diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/pyplot.py b/lib/matplotlib/pyplot.py
index 8f8f9544677e..94253aefa3cc 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/pyplot.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/pyplot.py
@@ -1232,6 +1232,10 @@ def subplot(*args, **kwargs):
# If no existing axes match, then create a new one.
if ax is None:
ax = fig.add_subplot(*args, **kwargs)
+ elif kwargs:
+ _api.warn_external(f"An Axes with subplot spec {args} already exists. "
+ "The existing Axes will be returned, with all "
+ "keyword arguments ignored.")
bbox = ax.bbox
axes_to_delete = []
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_pyplot.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_pyplot.py
index 6b520aea30d4..1cfcb0d0035f 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_pyplot.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_pyplot.py
@@ -153,3 +153,11 @@ def test_nested_ion_ioff():
with plt.ioff():
plt.ion()
assert not mpl.is_interactive()
+
+
+def test_subplot_warning():
+ ax1 = plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
+ with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match='An Axes with subplot spec '
+ r'\(2, 1, 1\) already exists'):
+ ax2 = plt.subplot(2, 1, 1, polar=True)
+ assert ax1 is ax2
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