅存 / 硕果仅存 (shuòguǒjǐncún)
• 票據存款 / 票据存款
• 禮存寧儉 / 礼存宁俭
• 積存 / 积存 (jīcún)
• 立此存照
• 結存 / 结存 (jiécún)
• 綜合存款 / 综合存款
• 繼絕存亡 / 继绝存亡
• 聚落保存
• 興廢存亡 / 兴废存亡
• 舍生存義 / 舍生存义
• 苟存
• 若存若亡
• 蕩然無存 / 荡然无存 (dàngránwúcún)
• 貯存 / 贮存 (zhùcún)
• 軟語溫存 / 软语温存
• 進退存亡 / 进退存亡
• 過化存神 / 过化存神
• 適者生存 / 适者生存 (shìzhě shēngcún)
• 長存 / 长存 (chángcún)
• 閑邪存誠 / 闲邪存诚
• 難存濟 / 难存济
• 零存整付
• 零庫存 / 零库存
• 霽範永存 / 霁范永存
• 養性存身 / 养性存身
• 餘存 / 余存
• 餘悸猶存 / 余悸犹存
• 黃金存摺 / 黄金存折
• 默存
• 齒亡舌存 / 齿亡舌存
• 齒弊舌存 / 齿弊舌存

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 存 – see 伸 (“to be left; to remain; surplus; remainder”). (This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 伸).

Japanese

Kanji

存

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. exist

Readings

• Go-on: ぞん (zon, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
• Kun: ある (aru, 存る)^{←あり (ari, 存り, historical)}、たもつ (tamotsu, 存つ)^{←たもつ (tamotu, 存つ, historical)}、とう (tou, 存う)^{←とふ (tofu, 存ふ, historical)}、ながらえる (nagaraeru, 存える)^{←ながらふ (nagarafu, 存ふ, historical)}

Compounds

• 保(ほ)存(ぞん) (hozon, “preservation”)
• 存(そん)続(ぞく) (sonzoku, “duration”)
• 依(い)存(ぞん) (izon, “depend”)
• 依(い)存(ぞん)症(しょう) (izonshō, “addiction”)
• 現(げん)存(ぞん) (genzon, “existence”)
• 共(きょう)存(ぞん) (kyōzon, “coexistence”)
• 生(せい)存(ぞん) (seizon, “living, life”)
• 生(せい)存(ぞん)権(けん) (seizonken, “right to life”)
• 残(ざん)存(ぞん) (zanzon, “survival”)
• 存(そん)立(りつ) (sonritsu, “existence”)
• 存(そん)否(ぴ) (sonpi, “existence or nonexistence”)
• 存(ぞん)心(しん) (zonshin, “inner thoughts”)

Korean

Hanja

存 (eum 존 (jon))

1. to have
2. to exist
3. to be living

Compounds

• 존재 (存在, jonjae, “existence”)
• 기존 (旣存, gijon, “existing”)
• 의존 (依存, uijon, “dependence”)
• 보존 (保存, bojon, “preservation”)
• 생존 (生存, saengjon, “survival”)

Vietnamese

Han character

存: Hán Nôm readings: tồn, dòn, sòn, ròn, tòn

1. chữ Hán form of tồn (“to exist; to preserve”).